一种用于矩形阵列的二维波达方向估计方法

针对现有使用均匀矩形阵列或稀疏矩形阵列的二维无格波达方向估计方法的性能欠佳的问题,提出一种基于二阶特普利茨矩阵重构和二维旋转不变参数估计技术的无格波达方向估计方法。使用均匀矩形阵列或稀疏矩形阵列,对其接收信号的协方差矩阵进行二阶特普利茨结构表达,通过log-det稀疏测度与正定约束构造约束优化问题,并使用优化最小算法求解,最后通过二维旋转不变参数估计技术估计源的二维波达方向,即方位角与俯仰角。这种方法需要多次求解半定规划问题,计算复杂度相对较高,但能获得更好的波达方向估计性能。在仿真实验中,这种方法在均匀矩形阵列或稀疏矩形阵列条件下均有非常低的均方根误差,接近克拉美罗界,证明了其良好的波达方向估计性能。     

相控阵子阵级和差多波束测角方法

针对大型相控阵多目标单脉冲测角问题,提出了一种利用和差多波束在子阵级实现多目标测向的方法.首先,通过合并阵元输出降低系统复杂度;其次,通过多套子阵级仅相位导向矢量和对称取反方式实现和差多波束;最后,只需获得方位及俯仰维法线斜率,就可估计任意指向波束内的目标二维偏角.与子阵级四指向和差测角方法相比,所提方法具有测角精度高和实现简单的优点.实测和仿真数据处理结果显示了方法的有效性和优越性.     

干涉阵列米波雷达的低仰角高精度估计方法

针对米波雷达低仰角估计的难题,结合干涉技术和超分辨算法的优点,提出了干涉阵列米波雷达的高精度低仰角估计方法．该方法首先利用干涉结构扩展阵列孔径,再将常规的空间平滑算法推广到干涉阵,提出了干涉阵的空间平滑方法,然后应用其实现低仰角多径信号的解相干,最后利用双尺度酉ESPRIT算法得到低仰角的高精度估计．仿真结果和实测数据验证了干涉阵列的前后向空间平滑方法及干涉阵列的高精度低仰角估计方法的有效性,并分析了该方法存在的信噪比门限与基线模糊门限的产生原因．     

一种新的稀疏重构的DOA估计算法

为提高低信噪比和较少快拍数条件下远场窄带信号波达方向的估计精度,提出一种新的基于加权l₁范数的稀疏重构波达方向的估计算法．该算法首先采用前后向空间平滑技术获得阵列输出数据协方差矩阵;其次构造出改进Capon算法空间谱函数中的倒谱系数矢量,设计得到符合加权l₁范数的权值矩阵;最后通过奇异值分解对接收数据进行降维处理,获得基于稀疏重构的加权l₁ 范数约束问题模型．仿真结果表明,在低信噪比或快拍数较少的情况下,该算法能够有效地抑制空间谱伪峰和保证较强的稳健性,且信源不需要进行相关处理,仍能获得很高的估计精度．     

DOA estimation of coexisted noncoherent and coherent signals via sparse representation of cleaned array covariance matrix

A new direction finding method is presented to deal with coexisted noncoherent and coherent signals without smoothing operation. First the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation task is herein reformulated as a sparse reconstruction problem of the cleaned array covariance matrix, which is processed to eliminate the affection of the noise. Then by using the block of matrices, the information of DOAs which we pursuit are implied in the sparse coefficient matrix. Finally, the sparse reconstruction problem is solved by the improved M-FOCUSS method, which is applied to the situation of block of matrices. This method outperforms its data domain counterpart in terms of noise suppression, and has a better performance in DOA estimation than the customary spatial smoothing technique. Simulation results verify the efficacy of the proposed method.     

Fast space-time adaptive processing method by using the sparse representation

One of the key problems of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is how to estimate the clutter covariance matrix (CCM) accurately with a small number of samples when the clutter environment is heterogeneous. The CCM estimation methods based on sparse representation (CCM-SR) can achieve a good estimation performance with only one or a few samples, which significantly improves the convergence rate of the STAP. By using the sparsity characteristic of the clutter spectrum, the CCM-SR method estimates the clutter spectrum and yields a good estimation of the CCM. However, there are often many pseudo-peaks in the clutter spectrum estimated by the sparse representation (SR), which will cause a CCM estimation error. By exploiting the special relationship of the clutter ridge curve between space domain and Doppler domain, we can eliminate the pseudo-peaks in the clutter spectrum effectively via fitting the curve of the clutter ridge and improve the estimation accuracy of the CCM. In addition, a byproduct of our method is the estimation of the flying parameters (the velocity of the radar platform, the crab angle and so on). Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the performance of conventional STAP based on sparse representation (STAP-SR) and obtain a good estimation of the flight parameters.     

非平稳噪声下稀疏表示的DOA估计算法

为提高非平稳噪声下远场非相干窄带信号波达方向（DOA）的估计精度,提出了一种基于稀疏重构的DOA估计算法.采用类协方差差分算法构造差分矩阵,抑制非平稳噪声的影响;基于类旋转不变子空间参数估计算法基本原理构造稀疏表示模型与权函数;利用加权l₁范数对模型求解,实现DOA估计.仿真结果表明,与传统的协方差差分算法、噪声协方差矩阵估计算法、秩迹最小化算法以及稀疏重构算法相比,所提算法不仅能较好地抑制非平稳噪声的影响,而且在低信噪比、低快拍数情况下具有较强的稳健性和较高的估计精度.     

均匀圆阵下单个近场源信号四维参数估计快速算法

针对近场源三维参数估计效率低下及信号源的载波频率估计较少的情况,提出了一种基于均匀圆阵(UCA)的近场源四维参数估计快速算法,利用UCA的中心对称结构构造出两个相关序列,其中一个为利用错位相乘构造的相关序列,使之含有信号源的方位角、俯仰角以及载波的频率信息,而另外一个构造的相关序列则含有信号源的距离参数,这样两个相关序列的相位就包含信号的4-D参数信息.首先对利用错位相乘构造的相关序列利用最小二乘方法给出方位角、俯仰角和频率的估计,然后再利用另一个序列估计出距离参数.仿真结果表明该算法和3-D MUSIC算法性能相当,但由于所提算法无需三维搜索和特征分解,因而计算更加简单利于工程实时实现.     

Tensor-Based Source Localization Method with EVS Array

In many wireless scenarios, e.g., wireless communications, radars, remote sensing, direc-tion-of-arrival (DOA) is of great significance. In this paper, by making use of electromagnetic vec-tor sensors (EVS) array, we settle the issue of two-dimensional (2D) DOA, and propose a covari-ance tensor-based estimator. First of all, a fourth-order covariance tensor is used to formulate the array covariance measurement. Then an enhanced signal subspace is obtained by utilizing the high-er-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). Afterwards, by exploiting the rotation invariant property of the uniform array, we can acquire the elevation angles. Subsequently, we can take ad-vantage of vector cross-product technique to estimate the azimuth angles. Finally, the polarization parameters estimation can be easily completed via least squares, which may make contributions to identifying polarization state of the weak signal. Our tensor covariance algorithm can be adapted to spatially colored noise scenes, suggesting that it is more flexible than the most advanced algorithms. Numerical experiments can prove the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于nested阵列的高分辨DOA估计

针对nested阵列对邻近信号的分辨力受信噪比和快拍数等因素限制的问题,提出了基于nested阵列的加权子空间平滑M USIC算法.该算法对协方差矩阵向量化以提高整个阵列的自由度,使用空间平滑恢复新接收数据矢量阵的秩,采用校正的噪声特征值对噪声子空间进行加权,并对信号子空间进行空间谱合成,得到新算法的空间谱函数.通过搜索空间谱函数极大值实现DOA估计.结果表明,该算法在低信噪比及小快拍数条件下,对间隔较近的信号具有高分辨力.     

适用于宽带接收阵列的无模糊二维DOA估计

为了满足宽带侦收的要求,提出了一种新的基于环形阵列的宽带天线阵列配置方案,利用2组独立空间欠采样通道得到有模糊的信号空域信息,并结合一定的解模糊算法和配对方法得到无模糊的空间信号到达角(DOA)估计. 仿真结果表明,所提算法在搜索量小的优势下能实现二维方向角的高精度估计及正确配对,且2组通道的采样数据可并行处理,增强了算法的实时性.     

DOA Estimation Method Using Sparse Repres-entation with Orthogonal Projection

In order to reduce the effect of noises on DOA estimation, this paper proposes a direc-tion-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method using sparse representation with orthogonal projection (OPSR). The OPSR method obtains a new covariance matrix by projecting the covariance matrix of the array data to the signal subspace, leading to the elimination of the noise subspace. After-wards, based on the new covariance matrix after the orthogonal projection, a new sparse representa-tion model is established and employed for DOA estimation. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to other methods, the OPSR method has higher angle resolution and better DOA estima-tion performance in the cases of few snapshots and low SNRs.     

利用最小冗余对称阵列的近场源定位算法

在阵元数目有限的情况下,针对近场源定位中的阵列孔径和阵元数损失问题,文中突破阵元间距为1/4波长的限制,提出了基于最小冗余对称阵列的协方差矩阵重构算法．该算法构建只与方位角有关的四阶累积量矩阵,通过多重信号分类算法来估计信号方位角;然后根据估计出的信号角度在距离维上进行搜索,估计出距离参数．该算法扩展了阵列的孔径,提高了阵列的自由度．仿真结果表明,该算法可以估计更多的信源数目,拥有较高的估计性能和空间分辨率,且只需进行一维搜索,避免了二维参数配对．     

一种改进的二维扩展DOA估计方法

经典的DOA估计方法对目标信号源的分布特性非常敏感,导致DOA估计性能严重恶化,为了降低信源扩展对算法性能的影响,该文利用圆阵协方差矩阵的特点,直接由接收信号协方差矩阵的两条次对角线元计算分布式目标到达角,并提出了两种到达角估计方法,即直接由协方差矩阵的两条次对角线得到两维到达角的闭合解,和另一种利用两条次对角线构造最小二乘方程来估计分布源的两维到达角.计算机仿真结果表明,它们对均匀圆阵小角度扩展信号DOA估计具有良好的性能.     

基于ESPRIT算法的L-型矢量阵源方位估计

建立了水平L-型矢量水听器阵列的数据模型,研究了利用ESPRIT算法同时对目标的水平方位角和仰角进行高分辨率角度估计,仿真L-型矢量水听器阵对单个源和多个源的方位估计情况,并和相同阵型的声压阵方位估计性能进行比较,结果表明,相对于声压阵,矢量阵可以在不增加阵孔径的前提下提高对单源方位估计的精度,获得的增益为6dB左右,同时提高了对多目标方位的分辨能力。     

在混合坐标系下的机动目标跟踪滤波器

本文介绍了在球面－直角坐标系下跟踪机动目标的卡尔曼滤波算法．为克服观测噪声非白，本文引入了扩充向量，并应用旋转增益算法，对卡尔曼滤波的协方差阵及增益阵实现了解耦．通过仿真计算，对本文提出的算法与国外两种类似的算法在相同的机动和量测噪声特性情况下进行了比较，其结果显示了本算法的优越性．     

贝塞尔级数展开的机载前视阵雷达杂波谱补偿方法

提出了基于级数展开的杂波谱补偿方法,首先采用贝塞尔函数对每个距离环实现方位和俯仰角的分离;接着将训练单元的俯仰矢量向待检单元进行投影,得到一个变换矩阵.再使用变换矩阵对给定的多普勒门的数据进行处理,减轻杂波谱对距离的依赖性;最后,从变换后的数据中估计杂波协方差矩阵,再利用空时自适应算法对补偿后的数据进行杂波抑制.仿真结果表明,该方法能有效改善杂波的非平稳性,提高了系统抑制杂波的性能.     

无人机蜂群通信的虚拟大规模MIMO信道估计算法

针对利用无人机蜂群通信实现热点区域覆盖的应用场景,提出了一种无人机蜂群通信中虚拟大规模多输入多输出信道估计算法,包括信道状态信息中导向矢量的波达方向(DOA, Direction Of Arrival)估计算法和子阵间距估计算法。考虑到空地信道状态依赖于地面用户的角域信息,因此先利用辅助用户对无人机方向角进行估计,在此基础上提出了一种基于降秩的DOA估计算法,获取精确的DOA信息。进一步,考虑到UAV动态位置变化导致不同UAV的天线阵列相对位置变化,提出了一种基于优化搜索的子阵间距估计算法,避免了大范围搜索带来计算复杂度高的问题。仿真结果表明,所提DOA和子阵间距估计算法可以提高信道估计精度。     

Robust adaptive beamforming algorithm in the situation of limited snapshots

In order to solve the problem of the sharp degradation of the adaptive beamformer performance due to limited snapshots, this paper proposes a new robust adaptive beamforming algorithm based on the correction of the covariance matrix and the estimation of the steering vector. The proposed algorithm first corrects the covariance matrix, and then obtains the estimation of the optimal steering vector with the corrected covariance matrix. Finally, using the corrected covariance matrix and the estimated optimal steering vector, the weight vector of the adaptive beamformer is calculated. The proposed algorithm can not only deal with all kinds of mismatches efficiently, but also solve the problem of the sharp degradation of the adaptive beamformer performance in the situation of limited snapshots, so that the robustness of the adaptive beamformer can be improved. Simulation results demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

一种采用协方差矩阵稀疏表示的DOA估计方法

提出一种新的基于样本协方差矩阵稀疏表示的联合波达方向估计方法.该方法对传统的基于协方差矩阵稀疏表示的模型进行改进,仅利用协方差矩阵的部分信息来进行波达方向估计,无须已知噪声功率,以极小的孔径损失换取算法的稳健性.虽然是基于样本统计信息(即协方差矩阵)的波达方向估计方法,但是其原理与传统的角度高分辨估计方法(MUSIC,CAPON)不同,该算法对具有任意相关性的信号源能进行有效的波达方向估计,不需要进行去相关处理,且具有很高的分辨力及估计精度.