SrCaSiO4：Eu^3＋的光谱性能的研究

采用高温固相反应法制备了一种新的用于白光LED的红色荧光粉SrCaSiO4：Eu^3＋，XRD表明其属于正交晶系，空间群Pmnb；在SrCaSiO4：Eu^3＋的体系中掺入〈12％（原子分数）的Eu^3＋不会引起相的转变。光谱测试表明，荧光粉的激发峰位于397nm，能与近紫外LED相匹配，其发射峰位于612，592和586nm；在SrCaSiO4：Eu^3＋的体系中Eu^3＋的猝灭浓度约为10％（原子分数），其临界传递距离（Rc）约为1．2nm,测得样品的衰减曲线，并得到其荧光寿命τ约为3ms。     

高温固相法合成CaO：Eu^3＋，Na^＋红色荧光粉的研究

采用高温固相法,合成CaO：Eu^3＋,Na^＋等一系列红色荧光粉。研究煅烧温度和Eu^3＋、Na^＋离子的掺杂量对样品发光性能的影响,并对样品的物相、激发和发射光谱进行分析。结果表明,当前驱物的煅烧温度在950℃以上时,分别作为激活剂和敏化剂的Eu^3＋和Na^＋离子全部进入到CaO晶格中并占据Ca^2＋的位置,其最佳掺杂量分别为1．5mol％和10mol％;Na^＋离子的掺杂不仅有利于基质的稳定,而且可以提高样品的发光强度;煅烧温度升高有助于样品发光强度的提高;在波长为200～400nm氙灯的激发下,最强激发峰值为244nm,属于Eu^3＋-O^2-的电荷迁移跃迁;最大发射峰值位于592nm,对应于Eu^3＋离子的^5D0→^7F1跃迁,并且Eu^3＋离子在CaO基质中主要处于严格对称中心的格位上。     

白光LED用荧光粉α-Sr2P2O7∶Eu^3＋的制备及其发光性能

以尿素为原料,采用溶液燃烧法合成出α-Sr2P2O7∶Eu^3＋红色荧光粉。利用XRD、FSEM和荧光光谱,研究了激活剂Eu3＋浓度、煅烧温度对荧光粉的晶体结构和发光性能的影响。光谱测量表明α-Sr2P2O7∶Eu^3＋的5 D0→7F1、5 D0→7F2跃迁发射最强,为红光发射;该荧光粉可被394nm近紫外光和464nm蓝光有效激发,有望成为一种近紫外LED和蓝光LED用的红色荧光粉。     

GdAl3(BO3)4:Eu3+荧光粉的光致发光特性

用硝酸盐热分解法合成了单相粉末样品Gd1-xEuzAl3(BO3)4(0≤x≤1),研究了Eu^3 在GdAl3(BO3)4中的紫外和真空紫外光谱性质．GdAl3(BO3)4：Eu^3 中稀土离子占据非中心对称的格位，Eu^3 在其中的特征发射以^5D0→^7F2电偶极跃迁为主,在147nm激发下GdAl3(BO3)4：Eu^3 呈色坐标为(0．645，0．330)的强红光发射，说明是非常有前途的PDP用红色发光材料,在GdAl3(BO3)4：Eu^3 的真空紫外光谱中观察到两个峰，158nm的激发带归属于B03基团的吸收，258nm处的激发带为Eu^3 →O^2-的电荷转移跃迁带．在147nm激发下，GdAl3(BO3)4：Eu^3 的红光发射强度随着Eu^3 浓度的增加而减弱，而在258nm激发下随Eu^3 浓度的增大Eu^3 的红光发射增强，说明它们发光的机理不同。     

不同沉淀剂下掺杂离子的Y2O3：Eu^3＋粉体的光致发光研究

不同沉淀剂下采用均相沉淀法制备出掺杂不同金属离子（K^＋，Mg^2＋，Ba^2＋）的Y2O3：Eu^3＋荧光粉。通过XRD、IR、激发与发射等技术研究了材料的结构与发光性能，考察了沉淀剂、掺杂的金属离子种类对Y2O3：Eu^3＋发光材料的结构和发光性能的影响。结果表明：用尿素作沉淀剂制备的发光性能明显强于用草酸作沉淀剂的Y2O3：Eu^3＋荧光粉。其中，在草酸系列中，同时掺杂K^＋离子能显著增强Y2O3：Eu^3＋的发光强度，而掺杂Mg^2＋，Ba^2＋离子则会减弱其发光强度；而在尿素系列里，掺杂离子都会增强样品的发光强度。     

Gd^3＋共掺杂CaZrO3：Eu^3＋粉体的制备及发光性质研究

采用柠檬酸溶胶－凝胶法制备了Gdn共掺杂CaZrO3：Eu^3＋发光粉体,利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、差热-热重分析对样品进行表征,结果表明,焙烧后样品CaZrO3：Eu^3＋,Gd^3＋为CaZrO3的钙钛矿结构。详细研究了Gdn共掺CaZrO3：Eu^3＋体系的发光性质,激发光谱显示,在200～550nm波长范围,主要强的激发峰位于395nm和465nm处,其中以395nm的激发峰最强。取395nm为最佳激发波长研究发射光谱,结果显示,出现了590nm和613nm两个发射峰,且613nm处^5Do→^7F2跃迁强度大于590nm处^5Do→^7F1跃迁强度。同时研究了Gd^3＋掺杂浓度及C／M对发光强度的影响,发现Gd惨杂浓度为8％、C／M值为1．5：1时发光强度最强。     

红色蓄光材料Y2O2S:Eu3+的硫熔法制备及其发光性能

用硫熔法制备了系列红色蓄光材料Y2O2S ：Eux^3＋（0．01≤x≤0．10）的多晶粉末样品并系统研究了其发光特性。XRD结果表明,晶胞参数c随着Eu^3＋含量的逐渐增大而增大,而晶胞参数α没有明显的线性变化关系,这与Y2O2S ：Eu^3＋的晶体结构有关。Y2O2S ：Eux^3＋（0．01≤x≤0．10）的激发光谱相似,在626nm发射光监控下最大激发波长约在330nm附近。在330nm激发下,随着Eu^3＋含量逐渐增大,发射光谱最强发射峰位置从540nm右移至626nm,观察到红色特征发射峰626nm的强度逐渐增大,在Eu^3＋含量为0．09时,其强度达到最大。在最佳合成条件及最佳Eu^3＋含量下,正在进行掺杂Mg^2＋和Ti^4＋及其发光特性的研究。     

Ca2SnO4:Eu3+的固相反应形成机理及发光性质研究

利用高温固相反应法合成了Ca2-xEuxSnO4发光粉末样品，采用X射线衍射技术和荧光光谱等测试手段对样品的固相反应形成机理及光谱特性进行了研究．对于CaCO3和SNO2（2：1）混合粉料，在1250℃进行固相反应时将优先反应生成不稳定的中间相CaSnO3，该相再与CaO继续反应生成最后稳定的目标相Ca2SnO4．Ca2-xEuxSnO4样品在240-360nm范围内存在着Eu^3＋-O^2-电荷迁移吸收带，随着Eu^3＋掺杂浓度（x=0．01-0．15）的增加，吸收带峰位从274nm红移至292nm附近．Ca2SnO4：Eu^3＋发光体的发射以电偶极跃迁^2Do-^7F2为主导地位，在紫外光激发下产生强的红光发射．在Ca2SnO4基质中，Eu^3＋离子的多声子弛豫过程几率小，当Eu^3＋掺杂浓度较低时，可以观察到来自于Eu^3＋较高激发态能级^5D2和^5D1上的辐射跃迁．Eu^3＋离子在同构的Ca2SnO4和Sr2CeO4基质中的发射光谱形状类似，但Ca2SnO4：Eu^3＋的红光发射强度远大于Sr2CeO4：Eu^3＋．     

Y2O2S：Eu^3＋红色荧光粉的SnO2：Sb包覆研究

采用硫融法合成了Y2O2S：Eu^3＋红色荧光粉。用溶胶-凝胶法在其表面包覆了一层SnO2：Sb透明导电薄膜。通过x射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、荧光光谱（PL）和电阻测量等检测手段分别分析了包覆处理对Y2O2S：Eu^3＋的晶体结构、表面形貌、荧光性质以及荧光粉导电性的影响。结果表明：通过该方法成功地在Y2O2S：Eu^3＋表面包覆了一层连续的SnO2：Sb薄膜;当包覆量nSoO2/nY2O2S=6％时,所得到的荧光粉同时具有较高的荧光强度和导电性;当掺杂量DSb/nSn=10％,退火温度为500℃（氧气流中退火1h）时,可以得到导电性较好的荧光粉。     

煅烧温度对微米级NaYF4：Eu^3＋六棱柱微结构及荧光性能的影响

以EDTA为络合剂,采用水热法一步合成了六方相NaYF4：Eu^3＋ 六角微米棱柱,晶粒大小均一,长度为2—3μm,直径为500nm。利用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、荧光光谱以及透射电子显微镜（TEM）等手段对不同温度煅烧后的产物的物相结构、微观形貌、荧光性能和掺杂状态等进行了分析,结果表明,煅烧温度对NaYF4：Eu^3＋的晶体结构影响不大,仍为六方相晶型,但对晶粒形态和形貌有显著影响,改善了Eu^3＋在基质中的掺杂状态及NaYF4：Eu^3＋的荧光性能,其中在300℃下煅烧,样品仍能保持稳定的六角棱柱形状,可获得最佳的荧光性能。在395nm光激发下,NaYF4：Eu^3＋样品显示出较强的橙色（590nm）和红色（615nm）发光,分别来自于Eu^3＋离子^5D0→^7F1和^5Dc→^7F2的跃迁．     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.