猴头菌子实体与液态发酵菌丝体活性成分差异及其在改善胃部疾病中的应用进展

猴头菌是传统的食药两用菌,具有猴头菌多糖、猴头菌素、猴头菌酮、麦角甾醇等多种活性成分,对胃炎、胃溃疡、胃癌等胃部疾病具有有益调节作用。猴头菌有子实体和菌丝体两种形态,菌丝体又分为固态发酵菌丝体与液态发酵菌丝体。本文主要对比阐述了猴头菌子实体与液态发酵菌丝体活性成分差异以及它们在改善胃部疾病中相关研究成果,以期为猴头菌液态发酵菌丝体规模化、工业化、自动化生产,以及功能食品和食用菌基天然药物的开发提供依据和参考。     

硫磺菌凝集素的提取工艺研究

硫磺菌凝集素是一种从硫磺菌子实体中提取的、能凝集红细胞的蛋白质。本文以硫磺菌为原料,采用磷酸缓冲溶液浸提,对氯化钠浓度、液料比、提取温度、提取时间、浸提p H五个因素进行单因素实验,并设计四因素三水平的正交实验,以研究硫磺菌凝集素的最佳提取工艺。研究结果表明:氯化钠浓度为0 mol/L,液料比为30∶1 m L/g,提取温度为15℃,提取时间为10 h,浸提p H为7.5的条件下,硫磺菌凝集素的凝集活性最高,达到0.5870,蛋白得率为0.576%。     

灵芝子实体、菌丝体和孢子粉化学成分的比较

为探讨灵芝子实体、菌丝体和孢子粉中化学成分的差异,主要对3种材料中的蛋白质、氨基酸、葡萄糖、糖醇、核苷以及三萜等成分含量进行测定,并对三萜的HPLC指纹图谱进行相似度分析。结果发现,灵芝孢子粉中蛋白质质量分数最高为11.1%,而菌丝体中蛋白质质量分数最低为7.1%。灵芝子实体中灵芝三萜含量高,种类全,而菌丝体中的三萜种类少,含量低,同时未破壁的孢子粉中基本测不到灵芝三萜。糖醇含量也有差别,菌丝体中有较高含量的阿糖醇,而在未破壁孢子粉和子实体中,都是甘露醇含量较高。同时发现3种材料所含核苷的类别、含量均不同。实验结果表明,灵芝子实体、菌丝体和孢子粉3种材料的化学成分差异大,在保健品使用上应区分使用。     

桑黄菌丝体与子实体成分的比较分析

为进一步开发和利用桑黄（Phellinus igniarius）,通过发酵获得桑黄菌丝体,并对桑黄子实体和菌丝体的一般营养成分及主要功能成分含量进行分析比较,利用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率和对SW620、HepG2肿瘤细胞的抑制率进行主要成分活性的比较。结果表明,桑黄菌丝体和子实体均含有蛋白质、多糖、氨基酸、脂肪、纤维、矿物元素等多种营养成分,其组成基本一致。主要营养成分中,桑黄菌丝体中水分、灰分含量显著低于桑黄子实体（P＜0.05）,粗纤维含量极显著低于桑黄子实体（P＜0.01）,而粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量极显著高于子实体（P＜0.01）;在所测定的17 种氨基酸中,二者氨基酸种类一致,菌丝体氨基酸总量为25.11%,子实体氨基酸总量为4.69%;多糖、黄酮、三萜3 种活性成分在桑黄子实体中含量极显著高于菌丝体（P＜0.01）,其中子实体多糖、黄酮、三萜DPPH自由基最高清除率分别为77.14%、61.37%、49.97%;桑黄菌丝体、子实体多糖对结肠癌SW620细胞的抑制率最高可达21.45%和32.86%,对肝癌HepG2细胞的抑制率最高可达37.91%和51.29%。这些结果进一步说明桑黄菌丝体和子实体营养成分组成基本一致,含量丰富,液体发酵所得菌丝体可以缓解野生桑黄子实体匮乏的局面,具有同样的应用价值和开发前景。     

“银耳液体培养和应用的研究”通过技术鉴定

银耳是一种高级营养食品,但它由于生长周期冗长,子实体易霉变,无法形成工业化生产。上海市酿造科学研究所在摸索真菌培养规律的基础上,将银耳菌进行了液体深层培养。以粮食为原料,用发酵罐液体培养,只需2～3天时间就可获得银耳形态,但营养成份高于子实体。银耳液应用于试制银耳豆奶、银耳珍珠霜、营养性香波和银耳饼干     

银耳多糖的功能特性及其应用

银耳营养丰富,食味鲜美,不但是营养价值很高食用菌,也是药用价值较高药用菌,是世界公认保健品.银耳多糖是银耳中的主要活性物质,来源于银耳子实体和银耳细胞深层发酵孢子中分离、纯化得到的杂多糖.现代医学和药理学的很多研究将银耳多糖的药用功效概括为提高免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、降血糖和降血脂等多种生理功能.银耳多糖以其丰富的原料来源、独特的生物学功能和良好的食用安全性,近年来在天然功能性食品添加剂、医药保健品、日用化妆品等领域崭露头角.本文系统地综述了银耳多糖的化学组成、制备和提取纯化、生物活性、实际应用等方面的研究概况,并展望了其今后研究方向及开发应用前景.     

超声波诱变对猴头菇粗多糖的影响

考察超声波诱变对猴头菇菌丝体和子实体中粗多糖含量及活性的影响。将猴头菇菌株进行不同时间的超声波诱变,各诱变菌株经平板培养初筛和液体发酵培养复筛后,最终得到1株菌丝体生物量最大、粗多糖含量最高的猴头菇变异菌株H-2,然后将原始菌株和H-2菌株进行袋料栽培以获得子实体,并对子实体粗多糖含量进行了比较,最后,比较了原始菌株和H-2菌株子实体粗多糖的抑菌活性。变异菌株H-2菌丝体和子实体的粗多糖含量比原始菌株分别提高了1. 2%和2. 3%,并且H-2子实体粗多糖对金黄色葡萄球菌有显著抑菌效果。猴头菇菌株经适当时间的超声波诱变后,可以提高其菌丝体和子实体中粗多糖的含量和抑菌活性。     

栽培与野生羊肚菌营养成分及抗氧化性研究

对栽培六妹羊肚菌子实体与野生羊肚菌子实体及菌丝体主要营养成分、氨基酸成分及1,1-二苯基三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)清除率、O_2~-清除率、Fe~(2+)螯合力及还原力进行测定与研究。结果表明:羊肚菌子实体主要营养成分含量显著高于菌丝体,其抗氧化能力也强于菌丝体;栽培羊肚菌子实体氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量在3种被测蛋白中均为最高,其蛋白质营养评价结果也最优。研究表明,栽培羊肚菌子实体的主要营养成分含量高、抗氧化性较强、蛋白质营养价值较高,适宜作为高营养品质的羊肚菌食材。     

白蜡多年卧孔菌多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

采用超声辅助水提醇沉法提取白蜡多年卧孔菌（Perenniporia fraxinea）子实体与菌丝体多糖,利用单因素试验结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化子实体与菌丝体多糖提取工艺参数,并测定其DPPH·、ABTS+·清除能力。结果表明,子实体多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶60（g∶mL）、提取时间76 min和超声时间16 min,在此优化条件下,子实体多糖提取率为4.39%;菌丝体多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶30（g∶mL）、提取时间101 min和超声时间16 min,在此优化条件下,菌丝体多糖提取率为6.33%。当子实体和菌丝体多糖质量浓度为2.0 mg/mL时,子实体对DPPH·、ABTS+·清除率分别为45.67%和72.89%,菌丝体多糖对DPPH·、ABTS+·的清除率分别为51.67%和75.83%。子实体和菌丝体多糖能降低植物油过氧化值（POV）,表明白蜡多年卧孔菌多糖具有一定的抗油脂氧化的能力。     

花生种子中凝集素的凝集活性及性质研究

利用血凝实验及糖抑制实验测定花生种子中凝集素的凝血活性及糖抑制专一性,同时进行热稳定性及pH影响实验。结果显示：花生种子的凝集素粗提液不能凝集人的A、B、O型血细胞,但是可以凝聚唾液酸酶处理后的A、B、O型血细胞。凝集素对红细胞的凝集可被乳糖、蜜二糖、棉籽糖和D-半乳糖四种糖所抑制,在pH为5.0～11.0范围内较稳定,经55℃保温10min后,活性完全消失。在检测的6个不同品种的花生中,河北高油的种子中凝集素活性最强。在花生的生长初期,这种凝集素的存在部位是子叶和根。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press