基于WMPLS的无线自组网组播路由机制

将多协议标签交换(MPLS)技术与无线自组网组播机制相结合可以把MPLS在分组转发以及支持服务质量、流量工程等方面的技术优势引入到无线自组网组播路由协议设计中,具此提出了一种基于MPLS技术的组播协议设计方案——标签交换转发组播协议(Label-Switching Forwarding multicast routing protocol,以下简称LSF组播协议)。     

MPLS网络中的可扩展QoS组播研究

MPLS网络中的服务质量组播面临着组播路由状态的可扩展性、服务质量支持困难等瓶颈.针对这些问题,提出一种基于子树共享的新型MPLS服务质量组播方案.本文的贡献有:提出一种组播组到组播分发子树的映射算法,将多个组映射到同一颗子树,以共享的子树为基础构造完整的组播分发树,从而有效地减少MPLS核心网络中的路由状态;将服务质量的考量引入组播分发树的构造过程中,使新的方案能够支持服务质量组播;提出一种简单方便的子树共享实现机制.模拟结果表明,基于子树共享的新型MPLS服务质量组播方案能够有效地减少组播路由状态并提供多种服务质量控制的能力.     

多媒体组播协议分析及其实现

从IP网络多媒体组播协议体系结构出发，在网络协议，传输协议和应用协议方面，讨论组播协议的特点，功能和实现方法，在传输层讨论RTP／RTCP协议的设计原则，以适用于IP上的视频会议；在应用层讨论设计组播服务器时相关的协议及产品；在网络层由实现了IGMP的路由器组成Mbone，组播用户通过IGMP加入组播组，以达到合理利用网络带宽，并给出实例，组播技术还在继续发展，IGMP协议的V3版IGMPV3在线路由 器的层次上提供了对源路由组播的支持。     

在多协议标签交换组播中应用合并组播树

引入一种新的MPLS(多协议标签交换)组播实现方案——MPLS合并组播树，讨论了采用MPLS合并组播树在减少组播控制费用、故障恢复延迟、标签数等方面给MPLS组播带来的高效性，量化分析表明，采用MPLS合并组播树可以有效解决MPLS组播存在的标签数不足问题。     

基于MPLS的移动IP组播技术的研究

文中介绍了MPLS(多协议标签交换)网络与移动IP网络以及IP组播相结合的技术,设计了一种适合移动节点通过隧道传输组播数据的技术。介绍了MPLS网络的网络体系结构,一些重要的概念,如标签以及转发原理。讲述了移动IP组播技术的基本原理和相关知识,指出了其存在的不足之处。着重研究了移动IP和组播技术相结合的技术途径。给出了一种基于MPLS的移动IP组播的技术设计方案,具体描述了相关的实现方法。并在NS2环境下进行了仿真实验,验证了改进算法的正确性和有效性。     

MPLS宽带网络技术及其标准化新进展

一、引言多协议标签交换(MPLS),是IETF综合选路和交换问题研究工作组提出的一项IP领域的新技术。多协议不仅是指MPLS可支持多种网络层协议(如 IP、IPX等),而且MPLS可运行于多种链路层技术(如 ATM、FR、Ethernet、LAN等)之上。但由于MPLS的产生源于对IPOA技术的改进,因此MPLS的网络层主要针对IP协议。MPLS采用集成模型,将第三层的IP选路和寻址功能与第二层的高速数据交换相结合,兼备了硬件交换和现有选路方式的优势。当分组进入MPLS网络时,首先由入口路由器为分组划分转发等价类(FEC),然后利用标签分发协议(LDP)和路由协议(如OSPF、IGRP等)为FEC建立起标签交换路径,在分组头部插入标签信息;在网络内部,标签交换路由器(LSR)只需依据分组所携     

高性能路由器组播协议实现技术研究

网络流媒体等新型应用的快速发展对路由器具备组播功能提出了迫切需求.针对如何在基于网络处理器的路由器中高效地实现组播协议进行了研究.在路由器标准功能软件基础上实施扩展,提出了IGMP和PIM等组播协议实现的软件结构,利用网络处理器灵活可编程性与高性能的优点,对其关键技术进行了设计和实现.协议测试结果表明,该路由器组播协议系统运行效果良好,最后,展望了IP组播技术发展.     

MPLS中组播技术的研究与展望

现有IP组播路由协议在MPLS中会碰到一些问题,文中先介绍了几种目前提出的在MPLS中支持组播的方案,对它们的工作原理和优缺点做了较详细的分析和比较,并对今后还需要改进的方面进行了论述。     

基于受限泛播技术的可伸缩性QoS组播路由协议

随着远程会议、远程教育和交互式仿真等分布式多媒体应用的兴起,组播技术受到网络研究人员的重视.而这些应用的QoS(quality of service)需求又进一步推动了QoS敏感的组播路由协议的发展.在已提出的各种QoS组播路由协议中,如何提高呼叫成功率、增强规模伸缩性、降低控制报文开销,仍然是一个有待探索的问题.提出了一个新的QoS组播路由协议,其基本思想是使路由器只存储其两层邻居节点的可达性信息以及链路的QoS状态信息,以减少路由器存储开销,提高协议的规模伸缩性(scalability).协议采用受限的泛播技术,构造了一个接受节点发起的、采用多路径技术的、分布式路由算法.描述了协议的数据结构、组播树的构造算法,并给出了模拟实验结果.分析表明,基于受限泛播技术的组播路由协议具有节点存储开销小、呼叫接收成功率高等特点.虽然该协议付出了泛播引起的额外带宽开销较大的代价,但是由于协议所需要的控制数据总量不大,加上两层存储结构在一定程度上限制了泛播通信量,因此该方案具有很好的性能.     

支持QoS的层次组播路由算法框架QHMR

Internel规模的迅速扩大使QoS组播路由的复杂性增加．为此，该文提出了支持QoS的层次组播路由算法框架QHMR(QoS-based Hierarchical Multicast Routing)．在HMR(Hierarchical Multlcast Routing)层次划分的基础上，QHMR对网络的拓扑结构、带宽和组播树分布信息三者的聚集方法进行了定义，并设计了适用于层次网络的支持QoS的组播路由算法．实验结果表明，QHMR能显著减少路由器维护的信息以及路由器之间交换的协议分组，具有良好的可扩展性；同时，较之平面QoS组播路由。QHMR能够得到较理想的路由成功率和组播树代价。     

Traffic Engineered Multicast Content Delivery Without MPLS Overlay

Multicast traffic engineering (TE) has recently attracted significant attention given the emergence of point-to-multipoint multimedia content delivery over the Internet. Existing multicast resource provisioning solutions tend to use explicit-routing based TE with multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) tunnels. In this paper, we shift away from this overlay approach and address native IP multicast traffic engineering based on link state routing protocols. The objective is that, through plain protocol independent multicast-sparse mode (PIM-SM) shortest path routing with optimized multitopology IGP (MT-IGP) link weights, the resulting multicast trees are geared towards minimal consumption of bandwidth resources. We apply genetic algorithms (GA) to the calculation of optimized MT-IGP link weights that specifically cater for engineered PIM-SM routing with statistical bandwidth guarantees in multimedia content delivery. Our evaluation results show that GA-based multicast traffic engineering consumes significantly less bandwidth in comparison to conventional IP approaches while also exhibiting higher service availability     

Multiprotocol label switching and IP. Part 2. Multicast virtual private networks

For pt.1 see ibid., vol.9, no.3, p.68-72 (2005). Part I of this series discussed a solution for running multiprotocol label switching virtual private networks (MPLS VPNs) across a service provider's native IP network. Yet, MPLS VPNs support only unicast routing, whereas many of the enterprise customers that use the service run applications that require IP multicast. This article examines multicastVPN (mVPN), which provides the ability to support IP multicast across MPLS VPNs. Service providers can thus offer IP VPN services that support unicast and multicast applications.     

MD方案组播VPN技术分析

组播VPN是一项在BGPMPLSVPN中支持组播业务的技术,该技术在各站点之间建立组播IP隧道,通过对私网内组播报文的封装完成在各站点之间传送组播数据的功能。     

主动层次多目通信路由模型

许多应用需要IP多目通信.在Internet大规模应用IP Multicast时,有效的路由是关键.这样的多目路由协议必须是有效的、可伸缩的和增量可配置的.但是传统的Internet路由对性能是不敏感的,不能平衡负载和处理拥塞.现有的大多数多目通信路由协议不仅负责数据转发,还负责路由树的构造,这给路由器带来了极大的复杂性,而且协议的配置是手动的、费时费钱的工作.该文提出一个主动层次式Multicast路由的体系结构,采用主动网络技术将多目通信路由协议的数据转发和控制机制分开,根据链路的状态信息用主动报文控     

Multicast communication in multicomputer networks

Efficient routing of messages is a key to the performance of multicomputers. Multicast communication refers to the delivery of the same message from a source node to an arbitrary number of destination nodes. While multicast communication is highly demanded in many applications, most of the existing multicomputers do not directly support this service; rather it is indirectly supported by multiple one-to-one or broadcast communications, which result in more network traffic and a waste of system resources. The authors study routing evaluation criteria for multicast communication under different switching technologies. Multicast communication in multicomputers is formulated as a graph theoretical problem. Depending on the evaluation criteria and switching technologies, they study three optimal multicast communication problems, which are equivalent to the finding of the following three subgraphs: optimal multicast path, optimal multicast cycle, and minimal Steiner tree, where the interconnection of a multicomputer defines a host graph. They show that all these optimization problems are NP-complete for the popular 2D-mesh and hypercube host graphs. Heuristic multicast algorithms for these routing problems are proposed     

MPLS技术及其发展趋势

多协议标签交换使用定长的标签来引导数据高速传输和交换。MPLS,实现了增强的流量工程和负载均衡,为服务供应商和企业改善整体网络管理、更好地利用可用带宽提供了技术支持。MPLS技术为传输网和光网络、支持移动IP、以及在无线移动通信网的发展中提供了重要解决方案     

IP网络QoS体系性能的研究

MPLS流量工程通过优化IP网络资源的使用以提高网络性能,同时结合约束路由和面向连接的标记交换路径提供了端到端的QoS保障。在网络上层,DiffServ和MPLS相结合,DiffServ将业务分类、整形、聚合,MPLS再将处理过的数据转换成不同的标签进行转发。在网络底层,MPLS与WDM光网络技术相结合,从而实现更快、更智能的数据传送。     

Minimization of Multicast Traffic and Ensuring Its Fault Tolerance in Software-Defined Networks

In recent years, the widespread TCP/IP computer network model has been replaced by the software-defined network model, where the control plane is separated from the data plane and is logically centralized. The new model requires a revision of traditional network control protocols. One group of such revised protocols consists of multicast routing protocols. In this paper, the multicast routing protocols used in traditional TCP/IP networks are analyzed, and their basic disadvantages and difficulties in their application in software-defined networks are revealed. Multicast routing algorithms that use the capabilities of software-defined networks and ensure the optimization and reliability of routes in multicast routing are described. These algorithms are exempt from the drawbacks of traditional networks. The proposed algorithms are implemented as an application for the RunOS controller. This experimental study shows that the delays due to the use of the proposed algorithms for restructuring routes satisfy the requirements of telecommunications operators of large regional networks.     

New MPLS network management techniques based on adaptive learning

The combined use of the differentiated services (DiffServ) and multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) technologies is envisioned to provide guaranteed quality of service (QoS) for multimedia traffic in IP networks, while effectively using network resources. These networks need to be managed adaptively to cope with the changing network conditions and provide satisfactory QoS. An efficient strategy is to map the traffic from different DiffServ classes of service on separate label switched paths (LSPs), which leads to distinct layers of MPLS networks corresponding to each DiffServ class. In this paper, three aspects of the management of such a layered MPLS network are discussed. In particular, an optimal technique for the setup of LSPs, capacity allocation of the LSPs and LSP routing are presented. The presented techniques are based on measurement of the network state to adapt the network configuration to changing traffic conditions.     

组播协议在OPNET中的建模与仿真

该文以IP组播技术为重点,结合网络仿真软件OPENT Modeler,分析该软件环境下IP组播网络的建模机制,包括参考标准、组的管理、支持的应用、组播路由协议的选择,节点加入组播组与发送源发送组播数据的流程。以校园网视频会议和FTP传输应用为例,构建网络仿真模型,一方面比较单播与组播方式下的网络性能,分析了视频流量的发送情况、视频会议分组的端到端延时,FTP传输的响应时间,骨干网络点到点链路吞吐量;另一方面比较了组播方式采用共享树机制和由共享树切换到最短路径树在网络性能上的改进,包括分组延迟的降低、汇合点路由器上拥塞发生的减少等。同时,也对无线移动通信网络环境下的组播技术提出更多需要考虑的因素。