B含量对含磷高强IF钢再结晶及织构的影响

采用氮气炉加热模拟薄板坯连铸连轧生产线罩式退火工艺,研究了不含B与含适量B的含磷高强IF钢210P1冷轧板再结晶规律;采用X射线衍射仪对不同B含量的罩式退火成品板进行了织构分析;对成品板的显微组织进行了观察并对现场生产的不同B含量钢板的r90值进行了统计。结果表明:将B含量控制在0.0005%～0.0007%时,冷轧钢板罩式退火再结晶温度与不含B的冷轧钢板基本相同,甚至再结晶更充分些,而且加适量的B可解决含磷IF钢二次加工脆性问题,成品板具有较高强度的有利织构{111}110和{111}112、较高的{111}/{100}比值以及较高的成形性能指标r90值,成品板的饼形晶粒更大。当B含量超过0.0009%时,再结晶晶粒较小且不均匀,有利织构较弱,塑性应变比r_(90)值较低。     

退火温度对高强IF钢再结晶织构及磷,硼晶界偏聚的影响

借助电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术与俄歇电子能谱仪(AES)分析了不同温度退火的含磷高强IF钢的再结晶织构、晶界特征与晶界处P、B偏聚量。结果表明:随着退火温度由750℃升高到840℃,IF钢的{111}面织构强度先增加后降低。在810℃退火120 s得到最强的{111}面织构,体积百分含量大约为75%,织构的主要组分是{111}112与{111}110。810℃退火时样品晶界处P、B偏聚量最少,重合位置点阵(CSL)晶界与小角度晶界含量较高。合理控制高强IF钢在再结晶退火温度,有利于降低P晶界偏聚量并获得强度较高的{111}面织构。     

取向硅钢初次再结晶组织结构的研究

研究了取向硅钢在初次再结晶过程中的组织和结构变化,包括晶粒长大情况、取向差、重合位置点阵(CSL)及织构的变化。研究表明,820℃盐浴再结晶退火3 s时即完成再结晶,随即发生晶粒长大。在初次再结晶的开始阶段,主要织构是{111}112、{100}110和弱的高斯织构;随着退火时间增加,{100}110织构和高斯织构逐渐减弱,{111}112织构先增强后减弱,并向{111}110和{111}231转化,退火3 min以后出现的{012}001织构是一种促进二次再结晶发展并最终有利于提高二次再结晶磁感和降低铁损的织构。退火时间增加到3 min以后,CSL的∑3晶界比例增加。退火时间增加到30 min时,CSL的∑1晶界比例增加,同时,小角度晶界比例提高,大角度晶界减少。     

Ti-IF钢罩式退火过程中再结晶织构演变规律研究

采用X射线衍射技术(XRD)和电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD),并结合微观组织观察分析了Ti-IF钢罩式退火过程中织构演变规律和{111}再结晶织构形成机制.结果表明:随退火温度的升高,再结晶量逐渐增多,{111}再结晶织构强度亦逐渐增强,同时{100}织构强度逐渐减弱.{111}取向的品粒主要在再结晶过程中形成,依靠吞并其他取向[主要是{100}取向]的晶粒而长大;并且在{111}取向品粒长大过程中,γ纤维织构之间也发生相互转化,主要由{111}<112>织构转变为{111}<110>织构;冷轧IF钢再结晶退火后具有较强的γ纤维织构,主要是"取向形核"和"取向长大"共同作用的结果,其中Σ重位晶界在再结晶γ纤维织构形成过程中起着重要作用.     

冷轧IF钢板的快速退火

采用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术对冷轧IF钢板快速退火后的再结晶晶粒尺寸、晶界特征分布和显微织构进行了研究,并测试了退火钢板的力学性能。结果表明,快速退火后,IF钢板晶粒细小且分布均匀,呈现强烈的{111}//ND再结晶织构。随缓冷时间的延长,IF钢板的再结晶晶粒无明显长大,但低能晶界的数量增加;其规定非比例延伸强度Rp0.2急剧降低,断后伸长率显著升高,抗拉强度略有下降,n值和r值变化不大。     

电场退火对IF深冲钢板塑性应变比(r值)的影响

通过拉伸实验研究了电场退火（850℃,25min）对IF深冲钢板塑性应变比（r值）的影响．结果表明,电场退火提高了IF深冲钢板的平均塑性应变比（r^-值）．这主要是由于电场退火显著增强了有利于IF深冲钢板塑性应变比的再结晶γ纤维织构{111}（uvw）的强度,同时减弱了不利于IF深冲钢板塑性应变比的再结晶α纤维织构{hkl}（110）的强度所致．     

罩式退火对低碳钢冷轧板晶界特征分布及微区取向的影响

在实验室条件下模拟CSP(Compact Strip Production)热轧板为基板生产的低碳冷轧板罩式退火过程,研究再结晶阶段加热速度对冷轧板罩式退火过程晶界特征分布的影响。结果表明,在退火过程再结晶阶段加热速度为40℃/h的试样具有均匀的饼形晶粒组织,较高比例的{111}110和{111}112取向的晶粒。加热速度为40℃/h的试样含有的Σ3、Σ9、Σ13b晶界的比例高于加热速度为30℃/h的试样,Σ11晶界的比例则低于加热速度为30℃/h的试样。Σ3晶界随相邻同类型取向的增加而增多,Σ11晶界比例低时{001}110取向晶粒比例低、Σ13b晶界比例高时{111}取向晶粒比例高。     

脱碳退火保温时间对含铌低温取向硅钢初次再结晶的影响

取向硅钢初次再结晶的组织、织构对二次再结晶过程中形成锋锐的高斯织构至关重要。利用OM与EBSD技术,对脱碳退火不同保温时间下各试样初次再结晶组织、织构和晶界的形成规律进行了研究。结果表明:采用850℃保温5 min的脱碳退火工艺,得到的初次再结晶晶粒最为均匀细小,对后续过程中形成高取向的Goss织构有利;经脱碳退火后各试样中织构主要以{111}112、{411}148织构为主,随退火时间的延长,{111}112织构先增强后减弱,{111}110织构逐渐增强;当脱碳退火保温时间为5 min时,高能晶界及大角晶界所占比例最高,在二次再结晶时有较高迁移速率,有助于最终获得锋锐的Goss织构。     

退火工艺对冷轧镀锡基板组织与性能的影响

对比分析研究镀锡基板在罩式退火和连续式退火两种工艺条件下的组织织构和力学性能。结果表明:在罩式退火条件下,随着退火温度的升高,原先冷轧α织构逐步成为再结晶态γ织构,且随着退火时间的延长γ织构逐渐增强。此外,罩式退火后,饼状的铁素体晶粒使其拥有较低的屈强比,并有良好的冷成型加工性能。而在连续式退火条件下,再结晶组织主要为等轴状铁素体晶粒,这使得连续退火后的镀锡基板屈服强度相对较高,冷成型性能相对差。但在连续退火条件下,再结晶织构{111}112和{111}110强度相差较小,这使得其塑性变形各向异性指数△r仅为0.08。     

高磁感取向硅钢轧制及热处理过程中的晶界和织构演化

采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对不同轧制和热处理态的高磁感取向硅钢的重合位置点阵(CSL)晶界和织构进行了研究。结果表明,热轧态取向硅钢截面织构呈层状分布,表层主要为{110}<001>Goss织构,1/4厚度主要为{001}<110>立方织构、{112}<111>铜型织构和{110}<001>Goss织构,而心部则形成较强的{112}<111>铜型织构、{111}<110>形变织构和{110}<001>Goss织构;常化处理后截面织构梯度变化不明显,但中心位置{112}<111>织构向{110}<001>Goss织构转变。冷轧退火态主要织构为{110}<001>Goss织构、{112}<111>织构和{111}<110>形变织构。二次再结晶后,则生成强烈的{110}<001>Goss织构。随着织构的变化,CSL晶界也发生了明显的转变。热轧态CSL重位晶界中∑3~∑29均有出现,但比例较低;常化处理后CSL重位晶界比例增加,冷轧退火后CSL晶界比例大幅提高,特别是∑3、∑7、∑9和∑15等晶界;二次再结晶后,由于CSL晶界发生了转化,CSL晶界类型减少,∑3、∑13等晶界比例增加,∑9晶界消失。     

Microstructure,texture and grain boundaries character distribution evolution of ferritic stainless steel during rolling process

In order to better understand the texture, microstructure and grain boundaries character distribution evolution of ferritic stainless steel, the texture, microstructure and grain boundaries character distribution of ferritic stainless steel (hot rolled sheet, cold rolled sheet and annealing sheet) with 11 wt%Cr content were studied using X-ray diffraction and electron back scattered diffraction technique. The texture of the hot and cold rolled sheets has a through-thickness texture gradient. In the center layer of the hot and cold rolling sheet, α-fiber texture was observed which was attributed to ideal plane strain deformation. Close to the surface a Gross orientation was detected which was attributed to shear deformation. During annealing, the γ-fiber was formed attributed to recrystallization process. The microstructure of the hot and cold rolled sheets was non-homogeneous through the sheet thickness, while, the microstructure of annealing sheets was homogeneous through the sheet thickness. Grain boundaries character distribution results show that there are many low angle grain boundaries in hot and cold rolled sheets and many high angle grain boundaries and coincidence site lattice after annealing. The above results indicated that the changes in texture are closely related to the grain boundaries type.     

退火方式及化学成分对汽车油箱用IF钢疲劳性能的影响

对比研究了不同成分体系IF钢在不同退火方式下的组织、疲劳性能与振动时间的差异。研究结果表明,油箱振动时间的长短与材料的疲劳抗力有直接的关系;连续退火的IF钢较罩式退火的疲劳抗力要优;B可以细化罩式退火IF钢的组织,提高晶界结合强度,提高疲劳抗力;罩式退火Ti IF钢中,复合添加Nb+B,细化晶粒效果和提高疲劳抗力的效果最为明显,疲劳抗力接近于连续退火的Ti IF钢。     

Comparison of precipitate behaviors in ultra-low carbon, titanium-stabilized interstitial free steel sheets under different annealing processes

Ultra-low carbon, titanium-stabilized interstitial free (ULC Ti-IF) steel sheets are widely used in the automobile industry because of excellent deep drawability. The annealing process is critical to their final property, and there are two different annealing processes used in industrial production of interstitial free (IF) steel sheets, namely batch annealing and continuous annealing. In this study, precipitation behaviors of titanium IF steels in the two annealing processes were investigated. Among the most common precipitates in titanium IF steels, that is, TiN, TiS, Ti₄(CS)₂, and TiC, the size and dispersion of TiN, TiS, and Ti₄(CS)₂ remained almost unchanged after either annealing process. Conversely, the average size of a TiC particle increased substantially after both annealing processes, while TiC after continuous annealing was larger than that after batch annealing due to the higher heating temperature of continuous annealing. Two new particles, FeTiP and (Ti, Mn)S, were also observed in the batch annealing process but not in continuous annealing. The structure of FeTiP and (Ti, Mn)S were studied, and furthermore the evolution of FeTiP precipitation was found to be closely related to recrystallization in batch annealing. Finally, the interrelation among processing parameters, precipitation behaviors, and final property was studied.     

黄铜H80大变形后热处理状态对后续轧制退火晶界特征分布的影响

采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术研究了黄铜H80大变形后热处理状态对后续轧制退火晶界特征分布的影响.结果表明:90%冷轧后在450℃退火4min能促进后续冷轧退火中特殊晶界的形成,特殊晶界比例达到69.7%.进一步通过织构(ODF)图和取向成像显微(OIM)图分析显示,大变形退火形成的RC织构有利于非共格∑3晶界的形成,依靠非共格∑3晶界反应形成∑3~n(n=1,2,3)特殊晶粒团,使一般大角晶界网络的连通性被打断,实现GBCD优化.     

Microstructure and texture characteristics of ZK60 Mg alloy processed by cyclic extrusion and compression

The microstructure and crystallographic texture characteristics of an extruded ZK60 Mg alloy subjected to cyclic extrusion and compression (CEC) up to 8 passes at 503 K were investigated. The local crystallographic texture, grain size and distribution, and grain boundary character distributions were analyzed using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results indicate that the microstructure is refined significantly by the CEC processing and the distributions of grain size tend to be more uniform with increasing CEC pass number. The fraction of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) decreases after CEC deformation, and a high fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) is revealed after 8 passes of CEC. Moreover, the initial fiber texture becomes random during CEC processing and develops a new texture.     

Optimization of grain boundary character distribution for intergranular corrosion resistant 304 stainless steel by twin-induced grain boundary engineering

The effects of process parameters, pre-strain, annealing temperature, time, etc. on grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) and intergranular corrosion in thermomechanical treatment were examined during grain boundary engineering of type 304 austenitic stainless steel. Slight pre-strain annealing at a relatively low temperature resulted in excellent intergranular corrosion resistance due to optimized GBCD, i.e. the uniform distribution of a high frequency of coincidence site lattice boundaries and consequent discontinuity of random boundary network in the material. The optimum distribution can be formed by introduction of low energy segments on migrating random boundaries during twin emission and boundary–boundary reactions in the grain growth without generation of new random boundaries.     

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 实验研究了超低碳Ti IF钢性能和析出相,结果表明：超低碳Ti IF钢具有低的屈强比、高塑性、高应变硬化性能和高成形性能,其屈强比约为0.5,抗拉强度为310 MPa,屈服强度为155 MPa,伸长率47%～50%,应变硬化指数n值为0.26～0.28,塑性应变比r值均在2.0左右,最高r值达2.25。退火织构特征均表现为较强的γ纤维织构和较弱的α纤维织构,γ纤维织构主要为{111}<110>和{111}<112>,最强点在{111}<110>处,有利的{111}取向织构使Ti IF钢具有优异的深冲性能。在超低碳钢中加入微量的Ti,形成碳化物、氮化物和氮碳化物,可以固定间隙原子（如C、N原子）,获得无间隙原子钢,同时,适量固溶Ti,能显著提高钢的深冲性能。析出相主要有Ti(N,C)及TiC ,Ti2CS, Ti3S4及很少量的AlN,而粗大稀疏的Ti2CS等析出相对晶界的钉扎力小,相应的促进了{111}再结晶织构的发展,从而获得较高的r值。     

Recrystallized microstructural evolution of UFG copper prepared by asymmetrical accumulative rolling-bonding process

Copper sheet with grain size of 30-60μm was processed by plastic deformation of asymmetrical accumulative rolling-bonding(AARB)with the strain of 3.2.The effects of annealing temperature and time on microstructural evolution were studied by means of electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD).EBSD grain mapping,recrystallization pole figure and grain boundary misorientation angle distribution graph were constructed,and the characteristics were assessed by microstructure,grain size,grain boundary misorientation and texture.The results show that ultra fine grains(UFG)are obtained after annealing at 250℃ for 30?40 min.When the annealing is controlled at 250℃for 40 min,the recrystallization is finished,a large number of small grains appear and most grain boundaries consist of low-angle boundaries.The character of texture is rolling texture after the recrystallization treatment,but the strength of the texture is faint.While second recrystallization happens,{110}1ī2+{112}11ī texture component disappears and turns into{122}212cube twin texture component.     

On misorientation distribution evolution during anisotropic grain growth

In order to study the development of texture and boundary character during annealing, three-dimensional grain crystallography and crystallographically mediated grain boundary properties were incoporated into a finite temperature Monte Carlo model for grain growth. Randomly textured microstructures evolve normally, with growth exponent n=0.96. While texture remains random, the steady-state boundary misorientation distribution favors low-angle boundaries. To first order, low-angle boundaries increase by lengthening, not by proliferating. In contrast, microstructures with a strong single-component texture develop four-grain junctions and highly curved grain boundaries, which alter evolution. The boundary misorientation distribution narrows and shifts to low angles, and no steady state is observed. The accompanying decrease in mean boundary mobility causes growth to slow, resulting in a growth exponent n=0.62. The dependence of the growth exponent on average boundary mobility may explain experimental observations of exponents less than unity.     

低碳铝镇静钢板的再结晶组织演变和CSL特征晶界分布

对64%压下率的低碳铝镇静钢板进行不同温度保温4 h试验,利用金相显微镜、维氏硬度计和电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)等手段,研究了其在再结晶过程中的显微组织、织构和晶界特征分布的演化规律。结果表明,490、580、610和730℃保温4 h后,试验钢分别处于回复、初始再结晶、完全再结晶和晶粒长大阶段;随再结晶过程的进行,有效晶粒尺寸逐渐增加,在730℃保温后达到峰值13. 6μm,晶粒均匀程度则在610℃保温后达到最高;有利的{111}[112]和{111}[110]取向织构密度值都先增加后降低,在610℃保温后都达到峰值10,形成强度很高的γ纤维织构;低ΣCSL晶界出现频率先增加后降低,在610℃保温后达到峰值11. 23%。低碳铝镇静钢再结晶过程中,取向织构和低ΣCSL晶界分布相互作用和影响,能够保证其在完全再结晶时具有高强度的γ纤维织构和高频率的低ΣCSL晶界,保证钢板具有优异的深冲性能和抗二次加工脆性性能。