银系磷酸锆抗菌剂晶体结构与抗菌剂制备及性能关系初探

银系磷酸锆抗菌剂就结构分为层状磷酸锆抗菌剂和立方体磷酸锆抗菌剂。两者在制备方法,抗变色性,银离子析出率及抗菌时间等多方面抗菌剂性能有所不同。本文试着从两者的晶体结构角度出发,探究两者性能差异的原因。     

长效透明抗菌聚苯乙烯的研究

研究有机杂环抗菌剂和无机银离子抗菌剂的协效作用、优势互补作用。结果表明:有机抗菌剂和无机阴离子抗菌剂可以协效使用,在保证抗菌效果的前提下,减少了抗菌剂总用量,从而减少了抗菌剂对基体树脂的物性影响,保证了基体树脂的透明度,并使抗菌材料具有快速、长效的抗菌效果。     

具有代表性的无机抗菌剂及其特征

详细地介绍了几种无机抗菌剂和抗菌材料（如银沸石系列抗菌剂和抗菌玻璃）的物理性质,化学性质和抗菌性能及在各个方面的应用。     

无机抗菌硼酸盐玻璃材料的研究

采用高温熔融法，在硼酸盐玻璃的配合料中引入抗菌剂磷酸银，一次烧制而成制得抗菌玻璃材料，并对硼酸盐玻璃的抗菌性能和缓释性能进行了分析。结果表明：制备抗菌硼酸盐玻璃时，合适的银含量为1．5％-2．0％，处理温度在1100～1400℃即获得良好的抗菌效果和缓释性。     

银系抗菌剂在内墙抗菌涂料中的性能研究

通过添加纳米银溶胶、玻璃载银、磷酸锆载银3种抗菌剂制得抗菌内墙涂料。用贴膜法和抑菌圈法测试了涂料的长效抗菌性;用扫描电镜测试了抗菌涂料与细菌的作用状态,并测试了抗菌涂料的色差变化。结果表明:扫描电镜下能很好地观察到涂膜与细菌的作用状态与形貌;自制玻璃载银抗菌涂料的色差变化最小;加入0.6%载银抗菌剂的内墙涂料初始抗菌率达到99%以上,但放置3个月后,抗菌率有所下降。     

以磷酸银制备抗菌陶瓷的实验研究

将无机抗菌剂引入陶瓷釉中，研制了抗菌陶瓷。对其产品性能及抗菌效果进行检测。结果表明不但具有较强的抗菌性能，而且主要物化性能均达国标；同时分析和讨论了抗菌机理，得出抗菌剂的加入量与烧成制度对抗菌陶瓷的抗菌效果影响不大，而主要影响其抗菌持久性。     

银系抗菌纤维的研究现状

银系抗菌纤维因其广谱、高效的抗菌性能,被广泛应用于家纺、服饰以及医疗卫生等领域。阐述了银的抗菌机制、银系抗菌纤维的制备方法、抗菌性能的测试方法以及银离子的释放性能,指出了目前银系抗菌纤维存在的一些问题。     

抗菌日用陶瓷的制备工艺与性能研究

本实验利用景德镇华良高新技术发展有限公司生产的纳米磷酸锆载银抗菌剂,研制出抗菌日用陶瓷,研究结果表明,纳米磷酸锆载银抗菌剂在釉中加入量达到2.0wt%,抗菌陶瓷餐具的抗菌率可以达到99.9%以上。     

银、铜离子抗菌剂及在ABS中性能研究

采用水热法制取层状磷酸锆离子交换体,通过控制离子交换顺序、交换条件制得含Ag+、Cu2+双组份杀菌活性成份的无机抗菌剂,抗菌剂杀菌力达100%、防霉等级为0级,应用于ABS中具有较好的加工、抗菌、力学性能.     

银系抗菌剂的作用与应用

叙述了银系抗菌的发展 ,介绍了银的性质、抗菌机理、载银抗菌剂的安全性以及载银抗菌剂在塑料工业中的应用。     

塑料抗菌剂的开发现状及发展前景

介绍了塑料抗菌剂的种类、抗菌机理、制备方法以及国内外开发现状及发展前景，提出了我国塑料抗菌剂今后的发展建议。     

抗菌剂应用的最新进展

回顾了近年来抗菌剂及其应用领域新的发展 ,其中日本已基本解决了含银抗菌剂的变色问题 ,欧美也从原来多采用有机抗菌剂转向更多地采用无机抗菌剂。指出纳米无机抗菌剂、光催化剂空气净化剂等新产品的出现 ,将为抗菌材料和制品的开发应用提供更为广阔的发展空间。     

聚丙烯／余斗发沸石基抗菌剂抗菌塑料的制备及其性能研究

制备了Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋-Zn^2＋复合型斜发沸石基抗菌剂，结合正交试验得出了制备Cu^2＋型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件。将各型抗菌剂与聚丙烯（PP）、接枝PP混熔后制得高浓度抗菌母粒，再按一定比例加入到PP中制备PP抗菌塑料，并对PP抗菌塑料的力学性能和抗菌性能进行了研究。结果表明：制备各型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件为交换温度60℃、交换时间8h、交换液浓度为0．08mol／L；加入3％的抗菌母粒（或1．5％的抗菌剂）对PP力学性能的影响较小，PP抗菌塑料具有良好的抗细菌性能，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率都超过95％。此外，Cu^2＋-Zn^2＋复合型斜发沸石基抗菌塑料中存在Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋协同抗菌效应。     

聚丙烯／斜发沸石基抗菌剂抗菌塑料的制备及其性能研究

制备了Cu2 、Zn2 、Cu2 -Zn2 复合型斜发沸石基抗菌剂,结合正交试验得出了制备Cu2 型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件。将各型抗菌剂与聚丙烯(PP)、接枝PP混熔后制得高浓度抗菌母粒,再按一定比例加入到PP中制备PP抗菌塑料,并对PP抗菌塑料的力学性能和抗菌性能进行了研究。结果表明:制备各型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件为交换温度60℃、交换时间8 h、交换液浓度为0．08 mol／L;加入3％的抗菌母粒(或1．5％的抗菌剂)对PP 力学性能的影响较小,PP抗菌塑料具有良好的抗细菌性能,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率都超过95％。此外,Cu2 -Zn2 复合型斜发沸石基抗菌塑料中存在Cu2 和Zn2 协同抗菌效应。     

塑料抗菌剂国内外开发现状及市场分析

阐述了抗菌剂的种类及其作用机理,详细介绍了塑料抗菌剂的国内外市场、开发现状及发展趋势,对今后国内市场进行了预测,并提出了我国塑料抗菌剂的发展建议。     

载银蒙脱石无机抗菌剂的抗菌性能研究

以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、产气杆菌、枯草杆菌、啤酒酵母菌和白色念珠菌作为实验菌株,采用试管振荡试验法,检测载银蒙脱石的抗菌性能,并进行抗菌剂的耐水性和耐久性试验.结果表明:载银量在2.5%～3.0%之间的载银蒙脱石抗菌剂具有良好的抑菌和灭菌性能.载银蒙脱石抗菌剂具有广谱抗菌性,不易分解失效,抗菌时效长,并具有良好的耐水性.     

Synthesis,Biological Evaluation and 2D-QSAR Study of Halophenyl Bis-Hydrazones as Antimicrobial and Antitubercular Agents

In continuation of our endeavor towards the development of potent and effective antimicrobial agents, three series of halophenyl bis-hydrazones (14a–n, 16a–d, 17a and 17b) were synthesized and evaluated for their potential antibacterial, antifungal and antimycobacterial activities. These efforts led to the identification of five molecules 14c, 14g, 16b, 17a and 17b (MIC range from 0.12 to 7.81 μg/mL) with broad antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Aspergillus fumigates; Gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Bacillis subtilis; and Gram negative bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. Three of the most active compounds, 16b, 17a and 17b, were also devoid of apparent cytotoxicity to lung cancer cell line A549. Amphotericin B and ciprofloxacin were used as references for antifungal and antibacterial screening, while isoniazid and pyrazinamide were used as references for antimycobacterial activity. Furthermore, three Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) models were built to explore the structural requirements controlling the different activities of the prepared bis-hydrazones.     

季铵盐的抗茵活性与应用研究

季铵盐在医药、化妆品和环保等行业的应用日趋广泛,特别是与壳聚糖结合后的产物在药物载体方面的应用是近几年研究的热点问题。本文详细介绍了季铵盐的性质以及近几年来季铵盐的应用,并对季铵盐今后在医药方面的应用研究进行了前景展望。     

Complexes of Silver(I) Ions and Silver Phosphate Nanoparticles with Hyaluronic Acid and/or Chitosan as Promising Antimicrobial Agents for Vascular Grafts

Polymers are currently widely used to replace a variety of natural materials with respect to their favourable physical and chemical properties, and due to their economic advantage. One of the most important branches of application of polymers is the production of different products for medical use. In this case, it is necessary to face a significant disadvantage of polymer products due to possible and very common colonization of the surface by various microorganisms that can pose a potential danger to the patient. One of the possible solutions is to prepare polymer with antibacterial/antimicrobial properties that is resistant to bacterial colonization. The aim of this study was to contribute to the development of antimicrobial polymeric material ideal for covering vascular implants with subsequent use in transplant surgery. Therefore, the complexes of polymeric substances (hyaluronic acid and chitosan) with silver nitrate or silver phosphate nanoparticles were created, and their effects on gram-positive bacterial culture of Staphylococcus aureus were monitored. Stages of formation of complexes of silver nitrate and silver phosphate nanoparticles with polymeric compounds were characterized using electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of complexes was determined using the methods of determination of growth curves and zones of inhibition. The results of this study revealed that the complex of chitosan, with silver phosphate nanoparticles, was the most suitable in order to have an antibacterial effect on bacterial culture of Staphylococcus aureus. Formation of this complex was under way at low concentrations of chitosan. The results of electrochemical determination corresponded with the results of spectrophotometric methods and verified good interaction and formation of the complex. The complex has an outstanding antibacterial effect and this effect was of several orders higher compared to other investigated complexes.