高级别管线钢酸溶铝的控制

从理论上计算了高级别管线钢精炼过程酸溶铝的控制与溶解氧、钢中硫及精炼渣的关系.w(AlS)=0.004 5 %～0.007 3 %时,w([O])可控制到(3～5)×10-6,精炼渣的硫容量C'S分别大于0.02、0.04和0.07时,w([S])可控制在20×10-6、8×10-6和5×10-6以内.通过对某钢厂LF-VD高级别管线钢生产工艺分析表明,钢中w(AlS)=0.035 %时, w([O])=1.76×10-6,LF初期、LF末期、VD末期炉渣C'S分别为0.01、0.022、0.023,w([S])从LF初期的80×10-6,降低到LF末期的(20～30)×10-6,并稳定在VD末期的20×10-6以下,与理论计算相符.     

酒钢SPCC钢的LF精炼脱硫

 通过热力学分析,建立了硫分配比与硫容量的关系,用热力学软件FactSage计算渣中Al2O3活度,用KTH模型计算渣的硫容量,对SPCC(一般用冷轧碳素钢薄板坯钢带)两个浇次10炉钢水在LF进站和出站时取钢、渣样以及测氧和温度,通过分析钢样和渣样成分以及生产检测数据,分析了温度、炉渣成分和钢水成分对LF精炼脱硫的影响规律。定义了硫分配比对钢液中溶解氧活度的急剧变化区(a［O］＜4×10-6),在该区内硫分配比对钢液中溶解氧活度十分敏感,钢液中氧活度的增大导致硫分配比的迅速减小,温度升高,a［O］升高,不仅抵消了升温对脱硫反应轻微的促进作用,反而使硫分配比随温度升高而减小。LF精炼过程Al-O反应未达渣-钢平衡,实际［O］活度介于平衡计算值与Al2O3活度为1的计算值之间,故渣钢硫分配比也介于二者之间。精炼渣二元碱度升高则硫分配比增加,wCaO/wAl2O3在1.6~2.0时脱硫效果较好,硫分配比并不随［Al］s含量的增加而增大,所以用增加w［Al］s来脱硫效果并不明显。钢中夹杂铝(w［Al］t-w［Al］s)降低到10×10-6以下,硫分配比明显升高。     

LF-VD高效脱硫工艺

 为了研究LF-VD精炼工艺的脱硫效果,进行了9炉工业试验。通过对BOF-LF-VD和KR-BOF-LF-VD工艺冶炼中厚板钢中硫含量和炉渣成分的分析,研究了炉渣成分和工艺参数对脱硫的影响。结果表明,采用适宜的精炼渣系,通过LF-VD精炼能把钢中硫质量分数从转炉终点200×10-6左右脱至20×10-6以下;炉渣成分[w((MgO))]=4%～7%、[w((SiO2))]=7%～11%、[w((CaO))/[w((Al2O3))+w((SiO2))]]=1.62时,实现最高硫分配比接近500;VD精炼比LF精炼钢液搅拌强烈,能进一步脱硫。研究结果对优化中厚板炉外精炼脱硫工艺具有指导意义。     

高级别管线钢超低硫控制研究

 利用光学碱度计算了1873 K时CaO SiO2 Al2O3 MgO(10%)四元精炼渣系的硫容量,从理论上分析了精炼高级别管线钢超低硫控制的工艺条件,绘制出精炼渣硫容量、渣中硫、钢中溶解氧与钢中硫的关系图。分析了某钢厂LF VD高级别管线钢生产工艺,LF1（LF炉精炼初期）、LF2（LF炉精炼末期）和VD精炼渣的氧化能力w（（MnO+FeO））分别为11.92%、2.00%和1.1０%,精炼渣碱度分别为3.195、6.250和7.600,精炼渣的曼内斯曼指数M（R/w(Al2O3）)分别为0.09、0.17和0.18,精炼渣硫容量CS′分别为0.010、0.022和0.023。钢中硫的质量分数从LF1的80×10-6,降低到LF2的（20～30）×10-6 ,并稳定在VD末期的20×10-6以下,与理论计算相符。     

100t钢包精炼渣系优化选择及应用

通过对精炼渣的熔点、组元活度、黏度、理论硫分配比的分析,研究出高吸附夹杂物能力同时兼顾脱硫能力的LF精炼渣系:w(CaO)=55%~59%,w(Al_2O_3)=27%~32%,w(SiO_2)=5%~10%,w(MgO)≤8%,w(FeO+MnO)1%。通过物料平衡计算,设计100 t钢包精炼的造渣方案,并在100 t LF精炼炉进行试验。试验结果显示,造渣方案满足新渣系的要求,同时新渣系在满足冶炼脱硫要求的情况下,其去除夹杂的能力显著提高,B类和D类夹杂物评级均在1.0级以下,成品全氧质量分数控制在0.000 6%~0.001 1%。     

新建LF的装备及其应用

介绍了梅山钢铁公司2号LF的主体设备及工艺参数,以及在生产使用中对温度、脱硫、脱氧、增氮控制的效果。经过一段时间的生产,设备运行正常,平均升温速度为3~4℃/min,温度控制精度为±5℃;能稳定批量生产成品w(S)≤20×10-6的超低硫钢,最低出站w(S)可达4×10-6左右;出站w(O)≤35×10-6;氮质量分数增量Δw(N)≤8×10-6;各项工艺技术指标均达到设计要求。     

临钢炉外精炼用合成渣的实践

临钢炼钢厂结合生产实际开发出脱硫、脱氧合成精炼渣,并能快速实现LF埋弧精炼。采用改进配比的精炼渣,能实现w(S)小于100×10-6、全氧质量分数小于20×10-6的钢种,为以后品种钢的开发积累了经验。     

极低硫X70钢的LF精炼工艺研究

 在极低硫（w(S)≤0.0020%）X70钢的生产过程中,从铁水脱硫扒渣、转炉冶炼到LF精炼各工序要严格控制,而LF精炼工艺是影响钢液深脱硫的关键因素。控制好LF精炼终渣碱度、氧化性和渣量,钢液温度和脱氧,已生产出w(S)波动在0.0004%~0.0030%范围,平均0.0014%的X70钢。     

高品质齿轮钢28MnCr5的开发

山东莱芜钢铁集团股份有限公司采用"EAF→LF→VD→CC"工艺开发了28MnCr5齿轮钢,通过精确控制钢中C、Si、S、P等元素,得到能够满足成分要求的钢水。试验结果表明:采用该工艺生产高品质汽车用28MnCr5齿轮钢铸坯w(T.O)≤15×10-6,夹杂物种类、形态和尺寸得到有效控制,淬透性满足要求。     

高硫塑料模具钢中硫稳定性控制基础研究

基于高硫塑料模具钢典型缺陷检测和MnS析出行为研究,结合热力学计算和工业试验探索了高硫塑料模具钢精炼过程硫稳定性控制手段。结果表明,MnS夹杂是裂纹产生的原因之一。MnS在1 708 K开始析出,且优先发生位错形核。MnS发生晶界形核的最快沉淀析出温度为1 573 K,并在铸坯加热过程明显长大。综合高硫塑料模具钢精炼顶渣物化性质、硫容量和硫分配比的理论研究,确定最优精炼顶渣成分范围：1.55≤(w(CaO)/w(SiO₂))≤1.7、24%≤w(Al₂O₃)≤28%、1.4≤(w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃))≤2.3、7%≤w(MgO)≤9%和2.5%≤∑w(FeO+MnO)≤4.0%。精炼顶渣成分与精炼工艺优化后,VD出站到中包钢中硫平均降低质量分数由108×10^-6减少至30×10^-6,平均Al_s损由24.9×10^-6减少至14.2×10^-6,实现了模具钢中硫稳定性...     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.