新型纳米材料制备方法问世

中科院上海硅酸盐研究所近日开发出制备氧化锌一二氧化锡复合氧化物纳米材料的简单方法。该法采用氧化锌纳米棒、四氯化锡和氢氧化钠水溶液作为反应体系，可在较低温度下实现二种氧化物的复合及形貌控制。科研人员通过控制实验条件，成功制备出氧化锌一二氧化锡复合氧化物纳米结构空心球和由纳米片组装的多级纳米结构，并对复合氧化物纳米材料的形成机理进行了探索。实验表明，氧化锌一二氧化锡复合氧化物纳米结构空心球和由纳米片组装的多级结构，     

纳米材料的特性和制备方法及应用

概述纳米材料的特性、制备方法及其应用。纳米材料具有表面与界面效应、量子尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应。纳米材料的制备方法有气相法(包括气体中蒸发法、化学气相反应法、化学气相凝聚法和溅射法)、液相法和固相法；纳米复合材料的制备方法有溶胶-凝胶法、就地合成法、层间插入法和共混法。纳米材料用于橡胶工业中可起到补强、活化、交联、灭菌、耐老化、增白、抗静电、防震等作用。     

纳米材料的结构表征方法

纳米材料是近几年最受关注的新材料之一,作为材料科学中的重要一员,以其具有的特殊的性质,已成为纳米科学技术的重要发展方向之一。本文主要介绍纳米材料的结构表征方法,从而确定纳米材料的粒度大小、化学组成、相对含量、表面形貌等,促进纳米科技的发展。     

纳米材料科技新进展

介绍了近年来纳米材料科学发展的新动向，并对纳米材料的制备的方法，表征手段，性能特点，基础理论及应用研究等方面的所取得的一些新进展作出简要评述。     

纳米材料的制备及应用概况

综述了纳米粒子的性质及纳米材料的制备和应用概况。     

锡酸锌纳米材料的制备方法及应用研究进展

锡酸锌由于具有较高的电子迁移率、稳定性、高电导率,优异的吸附性能、光学性能和阻燃抑烟性能等特性,近年来逐渐受到科研人员的关注。本文介绍了锡酸锌纳米颗粒的制备方法（水热法、化学沉淀法、固相化学合成法、微波合成法、溶胶-凝胶法、模板法等）、形貌结构（颗粒状、立方体、球形、八面体、纳米棒、片状、纳米花状等）、粒径及其在不同领域（锂电负极材料、气敏材料、电触头材料、DSSC阳极、光催化、阻燃等）的应用研究进展,分析了利用不同锡化合物原料、不同方法制备锡酸锌纳米颗粒的原理、制备条件和产品特性,指出了每种制备方法的优缺点及每种制备方法中不同结构的形成机理,以及不同结构是如何对Zn₂SnO₄相关性能产生影响的。文章指出如何高效可控制备特定形貌和晶粒尺寸的锡酸锌是锡酸锌纳米材料未来的发展方向。     

氧化锌纳米材料制备方法

氧化锌纳米材料制备方法主要有两种:一种为物理方式合成,另一种是利用化学法合成。本文主要介绍了氧化锌纳米材料的晶体结构、制备原理及相应实验方法。     

纳米材料及其应用前景

纳米材料由于其独特的表面效应，全积效应以及量子尺寸效应，使得材料的电学，力学，磁学，光学等性能产生了惊人的变化，纳米技术在精细陶瓷，化工，微电子学，生物工程，医学等领域的成功应用及其广阔的应用前景，使得纳米材料及其技术成为目前科学研究的热点之一，被认为是21世纪的又一次产业革命。     

纳米材料制备及其应用

阐述了纳米材料的特性、制备和应用.     

纳米Al_2O_3粉制备及最优工艺参数确定

以粗颗粒Al_2O_3粉为试样,采用高能球磨法制备了纳米Al_2O_3粉。实验过程中,按正交表L_9(3~4)安排了正交实验,通过正交实验方差分析确定了制备纳米Al_2O_3粉的最佳球磨时间、球磨介质和球料比,并分析了各因素对球磨过程的影响程度。     

纳米超微粒的制备及其进展

综述了近年国内外纳米超微粒的各种制备技术及其进展 ;论述了各种制备方法的原理及其特点 ;指明了纳米超微粒制备技术的发展趋向     

A novel,stretchable, silver-coated polyolefin elastomer nanofiber membrane for strain sensor applications

In this study, we prepared a novel, stretchable, and porous polyolefin elastomer (POE) nanofiber membrane (NM) on the basis of a high-throughput, low-cost, environmentally friendly melt-blending method. To obtain an excellent conductivity, we prepared the Ag–POE composite NM via a facile and effective method of electroless plating. Via the control of the pretreatment process and concentration of the reactant, a homogeneous Ag layer formed on the surface of the POE nanofibers without damaging the original thermal and mechanical properties. Because of the good stretchability, conductivity, and porosity, the Ag–POE NM was used as a strain sensor to detect the pressure and airflow. When the silver nitrate concentration was 4 g/L, a good sensitivity and durability were obtained. The current change accurately recorded the deformation of the membrane under different pressures and air flows. The results of this study provide us with an industrial method to prepare Ag–POE NM and indicate its potential application as a strain sensor for outer stimuli detection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47928.     

Controlled electrochemical synthesis of conductive nanopolypyrrole and its application in the design of a solid‐state ion sensor

A polypyrrole (PPy) conductive polymer was electrochemically synthesized from pyrrole–cupric chloride (CuCl₂)–H₂O (system A) and pyrrole–CuCl₂–sodium dodecyl sulfate–H₂O (system B). Their morphologies and growth behavior were studied, and their aggregates were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and Fourier transform infrared studies. The powder X‐ray diffraction pattern showed only one peak characteristic of PPy. In system B, the dimensions of the fractal patterns were calculated and found to be very close to the theoretical value of diffusion‐limited aggregation. Various morphological transitions were observed at different field intensities and CuCl₂ concentrations. Transmission electron spectroscopy studies revealed the formation of nanosized spherical particles 5–10 nm in size. For system B, a potassium‐ion‐selective electrode was constructed on the basis of a dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 impregnated poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane over a synthesized polymer‐modified electrode. The electrode showed Nernstian behavior with a slope of 57 mV; this revealed the potential application of the as‐synthesized material in the design of a solid‐state ion‐selective electrode. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42729.     

纳米材料制备新技术研究进展

对纳米材料制备技术的国内外最新研究进展进行了综述，对有代表性的制备技术如分子自组装、溶胶—凝胶技术、新兴物理技术等在制备纳米材料时的特点进行了评价；并对纳米材料制备技术的发展方向进行展望。     

稀土钕掺杂氧化锌纳米材料的制备及对罗丹明B的降解研究

采用直接沉淀法对纳米氧化锌做稀土掺杂改性,制备了钕掺杂纳米氧化锌,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、固体荧光光谱等测试手段对产品做了分析与表征,考察掺杂对氧化锌的物相、晶体结构、荧光性质的影响,将其应用于废水中罗丹明B的光催化降解。结果表明：钕掺杂可大幅度提高纳米氧化锌在汞灯照射下的光催化性能。随着掺杂量增加,掺杂氧化锌纳米材料的光催化降解性能逐渐升高,掺加7%（物质的量分数）钕的纳米氧化锌对罗丹明B的去除率可达89.62%。     

Preparation and characterizations of superparamagnetic iron oxide‐embedded poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) nanocarriers

The present study aims at formulating a novel multifunctional biocompatible superparamagnetic nanoparticles carrier system with homogeneously dispersed magnetic material in solid polymer matrix of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA). The nanocomposites were designed by modified suspension polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate followed by in situ coprecipitation of iron oxide inside the nanoparticle matrix yielding magnetic PHEMA (mPHEMA) nanocomposites. The so prepared nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction technique, Raman spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy confirming the presence of Fe₃O₄ inside the PHEMA nanoparticles. The magnetization studies of nanocomposites conducted at room temperature using vibrating sample magnetometer suggested for their superparamagnetic nature having saturation magnetization (Ms) of 20 emu/g at applied magnetic field of 5 kOe. Transmission electron microscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering/zeta potential measurements were also performed which revealed that size of mPHEMA nanocomposites was lying in the range of 60–300 nm having zeta potential of ?93 mV. The nanocomposites showed no toxicity as revealed by cytotoxicity test performed on L‐929 fibroblast by extract method. The results indicated that the prepared superparamagnetic mPHEMA nanocomposites have enormous potential to provide a possible option for magnetically assisted targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40791.     

Preparation and characterization of hydroxyapatite-forsterite-bioactive glass nanocomposite coatings for biomedical applications

In order to improve biological and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite, the concept of hydroxyapatite-included nanocomposite coatings was introduced. By judiciously choosing constituent ceramics for composites preparation, the biological and mechanical performance of coatings can be tailored in order to meet various clinical requirements. The aim of this work was fabrication, development and characterization of novel hydroxyapatite-forsterite-bioactive glass nanocomposite coatings. The sol-gel technique was used to prepare hydroxyapatite-forsterite-bioactive glass nanocomposite in order to apply coating on 316L stainless steel (SS) by dip coating technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were used to investigate the phase structure, microstructure and morphology of the coating. In order to evaluate the forsterite incorporation influence upon bioactivity, the changes on the surfaces of the prepared composite coatings after the predicted days of contact with simulated body fluid (SBF) were investigated by SEM. Results showed that the suitable calcined temperature for nanocomposite coatings with different amounts of forsterite was 600 °C. At this temperature, the homogenous and crack-free coating could attach to the 316L SS substrate. The crystallite sizes of the prepared coatings were lower than 100 nm. The EDX analysis of hydroxyapatite-forsterite-bioglass, coated 316L SS surface, indicated consisting elements of prepared coatings and the substrate. During immersion in the SBF at pre-determined time intervals, apatite layer was formed and stimulation for apatite formation was increased with increase in forsterite amounts. It seems that hydroxyapatite-forsterite-bioactive glass nanocomposite coatings might be good candidates for biomedical applications.     

Study on the synthesis of a macroporous ethylacrylate‐divinylbenzene copolymer,its conversion into a bi‐functional cation exchange resin and applications for extraction of toxic heavy metals from wastewater

Macroporus ethylacrylate‐divinylbenzene copolymers were synthesized by suspension polymerization using diethyl phthalate and n‐heptane as diluent. A hydrolysis study revealed that conversion of esters into carboxylic acid groups was dependent on three factors: (1) crosslinkage: increases with a decrease in crosslinkage, (2) reagent: sulfuric acid>aqueous NaOH>NaOH in a 1 : 1 water to ethylene glycol, and (3) pore volume (PV): highest when PV was ～ 0.7 mL g^?1. Sulfuric acid hydrolyzed ester to ? COOH and introduced ? SO₃H on phenyl rings, thus producing a bi‐functional resin. The functional groups were verified by IR spectroscopy and quantified by acid–base titration. The bi‐functional resin's capacity for toxic heavy metals in water samples was 12.51, 10.43, 9.43, 13.21, and 11.12 mg g^?1 for Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively and the recoveries exceeded >95% in range of pH 2–8, showing that it is suitable for water purification. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Polysulfobetaine bearing tertiary amide between counterions and its applications

Modified sulfobetaine bearing tertiary amide spacer between the counterions is synthesized and polymerized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization technique. The tertiary amide spacer influences various characteristics of the zwitterionic polymer. The modified polyzwitterion, PZI, forms coacervates in deionized water. The coacervates are thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and transmittance studies. The ability to form coacervate complexes with functional ingredients has been demonstrated by encapsulating renewable resource actives like ferulic acid. The coacervate complexes have been studied by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and automated sunscreen sun protection factor analyzer. Synergism is noticed in the coacervate complex. Because of its ability to form self‐coacervates, this novel addition to the zwitterionic family is potentially useful for encapsulating many functional ingredients through coacervate complex formation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46178.