汽轮机直齿与斜齿汽封内部流场的数值计算与结构优化

利用数值计算软件对汽轮机光轴直齿与斜齿两种结构的迷宫式汽封内部流场进行了数值研究,给出了汽封内部流动特性和漏汽量随相对齿间距和齿倾斜角度变化的规律.在汽封段轴向长度一定和相同的流动条件下,存在最佳齿数范围和倾角范围,它可使迷宫式汽封的漏汽量最小.     

低压隔板低直径汽封和对齿式汽封的数值分析

在汽轮机低压末几级隔板中,有两种比较典型的汽封结构形式——低直径汽封和对齿迷宫式汽封。在某600MW机组改造末三级长叶片优选过程中,针对两种类型的隔板汽封,在末三级环境中,开展全三维CFD分析,对比两者的密封效果,及对整个级效率的影响。数值结果表明,两种汽封结构均有较好的密封效果,对齿迷宫式汽封配合新型设计的末三级叶片,具有较高的气动效率,有助于改善600MW机组低压缸整体经济性。     

光轴迷宫密封泄漏流动特性影响因素的数值研究

采用数值求解三维粘性Reynolds-Averaged Navier-stokes(RANS)方程技术,研究汽轮机低压光轴迷宫式隔板密封内泄漏流动特性及其影响因素。采用有限体积方法离散控制方程,标准k-ε紊流模型封闭求解方程组,同时考虑轴的旋转效应。针对典型的光轴整体加工尖齿隔板密封,分别数值研究了相同的轴向距离和径向间隙下三种齿间距在不同压比下的泄漏流动特性,计算了相应的无量纲流量系数。计算结果显示出迷宫隔板密封与轴之间的环形腔室内三维涡流使泄漏流动的动能有效地耗散成热能,起到了密封的作用。研究结果表明在相同的几何尺寸下迷宫隔板密封的泄漏量随着压比的减小而增大,在相同的压比条件下,泄漏量随着密封齿间距的减小而减小。本文的研究工作对合理有效地设计迷宫式隔板密封提供一定的理论依据和技术支撑。     

迷宫式静叶隔板汽封的数值模拟分析

采用数值模拟的方法,考虑迷宫式静叶隔板汽封,对某汽轮机级气动特性进行了计算和分析。重点考察了汽封通道内的蒸汽流动情况,分析了迷宫式汽封气动方面的优点和对叶片气动特性的影响,从而提出了一些有意义的结论和建议。     

高速旋转的汽轮机隔板密封内流体流动的模拟

采用数值求解粘性Navier-Stokes方程,研究考虑轴旋转效应的汽轮机高低齿迷宫式隔板密封内流体流动特性及其影响因素.采用有限体积方法离散控制方程,紊流模型采用标准κ-ε两方程模型进行求解.数值模拟了三种齿间距下不同压比时的高低齿迷宫式隔板密封内部的流场特性,并且计算了相应的无量纲流量系数.计算结果揭示了隔板密封内由于环形腔室和高低齿的作用导致密封内流体的动能有效地耗散为热能,起到了密封的作用.研究结果表明：在相同的几何结构下,压比的增加导致密封泄漏量的减小;在相同的压比条件下,密封的泄漏量随着齿间距的减小而减小.图6参4     

迷宫式汽封齿间距对汽封性能的影响研究

通过数值模拟的方法研究迷宫式汽封齿间距对汽封性能的影响.三维稳态数值结果表明,汽封齿处的通流面积剧烈的变化使得水蒸气通过汽封齿后流速增加,压力降低.此外,近壁面附近的压力和流速在壁面端点附近变化较为剧烈.汽封齿的排布对齿间漩涡的大小、位置和高马赫数区域影响较大.7组案例表明,沿流动方向变化的压力曲线及其所对应的漏气量表...     

迷宫汽封与平衡孔在透平级中应用的仿真研究

为了进一步认识匹配应用迷宫汽封和平衡孔对透平级气动性能的影响,采用商用软件CFX,数值仿真了某汽轮机高压一级半透平、堵住平衡孔的一级半透平内部的三维流场.通过对计算结果的比较分析发现,转子带凸台的高低齿迷宫式汽封,与转子外径相等、同压比的等齿高直通型迷宫汽封相比,泄漏流动的方向折转以及在汽封腔内形成的旋涡显著增多,因此强化了对泄漏流的阻抗及其动能的耗散,提高了汽封的封严性.对于低反动度透平级,气流对动叶栅的直接冲击是级内轴向力产生的主要原因.叶冠的径向高度远小于叶高,但是叶冠产生的轴向力在级轴向力中占有较大比例.平衡孔需要与前后静叶隔板汽封以及动叶前后轴向间隙汽封匹配设计,设计合理,能够消除泄漏流对主流的干扰,降低透平级的流动损失.     

数值计算方法在汽封研究中的应用探讨

文章对CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics）数值计算方法进行了简要的阐述，并将其应用于隔板汽封流场的研究中，开发了气动特性较好的新型隔板汽封结构，为隔板汽封的设计和工程应用提供了依据。     

稳态与非稳态下旋风分离器气相流场数值模拟方法研究

为了研究旋风分离器气相流场的特性,在稳态与非稳态下,采用雷诺应力方程模型（RSM）对一台气一固旋风分离器气相流场进行了数值模拟和计算,其中旋风分离器网格划分采用混合网格分块划分技术,对流项分别采用不同阶格式进行离散,将数值模拟结果与试验数据进行了比较．结果表明：在非稳态下,动量（Momentum）方程采用二阶迎风格式（SOU）,湍动能走、耗散率￡采用高阶的Quick离散格式,雷诺应力项（Reynolds stresses）采用一阶迎风格式（FOU）是模拟旋风分离器气相流场的最佳选择．     

核电汽轮机侧齿汽封流动特性的数值研究

核电站汽轮机汽封系统的蒸汽泄漏量对电厂经济性有重要影响,采用数值求解方法,用有限体积法对控制方程进行离散,并求解湍流模型的封闭方程组,分析了核电厂汽轮机上不同形式侧齿汽封的流动特性和泄漏情况。结果表明:在不同的进口压力下,单低齿侧齿汽封的泄漏量低于双低齿侧齿汽封的泄漏量,有底齿的双低齿侧齿汽封和单低齿侧齿汽封的泄漏量都略高于没有底齿的。为优化核电厂二回路汽封系统提供了理论参考。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

生物质催化热裂解技术的研究进展

生物质催化裂解是生物质热化学转化的一种重要途径。综述了生物质催化热裂解技术使用的反应器、催化剂类型,以及催化热裂解过程中热裂解温度、吹扫气、升温速率、生物质原料等条件的影响,展望了生物质催化热裂解技术的发展趋势。