取代苯胺对含烯丙基的苯并恶嗪的性能影响

以甲基苯胺和苯胺与多聚甲醛、烯丙基双酚A合成了含烯丙基的苯并恶嗪(BA),采用红外及核磁氢谱对其结构进行了表征。其与单官能度苯并恶嗪(PAF)在溶液中共混并加热固化。通过DSC,TGA及DMA对BA及共混物、固化物的热性能进行了研究。结果表明,BA固化峰值温度>250℃,与PAF共混后固化温度下降,且随PAF加入量的增加而下降。共混后固化后热稳定性较好,其中含间位取代苯胺的烯丙基苯并恶嗪与PAF共混树脂的热稳定和弯曲强度最高,热失重5%和10%时的温度分别为308℃、384℃,玻璃化转变温度为171℃,弯曲强度24 MPa。     

腰果酚型/二胺型苯并恶嗪共混体系的性能研究

将腰果酚型苯并恶嗪(BOZ-Y)和二胺型苯并恶嗪(BOZ-M)按照不同的质量比进行溶液共混,并固化制备浇铸体。通过凝胶时间、粘度测试及DSC,DMA和TGA分析对产物性能进行了研究。结果表明:BOZ-Y的加入降低了BOZ-M树脂的粘度,改善了其加工工艺性。随着BOZ-Y树脂用量的增加,树脂共混体系的DSC固化反应峰值温度向低温方向移动,固化热焓呈减少趋势;而共混体系的力学性能、Tg,热失重温度及残炭率随之下降。     

三氟甲磺酸金属盐对苯并恶嗪固化及性能影响

采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)、原位红外分析(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和热失重法(TGA)研究了三氟甲磺酸金属(铝、镱、镧)盐对双酚A-苯胺型苯并恶嗪树脂固化反应和耐热性能的影响。结果表明,加入三氟甲磺酸金属盐后,苯并恶嗪树脂的固化温度明显降低,但其固化反应活化能却有一定程度的提高。苯并恶嗪可在较低温度下开环,形成苯胺对位Mannich桥、酚羟基邻位Mannich桥、苯胺对位亚甲基桥和酚羟基邻位亚甲基桥4种结构。此外,添加了催化剂的固化产物由于少量C=N键端基存在导致了其分解温度降低。但由于亚甲基桥连接2个苯环,在热降解过程中容易形成较为致密的炭层,最终导致固化产物的残炭量有所提升。     

苯并恶嗪改性酚醛树脂模塑料的研究

合成了单环苯并恶嗪树脂(BZ),利用不同的维纶短纤维对苯并恶嗪/酚醛树脂(PF)共混体系进行增强.采用傅立叶红外光谱、核磁共振对BZ的结构进行了表征,采用差示扫描量热研究了共混体系的固化行为,并对模塑料的力学性能、热性能等进行了研究.结果表明,PF降低了BZ的固化温度,共混树脂体系具有良好的工艺性,共混树脂体系各项性能...     

金属盐对聚苯并恶嗪热稳定性的影响及机理

将无水CuCl2、无水AlCl3、无水FeCl3、无水MnCl2,无水MgCl2和无水ZnCl2加入到双酚A-苯胺型聚苯并恶嗪中,通过红外光谱(FTIR),核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR),热失重分析(TGA)和元素分析等手段,研究了加入金属盐对聚苯并恶嗪热稳定性的影响及作用机理。结果表明,加入金属盐后聚苯并恶嗪的热稳定性均有不同程度的提高。无水MnCl2、无水ZnCl2和无水MgCl2配位能力较弱,苯并恶嗪主要发生热固化反应生成酚羟基邻位Mannich桥结构。无水CuCl2、无水AlCl3和无水FeCl3配位能力较强,能催化苯并恶嗪生成较多的苯胺对位Mannich桥结构。正是固化物中较多的苯胺对位连接结构,有效抑制了高温下苯胺衍生物的形成和挥发,从而赋予了聚苯并恶嗪更高的热稳定性。     

酚醛改性苯并(噁)嗪树脂耐烧蚀材料的研究

对不同组成苯并口恶嗪/酚醛共混树脂体系进行了研究,内容包括共混树脂的反应动力学参数计算、共固化机理、热分解动力学以及耐烧蚀性能等。结果表明:酚醛与苯并口恶嗪树脂共混后可以改变苯并口恶嗪的固化机理,酚醛树脂的加入使口恶嗪分子由热开环变为活泼氢开环,在较低温度下就可以反应,降低了固化反应温度。同时共混树脂可以使固化过程收缩率和小分子挥发物比传统的酚醛树脂低,可以减少烧蚀试样的表面裂纹,致密的碳化层具有一定附着强度,提高了共混树脂烧蚀性能。该共混体系可以作为宇航领域中1种性能优良的耐烧蚀树脂体系。     

硅氧烷杂化苯并恶嗪及其耐高温复合材料

合成了硅氧烷杂化苯并恶嗪热固性树脂(SiBOZ),对其分子结构、热固化过程和层压复合材料的力学性能与耐热性能进行了表征。结果表明:SiBOZ较双酚A型苯并恶嗪粘度低,固化区间相近,固化峰值高(约为246.5℃)。SiBOZ固化物900℃的残炭率为53%,远高于双酚A型苯并恶嗪的残炭率31%。SiBOZ石英布增强层压板复合材料的室温弯曲强度(512 MPa)比双酚A型苯并恶嗪(812 MPa)低,但随着温度升高弯曲强度的衰减要慢得多,300℃时SiBOZ复合材料弯曲强度保持率37.2%,而双酚A型苯并恶嗪复合材料仅保持5.7%、接近失效。     

含苯并恶嗪及联苯结构双邻苯二甲腈共聚树脂

将联苯结构的双邻苯二甲腈树脂(4,4'-二-3,4-二腈基苯氧基联苯,简称BPH)熔融后与含有苯并恶嗪单元的双邻苯二甲腈树脂(简称BZ-BPH)共混。通过示差扫描量热法(DSC)、流变测试研究了共混树脂的固化工艺性能,通过热重分析(TGA)研究了共混树脂固化物的耐热性能。此外采用SEM观察了浇注样的断面结构。结果表明,通过调节BZ-BPH的加入量可实现对固化工艺的调控。经过240℃/4 h+280℃/4 h+320℃/4 h+375℃/6 h的固化,产物在空气和氮气下5%热失重温度均高于500℃(高于BPH固化物)。BZ-BPH与BPH之间共聚形成了均相的交联网络。     

含双DOPO的双酚A-单苯并(口恶)嗪合成、表征及其与环氧树脂共聚物的阻燃性能

以含双DOPO-双酚A、苯胺和多聚甲醛为原料,合成了含双DOPO的双酚A-单苯并(口恶)嗪(1DD)。采用红外、核磁(氢谱核磁和碳谱核磁)等分析手段对1DD的化学结构进行了表征;采用DSC对1DD的固化特性进行研究,使用TG分析了所得聚苯并(口恶)嗪的热稳定性。再将1DD与环氧树脂以0.5/1的质量比进行共混,按照一定的程序进行升温固化,得到共聚物P1DD-ER。采用UL94垂直燃烧实验、极限氧指数仪(LOI)测试了共聚物的阻燃性能。结果表明:含双DOPO的双酚A-单苯并(口恶)嗪树脂的起始熔点约为185℃,在222℃处有一个很明显的放热峰。固化后的树脂从348℃开始分解,在463℃分解速率达到最快,在800℃时的残碳率为35.78%。制备的苯并(口恶)嗪可以用作环氧树脂的固化剂,且其共聚物具有很好的阻燃性能,LOI可以达到37,UL94等级为V-0。     

液态聚硫橡胶改性苯并噁嗪树脂的研究

为了提高苯并嗯嗪树脂的性能,使用液态聚硫橡胶对苯并嗯嗪树脂进行了改性研究。实验将不同配比的聚硫橡胶与苯并嚼嗪树脂进行共混并固化,利用傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、动态热机械分析仪（DMTA）分析了共混体系的结构、固化行为和玻璃化转变,测定了共混体系的热失重和冲击强度,分析比较了不同聚硫橡胶含量共混体系的结构、热性能和力学性能。结果表明改性苯并嗯嗪树脂的热性能和力学性能均得到不同程度的改善。得出如下结论：使用液态聚硫橡胶改性苯并嗯嗪树脂时,当聚硫橡胶加入量为5份（苯并嗯嗪树脂为100质量份）时,得到的改性树脂和纯嗯嗪树脂相比,韧性和热稳定性有显著提高,玻璃化转变温度也略有提高,复合材料的综合性能最好。     

同分异构双酚F型苯并噁嗪的研究

分别以同分异构体混合型双酚F和对位双酚F为原料,通过溶液法制备出双酚F型苯并噁嗪。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)、动态热力学分析(DMA)和热重分析(TGA)对2种双酚F型苯并噁嗪中间体的结构、固化行为及其固化物的性能进行了研究。结果表明双酚F中的同分异构体对苯并噁嗪的性能存在影响。对位双酚F型苯并噁嗪的成环率、固化物耐热性和热稳定性均高于同分异构混合双酚F型苯并噁嗪。     

Dielectric and thermal properties of polymer network based on bismaleimide resin and cyanate ester containing dicyclopentadiene or dipentene. III

A series of bismaleimide‐triazine (BT) resins were prepared from commercial bismaleimide (DDMBMI) and 2,6‐dimethylphenol‐dicyclopentadiene dicyanate ester (DCPDCY) or 2,6‐dimethylphenol‐dipentene dicyanate ester (DPCY). The thermal properties of cured BT resins containing DCPD or DP were studied using a dielectric analyzer (DEA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). These data were compared with that of DDMBMI cured with bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCY). The cured DDMBMI/DCPDCY or DDMBMI/DPCY exhibits a lower dielectric constant, dissipation factor, and moisture absorption than those of DDMBMI/BADCY. The effects of blend composition on the glass transition temperatures and thermal stability are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1942–1951, 2007     

Dielectric and thermal behaviors of fluorine‐containing dianhydride‐modified polybenzoxazine: A molecular design flexibility

Fluorine‐containing copolybenzoxazines were successfully prepared by reacting bisphenol‐AF/aniline‐based benzoxazine resin (BAF‐a) with 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) in N,N‐dimethylacetamide solvent. The dielectric and thermal properties as well as flexibility of the resulting copolymer films were investigated. The incorporation of fluorine groups into polybenzoxazine was found to substantially decrease the dielectric constant of the resulting copolybenzoxazine to as low as 2.6. The formation of ester linkages between the hydroxyl groups in the poly(BAF‐a) and the carbonyl groups in the 6FDA resulted in substantially enhanced flexibility of the copolybenzoxazines. Moreover, the copolymers showed superior degradation temperature and significant improvement in char yield, up to 464 °C and 56%, respectively. The glass‐transition temperature of the copolybenzoxazines was increased with increasing dianhydride content and exhibited a maximum value of 290 °C at 2.5/1 mole ratio of poly(BAF‐a) to 6FDA. Therefore, the fluorine‐containing dianhydride‐modified polybenzoxazines are appropriate for applications as polymeric films for coatings and as a good electrical insulation material with high thermal resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45204.     

Synthesis of liquid–crystalline benzoxazines containing a biphenyl group in the mesogenic moiety

In this work, we describe a process to synthesize novel liquid–crystalline (LC) benzoxazines from a LC phenol that contains biphenyl, ester and azomethine groups in the mesogenic moiety, various alkyl amines and formaldehyde. The LC behavior of the biphenyl-containing benzoxazines was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy and compared with analogous phenyl-containing LC benzoxazines containing phenyl, ester and azomethine groups in the mesogenic moiety. While the LC benzoxazines containing the phenyl groups only exhibited a nematic phase upon heating, the LC benzoxazines containing biphenyl groups exhibited a smectic phase as well as a nematic phase. Additionally, the LC-isotropic transition temperatures were over 100 °C higher than that for the phenyl-containing LC benzoxazines. A film obtained by curing the biphenyl-containing LC benzoxazine at 180 °C for 1 h exhibited birefringence. Finally, the thermal diffusivity of the cured LC benzoxazines was also investigated.     

Flame retardancy and dielectric properties of dicyclopentadiene‐based benzoxazine cured with a phosphorus‐containing phenolic resin

A dicyclopentadiene‐based benzoxazine (DCPDBZ) was prepared and separately copolymerized with melamine–phenol formaldehyde novolac or phosphorus‐containing phenolic resin (phosphorus‐containing diphenol) at various molar ratios. Their curing behaviors were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The electrical properties of the cured resins were studied with a dielectric analyzer. The glass‐transition temperatures were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. The thermal stability and flame retardancy were determined by thermogravimetric analysis and a UL‐94 vertical test. These data were compared with those of bisphenol A benzoxazine and 4,4′‐biphenol benzoxazine systems. The effects of the diphenol structure and cured composition on the dielectric properties, moisture resistance, glass‐transition temperature, thermal stability, and flame retardancy are discussed. The DCPDBZ copolymerized with phosphorus‐containing novolac exhibited better dielectric properties, moisture resistance, and flame retardancy than those of the melamine‐modified system. The flame retardancy of the cured benzoxazine/phosphorus‐containing phenolic resins increased with increasing phosphorus content. The results indicate that the bisphenol A and 4,4′‐biphenol systems with a phosphorus content of about 0.6% and the dicyclopentadiene system with a phosphorus content of about 0.8% could achieve a flame‐retardancy rating of UL‐94 V‐0. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Crystallization,dispersion behavior and the induced properties through forming a controllable network in the crosslinked polyester‐SiO2 nanocomposites

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of two types of benzoxazine monomers based on phenol or bisphenol, aniline, and formaldehyde. Their characterization was achieved by Fourier transform infrared, ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Lignin polymer was characterized by infrared, DSC, and TGA. The curing behavior of mixtures of benzoxazine monomers and lignin was investigated by DSC. The mass ratios of benzoxazine monomers/lignin of a series of samples were 100 : 0, 95 : 05, 90 : 10, 85 : 15, 80 : 20, 75 : 25, and 70 : 30. The results indicate that the maximum curing temperatures of the mixtures were lower than that of the pure benzoxazine monomers, and that they decreased with increasing contents of lignin in the mixture. The heat of polymerization (ΔH) of the benzoxazine monomers and lignin mixtures as a function of the mass ratio and the structure of the benzoxazine monomers shows no definite trend. The samples were cured according to the following conditions: 170°C/2h + 200°C/2h and analyzed by DSC and TGA. In all the samples, the glass transition temperature of the benzoxazines increased upon mixing with increasing amounts of lignin. The changes may be due to the formation of a more compact network structure in the mixtures. The thermal stability of the isothermally cured resins is found to be dependent on the mass ratio of benzoxazine/lignin and structure of the benzoxazine monomers. The more lignin in the mixture, the higher is the char yield in the mixture. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

High‐performance maleimide and nitrile‐functionalized benzoxazines with good processibility for advanced composites applications

A maleimide and 2‐aminobenzonitrile (MIan) based benzoxazine has been synthesized and characterized. This benzoxazine has maleimide and nitrile functionalities that can polymerize, resulting in a highly crosslinked material. Incorporation of the imide group increases the shear viscosity compared to monofunctional benzoxazines but not as high as difunctional benzoxazines, allowing good processibility, while maintaining excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Catalysts, epoxy copolymerization, and rubber interlayer methods are utilized to optimize the composite properties. The 60% carbon cloth‐reinforced resin has achieved the flexural strength over 1 GPa. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 548–558, 2006