火车车轮预成形过程的有限元分析

本文通过大变形弹塑性有限元热力耦合的方法 ,模拟计算了火车车轮预成形过程。分析了摩擦状态对车轮锻压变形过程的影响。进一步证实了成形坯在变形过程中存在分流面的理论。得到了车轮预成形过程各工步等效应变分布     

车轮轮辐中心孔翻边工艺参数优化

4J× 12汽车车轮轮辐中心孔是典型的轴对称翻边件 ,采用计算机仿真技术分析其成形过程 ,并对其成形区的应力、应变分布规律进行探讨 ,对影响翻边成形的关键参数———冲模斜角进行了优化     

火车车轮卧式轧制热力耦合有限元模拟分析

车轮轧制是采用压轧工艺生产整体车轮的一个重要工步。目前,车轮成形工艺的研究主要集中在预成形及辐板弯曲等工步,对于轧制工艺研究相对较少。该文结合车轮卧式轧制原理及特点,在有限元分析软件ABAQUS中建立了车轮七辊卧式轧制的三维热力耦合有限元分析模型。根据有限元模拟结果,探讨了车轮轧制过程中,轮坯表面金属流动规律,轮坯应力、应变及温度的分布和变化规律,以及轧制力能参数的大小及变化。研究结果为车轮卧式轧制的有限元模拟分析和生产实践提供了一定的参考。     

火车车轮成形工艺研究及有限元模拟

介绍了火车车轮的成形工艺。采用有限元模拟了车轮成形工艺的镦粗和预成形工步，得出变形过程中材料的流动规律、工件内部的应变场和温度场等信息。通过多次模拟镦粗压下量对预成形的影响，确定了最佳的镦粗压下量。这些信息为变形过程的控制提供了理论依据。     

火车车轮S形辐板成形研究

借助商业有限元软件MSC/Superform,数值模拟了车轮压弯成形过程。研究了车轮S形辐板成形过程金属流动规律,得到了S形辐板截面变形分布,为S形辐板车轮成形工艺设计提供依据。     

采用Deform-3D对5083铝合金车轮锻造过程的模拟研究

利用Deform-3D有限元仿真软件,实现了5083铝合金车轮模锻件在预锻、终锻整个成形过程的数值模拟,分析了预锻、终锻过程中应力和应变分布、载荷计算、材料流动速度及温度场的变化情况,为模具及成形设备的设计提供了可靠依据。经生产实践验证表明,预锻模和终锻模设计合理,锻压工艺适宜。     

火车车轮S形辐板成形研究

借助商业有限元软件MSC／Superform。数值模拟了车轮压弯成形过程。研究了车轮S形辐板成形过程金属流动规律，得到了S形辐板截面变形分布，为S形辐板车轮成形工艺设计提供依据。     

火车车轮制造优化新工艺数值模拟

开发出二维非稳态刚粘塑性有限元计算软件ＲＶＰＦＥＭ，分析了火车车轮锻造中预锻和终锻两个工步的成形过程，给出各主要变形场量的分布。并实现成形过程数值模拟的屏幕动态显示。在搞清车轮成形过程金属流动规律的基础上，优选工艺参数和模具结构，研究出火车车轮成形的最佳工艺流程。     

棒料弯曲成形弹塑性有限元分析

基于弹塑性有限变形理论，采用ＵｐｄａｔｅｄＬａｇｒａｎｇｅ描述建立了用于棒料弯曲成形分析的弹塑性有限元数学模型，给出了各向同性金属材料的弹塑性本构方程；基于最小二乘法的原理，得出了材料的真实应力与应变曲线，介绍了应变能密度准则在模拟金属材料弯曲成形过程中的应用。获得了棒料弯曲成形过程的应力、应变分布以及整个变形历史。     

棒料弯曲成形弹塑性有限元分析

基于弹塑性有限变形理论，采用ｐｄａｔｅｄ Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ描述建立了用于棒料弯曲成形分析的弹塑性有限元数学模型，给出了各向同性金属材料的弹塑性本构方程，基于最小二乘法的原理，得出了材料的真实应力与应变曲线，介绍了应变能密度准则在模拟金属材料弯曲成形过程中的应用。获得了棒料弯曲成形过程的应力，应变分布以及整个变形历史。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.