短时高斯包络线性调频基自适应信号分解算法

作为一种参数化时频分析的方法,基于高斯包络线性调频基自适应信号分解的快速算法具有分辨力高、零交叉项和计算量小的优点,在信号时频分析中具有独特的优势和广阔的应用前景.然而该快速算法却存在由于采样点初值选择不当而造成分解失效的缺点,虽然后来的基于优化初值选择的自适应高斯包络线性调频基信号分解对初值选择算法进行了改进,提高了分解性能的稳定性,但仍存在较多的问题没有解决.本文将对这些问题进行研究和改进,并提出短时自适应高斯包络线性调频基信号分解算法.算法通过加短时窗来增强时频中心定位的准确性,通过控制采样基时宽来获取有效的初始方差取值范围,从而提高了分解的自适应性和稳定性.对仿真信号和语音信号的分解结果表明了该算法的有效性.     

基于优化初值选择的自适应高斯包络线性调频基信号分解

基于高斯包络线性调频基的自适应信号分解是一种分辨力高、性能优良的时频分析算法,在语音信号、地震信号、雷达信号等可以用调频类函数进行建模的信号分析中有着广阔的应用前景。该算法在四维参数空间构造和求解超越方程,得到参数的闭式解,与传统的优化算法相比大大降低了运算量。对于由高斯包络线性调频基不相交或浅相交形成的简单信号,该算法具有非常优良的分辨性能,而对由高斯包络线性调频基深相交形成的复杂信号分解存在较大误差。本文针对这一问题进行研究,指出初值选择在该算法中的重要作用,分析了得到高精度分解结果的初值条件,提出了基于优化初值选择的高斯包络线性调频基自适应信号分解算法。通过在局部信号粗时频平面中搜索最优初值,结合自适应分解中建立和求解超越方程的方法得到参数闭式解,提高了分解精度,同时降低了运算量。对仿真信号及语音信号的分解效果验证了改进后算法的有效性和准确性。     

一种新的信号分解算法及其在机动目标ISAR成像中的应用

本文首先提出一种新的信号分解算法——修正自适应Chirplet分解算法,将Chirplet基函数推广到非线性调频信号的形式,克服了传统自适应Chirplet分解对复杂信号逼近程度不高的缺点.然后提出单分量基函数参数估计的一种实用算法和基于CLEAN思想的多分量信号分解方法,并将其应用于机动目标的ISAR成像中,进一步提高了成像质量,外场实测数据成像结果验证了本文方法的有效性.     

基于调幅—线性调频信号参数估计的机动目标成像方法

逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）机动目标成像受到了研究者的广泛重视。在已有的机动目标成像算法中,通常假设在综合孔径处理期间,各距离单元内各散射回波是等幅线性调频信号。在实际中,以上假设仅是近似成立,基于此假设的机动成像算法难以得到较高质量的目标图像。本文采用更精确的信号模型－多分量调幅－线性调频（AM－LFM）信号表示实际机动目标的各距离单元回波,并提出一种AM－LFM信号参数估计方法以及快速算法,通过估计信号的时变振幅、调频率和初相等参数,得到了更高质量的机动目标的动态ISAR像序列,以利于目标识别,而且运算量比已有算法要小。     

ISAR机动目标的平动补偿和瞬时成像研究

机动目标成像近年来受到广泛注意.本文首先讨论平动补偿,它通常可以分解为两步进行──包络对齐和自聚焦,分析表明,针对平稳目标的包络对齐方法仍然适用于机动目标,而根据相干积累原理,已有的自聚焦方法从理论上和实际上都不是最优的,我们提出适用于机动目标和平稳目标的迭代相干积累自聚焦(ICSA)算法,PGA(相位梯度算法)是ICSA算法的一个特例; 然后,本文讨论机动目标的瞬时成像,它实际上是一个瞬时谱估计问题,已有的一些瞬时成像方法只适用于散射点子回波为线性调频信号(多普勒分布为直线).针对时频分布为非直线的情况,我们提出用自适应窗短时chirplet分解方法估计信号的瞬时频率和瞬时幅度,并结合"洁净"技术,提出了快速自适应窗短时chirplet分解成像(ACDI)算法.实测数据的处理表明本文提出ICSA算法和ACDI算法是有效的.     

基于线性调频步进ISAR参数估计和成像算法研究

本文在建立了线性调频步进ISAR回波信号模型的基础上,对线性调频步进ISAR信号特性进行了分析,指出径向速度和加速度将严重影响线性调频步进ISAR成像;因此,为了得到更好的ISAR图像,本文提出了一种新的基于线性调频步进ISAR的成像方法,充分利用距离时域包络和方位多普勒信息对径向速度和加速度进行精确的估计,同时在数据中对运动参数加以补偿,并最终实现方位多普勒成像;而且,该方法还适用于较低信噪比情况下的ISAR成像;在最后,本文给出了线性调频步进ISAR成像的详细步骤,并用不同信噪比的仿真数据验证了本文所提出方法的可行性。     

基于运动参数估计的ISAR成像算法研究

在逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像算法中,目标的运动参数补偿对成像质量有很大影响。针对线性调频步进信号的ISAR成像算法进行研究,通过质量重心法对目标的速度和加速度进行粗估计,用多普勒法和最小熵法对运动参数进行修正,得到更精确的速度和加速度,并对回波包络进行补偿,最终实现ISAR成像。     

采用二阶Keystone变换的机动目标ISAR成像算法

针对具有复杂运动的机动目标在相干成像时间内产生的一阶距离徙动和二阶距离徙动的问题,本文提出了基于二阶keystone变换的二维ISAR成像算法。文章首先结合去调频接收机技术,建立并分析了机动目标的回波信号模型,并对回波信号使用二阶keystone变换以去除二阶距离徙动。然后,采用分数阶傅里叶变换（FrFT）估计二阶keystone变换后新生成的二次相位项的调频斜率,并依此补偿该二次相位项。对补偿后的回波信号再次使用二阶keystone变换去除一阶距离徙动。最后,对回波信号使用2D FFT获取机动目标的高分辨2D ISAR图像。数值仿真和实测数据成像结果验证了本算法的有效性。      

联合时频分析和谱估计的机动目标ISAR成像

机动目标逆合成孔径雷达(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar,ISAR)成像中,在对目标回波进行平动补偿之后,每一个包含目标散射点的距离单元的回波都可以表示为多分量的线性调频信号.鉴于机动目标散射点多普勒频率的时变特性,传统的距离-多普勒(Range Doppler,RD)算法获得的机动目标...     

基于线性调频信号的ISAR成像仿真

逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)是一种高分辨率的微波成像系统,它能够对运动目标进行精确成像.现介绍了线性调频信号,论述了ISAR成像的数学模型,并对ISAR成像的原理进行了详细的介绍,然后将线性调频信号应用于ISAR成像模型中,最后建立仿真平台,实现了对目标的成像.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.