自制酚类抗氧剂对糠醛抗氧化性能

润滑油糠醛精制是提高润滑油质量的主要方法,但是糠醛易于氧化而腐蚀设备,影响润滑油产品的质量。在糠醛中分别加入不同种类的自制酚类抗氧剂MB46、MB26和 FB26,考察了其对糠醛抗氧化性能,并与胺类抗氧剂对比。结果表明,在90℃下,MB46、FB26作为糠醛的抗氧剂具有很好的抗氧化性能;在常温下,FB26能够很显著地减缓糠醛的氧化,为保证润滑油糠醛精制中的糠醛质量提供了有效手段。同时,探讨了自制酚类抗氧剂的抗氧化机理。     

屏蔽酚型抗氧剂的结构与抗氧化性能关系的计算机模拟

探讨了将计算机分子模拟技术应用于润滑油抗氧剂设计领域的方法和途径；利用计算机分子模拟技术考察了酚型抗氧剂的抗氧性能与分子的结构和性质之间的关系，建立了物理和化学意义和明确，预测能力较强的模型。表明，影响酚的抗氧性能的最主要因素是其最高被占分子轨道能力，分子构象能等性质。     

糠醛精制装置存在的问题及其优化

针对荆门石化糠醛精制装置生产中存在的主要问题提出了优化措施。轻套糠醛装置适合较大溶剂比,较高的抽提温度生产;重套糠醛装置适合较小溶剂比,很高的抽提温度生产。防腐方面主要落实针对糠酸和环烷酸的防腐措施。有效降低抽出液一次蒸发塔压力,既能更充分回收溶剂,降低糠醛剂耗,又有利于节能。经过一系列降剂耗工作,近5个月荆门石化轻重两套糠醛精制装置溶剂消耗已经下降到1.0kg/t。     

糠醛抽出油、催化裂化重油研制橡胶用油

采用溶剂精制工艺处理糠醛抽出油、催化裂化重油（回炼油和油浆）,用以生产橡胶用油。通过实验证明,糠醛精制和KT液溶剂精制两种工艺均能生产橡胶用油,其副产物抽余油可作为催化裂化原料。同时对这两种工艺进行比较,结果表明,KT液溶剂精制工艺优于糠醛精制工艺。     

Optimizing the Process Conditions for the Production of Lube Base Oil From Heavy Distillate

In order to meet the increasing process demand of heavy crude, the deep processing of heavy oils, especially the vacuum residue, may be a best choice. The authors selected ketone-benzol dewaxing, furfural refining, clay finishing (AFC); and furfural refining, ketone-benzol dewaxing, clay finishing (FAC) were selected to process base oils. Elemental analysis, n-d-M method, and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance were used to investigate the structure characteristics of base oils. Experimental data show that the FAC process conditions are more rigorous than AFC process, the yield of AFC process is higher than that of FAC process, but their base oils have their advantages and disadvantages.     

从催化裂化柴油中分离高纯度2,6-二甲基萘

以大庆石油化工总厂炼油厂催化柴油为原料 ,通过精馏分离得到二甲基萘 (DMN)窄馏分 (2 5 8～ 2 70℃ ) ,经糠醛溶剂抽提 ,减压蒸馏后 ,在 -10～ -2 5℃冷冻 2～ 5h ,离心分离制得纯度约 80 %的粗 2 ,6 DMN ,再经无水乙醇在 -10～ -2 5℃重结晶 ,得到纯度大于等于 98%的 2 ,6 DMN。     

不同类型抗氧剂在润滑脂中协同作用研究

采用压力差示扫描量热法分别考察了自由基终止型与过氧化物分解型抗氧剂在润滑脂中的抗氧化作用,以及两类抗氧剂复合使用的协同抗氧化作用;采用阿伦尼乌斯方程计算了添加不同抗氧剂的润滑脂的氧化反应活化能。结果表明：作为自由基终止剂的胺类和酚类抗氧剂之间有一定的协同作用,复合添加后使润滑脂的抗氧化性能有一定的提高;胺类、酚类自由基终止型抗氧剂与过氧化物分解型抗氧剂的三元复合体系具有良好的抗氧化协同作用,能够显著增大润滑脂氧化反应的活化能,大幅提升润滑脂的抗氧化性能。     

糠醛注水——润滑油糠醛精制装置的节能途径

介绍了用水稀释糠醛使润滑油糠醛精制装置节能的途径。通过注水——糠醛－水溶液（含水９５％左右），可降低糠醛的气化沸点，增大换热系统的传热温差，改善换热效果，更多地回收能量，达到节约能源的目的。     

生产润滑油基础油溶剂精制工艺条件的研究

当今原油价格居高不下,炼好每吨油使工业生产效益最大化,是各石化企业的艰巨任务.文章旨在利用实验室润滑油溶剂精制评价方法,通过溶剂精制和白土补充精制对西江和尼尔(混合比为1∶ 1)减三线、减四线脱蜡油生产HVI基础油进行实验室的最优条件评选,为工业生产和改造提供必要的基础数据.本研究采用间歇模拟法[1]作为润滑油溶剂精制方法,选用油品族组成、油品理化性能等质量数据确定糠醛精制装置理论级数为三级;实验数据也表明用三级逆流萃取实验可以模拟生产中的糠醛精制过程.     

润滑油糠醛精制装置防腐措施

糠醛溶剂抗氧化性试验表明：在有氧气参与的条件下,糠醛氧化速率显著上升;糠醛溶剂抗氧化性能的好坏会影响糠醛精制装置的腐蚀。采用减少带入系统的氧气、控制脱气塔操作和加热炉出口温度、把好新鲜糠醛质量和数量关、升级材质等物理防腐措施以及加注脱酸剂或缓蚀剂等化学防腐措施,能有效降低糠醛精制装置的腐蚀程度。糠醛精制装置开工周期达到5年以上,改变了过去2年一修的格局,真正达到装置长周期安全运转的目的。     

Modeling of the Furfural Refining Process for Lubricating Oils

The effect of operation temperature and furfural/oil ratio on a single-stage furfural refining process for two distillates was studied. The acid number, basic nitrogen, refractive index and aniline point of each of the distillates and the refined oils were measured. They were assumed as four oil components, and the liquid-liquid equilibrium data and corresponding partition coefficients of the pseudo-components could be determined through mass conservation equations and simulated based on the artificial neural networks method. A multistage mathematical model for the refining process was established and solved numerically to give the refined oil quality and recovery under various furfural/oil ratios, temperatures, and stages, which showed a good agreement with those obtained from a pilot plant and the separatory funnel experiments under similar operation conditions. This paper may provide a useful way to assist in determining the optimum conditions and designing plant for the furfural refining process.     

加氢处理的润滑油基础油光安定性影响因素的研究

将加氢处理润滑油基础油和糠醛精制润滑油基础油分离为氮化物、重芳烃、中芳烃、轻芳烃和饱和烃 ,测试了各组分对它们的光安定性的影响 ,发现重芳烃是使加氢处理润滑油基础油光安定性劣于糠醛精制润滑油基础油的主要原因。采用色谱 -质谱联用等方法 ,分析、对比了两种油的重芳烃部分的组成 ,发现前者重芳烃中含有大量的四环和四环以上的芳烃以及它们的部分饱和产物 ,而后者重芳烃中不含三环以上的芳烃 ,证实了多环芳烃和它们的部分饱和产物是造成加氢处理润滑油基础油光安定性差的原因。     

2,2‵-硫代双特辛基苯酚镍(Ⅱ)盐络合物的合成

以对特辛基苯酚、二氯化硫和四水合醋酸镍为主要原料,合成2,2`-硫代双特辛基苯酚镍(Ⅱ)络合物,讨论了反应温度、时间、酚硫比、溶剂用量对关键中间体硫代双酚收率的影响,并确定了最终产物2,2`-硫代双特辛基苯酚镍(Ⅱ)络合物合成的最佳工艺条件。     

具有抗氧化性能的环境友好型油酸盐（钙、镁）清净剂的合成

This article covers a method for synthesizing environmentally friendly multifunctional metal (calcium,magnesium) oleate detergents with antioxidation property.These multifunctional metal (calcium,magnesium) oleate detergents with antioxidation property were synthesized using oil-soluble liquid antioxidants (PPIBP,PPIBTSTBP,and PPIBPDA) as reactive functional materials.These oil-soluble liquid antioxidants have the potential to be used as functional materials for application in synthesizing other kinds of substrate detergents.     

Studies on Pretreatment of Catalytic Cracking Slurry Oil with Added Furfural

In the experiment, the furfural added compound agent was applied to treat catalytic cracking slurry oil in order to utilize the saturated hydrocarbon and condensed-nuclei aromatics reasonably and soundly. The added agent could improve the dissolubility and selectivity of furfural and enhance the recovery and quality of treated oil. The optimum condition was as follows: compound ratio was 0.5:1; the added quantities were 8% relative to furfural volume; the temperature was 50°C; the solvent/oil ratio was 0.5:1. Under the condition, compared with that of furfural extraction, the recovery of treated oil was increased 14.8 wt%, the quality of treated oil also had been improved to some extent, and thus, the treated oil could be used as good stockfeed of catalytic cracking. The extract oil contained abundant condensed-nuclei aromatics, which could be used as good stockfeed to produce a high value-added chemical engineering product.     

润滑油基础油光安定性研究

研究了生产工艺对润滑油基础油光安定性的影响,结果表明,先对减压馏分油进行高压加氢处理,然后分别进行白土补充精制和糠醛补充精制,虽可使加氢处理油的光安定性获得一定改善,但幅度均有限,白土补充精制效果受白土用量制约,糠醛补充精制效果优于白土补充精制;先对馏分油进行糠醛浅度预精制,然后进行中压加氢处理,可获得光安定性优异的基础油。     

焦化柴油溶剂精制研究

本研究以现有润滑油糠醛精制装置抽提塔底抽出液为溶剂对石油二厂焦化柴油进行了抽提小试和中试研究。本文主要介绍了润滑油糠醛精制抽出液加助剂对焦化柴油进行精制的小试研究，采用单因素实验方法考察精制温度、助剂加入量、剂油比等操作条件对精制效果的影响，确定出使焦化柴油安定性指标符合一级品要求的适宜精制条件，即精制温度为70℃、助剂加入量为5克/千克油、剂油体积比为1.0、精制时间为30分、沉降时间为30分。实验结果表明该方法是可行的，即采用润滑油、柴油糠醛精制联合工艺可以同时满足润滑油和焦化柴油的精制要求。该技术不但绕开了加氢精制，而且可以大大地节省设备投资及操作费用，有很好的工业化前景。     

一种新型酚类高温抗氧剂

介绍了一种新型酚类大分子高温抗氧添加剂(PNX).差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热失重试验(TG)结果表明,PNX添加剂在润滑油中具有良好的热稳定性和高温抗氧化性能,同时,在大豆油中可以有效地抑制游离脂肪酸的形成.     

Study on the Processes for Lubricant Base Oil from Oman and Cabinda Blended Crude Oil No. 3 Fraction

Abstract

The dealing quantity of crude oil increases, and the lube feedstock changes frequently. Enhancing the quality and yield by optimizing the processes used for lubricant base oil is currently one of the major challenges that refineries are facing to make them profitable. Acetone-benzoyl dewaxing, furfural refining, and clay finishing are selected and optimized to process lubricant base oil. For the acetone-benzoyl dewaxing process recommended, solvent-to-oil ratio (STO) is 2.5, solvent component ratio (methyl ethyl ketone to methyl benzene) is 0.8, and dewaxing temperature is ?25°C. For the furfural refining process recommended, solvent-to-oil ratio is 3.0 and refining temperature is 90°C. The finishing oil treated with 4 wt% adsorbent clay at 155°C can meet the color and oxidation stability requirements of a marketable product. Group analysis, elemental analysis, and infrared (IR) spectra show that in optimized base oil, the saturate content is high (95 wt%), carbon–hydrogen ratio is high, and basic nitrogen content is 0.63 wt%; branching degree is suitable. ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) and ¹³C-NMR spectra indicate that isoparaffin content is high; average number of carbon atoms is 25.85; the branched chain is located in the eighth carbon; there are large numbers of S-1, S-2, and S-11 molecules in base oil; and there are interactions among base oil molecules, but the intensity is different.     

糠醛装置加热炉炉管腐蚀失效分析及措施

介绍了中国石油化工股份有限公司荆门分公司轻、重两套糠醛精制装置炉管的腐蚀失效问题。、通过抽出液加热炉炉管的运行状况、工艺条件、腐蚀形貌及腐蚀产物的分析发现：辐射室炉管及弯头的腐蚀泄漏主要是以糠酸腐蚀为主,由糠酸和环烷酸共同作用引起;由于炉管内介质流速和流态的影响,炉管弯头部位的腐蚀比炉管直管段严重。认为降低循环糠醛中的糠酸含量是防护加热炉炉管腐蚀的关键,并采取了一系列防腐措施：将炉管及弯头材质升级为304不锈钢;控制加热炉出口温度在（210±5）℃;新增一套溶剂回收系统;对储罐实施氮气密封保护等实施以上措施后糠醛精制装置又运行了2a。轻、重两套抽出液加热炉炉管没有发生一次腐蚀泄露情况,取得了良好的防腐效果。