含磷三嗪环低聚物阻燃PP的阻燃性研究

利用含磷三嗪环低聚物(PMPT)及其复合阻燃剂制备阻燃聚丙烯(PP),探讨了PMPT和多聚磷酸胺/季戊四醇(APP/PER)/PMPT的用量对阻燃PP极限氧指数、燃烧参数的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了剩余炭层的微观形貌,推测了阻燃剂PMPT的阻燃机理.结果表明,随着阻燃剂PMPT用量的增加,阻燃PP的氧指数逐渐增大;APP,PER,PMPT三者有很好的协同阻燃作用;PMPT阻燃机理遵循凝聚相阻燃机理.     

凹凸棒对聚丙烯/聚磷酸铵/季戊四醇复合材料阻燃性能及力学性能的影响

以聚丙烯为基体,多聚磷酸铵(APP)/季戊四醇(PER)/凹凸棒(ATP)为复配阻燃剂(其中APP/PER质量比为3:1),通过熔融共混的方法制备聚丙烯复合材料.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)考察原土ATP的微观形貌和PP/APP/PER/ATP复合材料的阻燃性能及力学性能.实验结果表明:ATP与APP/PER对PP有协同阻燃作用.当ATP质量含量为2%,复配阻燃剂APP/PER/ATP总量为26%时,PP/APP/PER/ATP复合材料的氧指数为32%,拉伸强度比纯PP提高4.3%,冲击强度比纯PP也提高15.2%.     

无卤阻燃聚丙烯的制备与性能研究

通过熔融复合工艺,对聚丙烯(PP)进行阻燃和增韧改性。使用膨胀型阻燃剂(由聚磷酸铵(APP)与季戊四醇(PER)组成)为主阻燃剂,在此基础上研究了4A分子筛对阻燃体系的力学性能、阻燃性能及流变性能等的影响;在PP阻燃体系中加入三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM),探讨了EPDM对PP阻燃体系力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:4A分子筛用量为2%、EPDM用量为6%时,阻燃体系的综合性能最佳。     

氧化锌催化膨胀型阻燃剂对PP阻燃及力学性能的影响

研究了氧化锌催化膨胀型阻燃剂(APP/PER)对PP阻燃和力学性能的影响。研究表明,当APP/PER质量比为20/10,ZnO的质量分数为1．3%时,阻燃PP的LOI值达到最大；同时阻燃PP的拉伸强度和冲击强度比不含ZnO的PP有所提高。TG结果表明,ZnO的加入使阻燃PP燃烧时降解过程加快并生成更多的剩炭,形成稳定的保护层,从而提高了PP的阻燃效果。SEN的形貌观察表明,加入ZnO的试样燃烧炭膜孔径较小、孔膜较厚。     

新型磷-氮系复配阻燃剂在聚丙烯中的应用

采用一种新型磷-氮系阻燃剂与聚磷酸铵(APP)复配成膨胀型阻燃剂,对聚丙烯(PP)进行阻燃改性。研究了阻燃PP的阻燃性能、热分解过程及力学性能。结果表明:当复配阻燃剂添加量为30%时,阻燃改性PP的氧指数和垂直燃烧等级分别达到32.3%和UL94 V-0级,拉伸强度为37.4 MPa,缺口冲击强度为39.5 kJ/m2,并且具有很好的热稳定性。     

APP/PER阻燃SEBS/PP共混物的研究

采用APP/PER(IFR)复合膨胀阻燃剂阻燃SEBS/PP体系.通过热重分析、扫描电镜、氧指数和万能拉力试验机等研究IFR对SEBS/PP的阻燃及力学性能的影响.IFR的加入可使体系的残炭量显著增加,当IFR的质量分数为30%时,600℃下SEBS/PP体系的残炭量由未加IFR的1.84%增至14.84%.经IFR阻燃的SEBS/PP在燃烧时形成内部多孔,外部致密的炭层,能有效地抑制聚合物的进一步燃烧.添加30%IFR时,SEBS/PP阻燃体系的氧指数可达27%,并通过UL94V-O测试,其拉伸强度为12.5 MPa,断裂伸长率达到492.6%.     

改性APP阻燃性能的研究

用表面活性剂DV对聚磷酸铵(APP)表面进行修饰,研究了不同成炭剂与APP复配对聚丙烯(PP)的阻燃性的影响.结果表明:成炭剂对PP的阻燃性能有不同程度的影响,APP与季戊四醇(PER)组合时效果最佳.采用不同的协同剂和APP/PER体系进行组合实验,得到不同的阻燃结果.当体系中添加三聚氰胺(MEL)时效果最好.采用阻燃性能最好的体系,对PP的力学性能进行测试表明力学性能优于国外同类产品.而且有更加优良的防潮性能.     

膨胀型无卤阻燃聚乙烯材料的研究

采用膨胀型阻燃剂-聚磷酸铵和季戊四醇(APP/PER)体系对低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)进行阻燃.通过热重分析(TGA)方法研究了成炭促进剂Zeolite(ZEO)对APP/PER和LDPE的催化成炭作用以及影响LDPE/APP/PER材料阻燃性能的各种因素,同时还对APP与PER之间的膨胀成炭反应历程进行了初步探讨.利用混料试验设计方法对LDPE/APP/PER/AEO材料的配方进行了优化设计,得到了使材料阻燃性能达到最好时的APP/PER/ZEO之间的最佳配比.实验结果表明,将APP、PER、与ZEO联用有较好的阻燃协效作用,添加APP/PER/ZEO膨胀型阻燃剂体系可使阻燃聚乙烯材料的氧指数达到29.3.     

无卤阻燃聚丙烯复合材料的研究

以聚磷酸铵(APP)、季戊四醇(PER)、三聚氰铵(MEL)和Al(OH)3组成无卤阻燃复合体系,采用正交设计方法,考察了阻燃体系对聚丙烯的冲击性能、熔体流动性、热性能以及燃烧性能等的影响.结果表明:阻燃体系中各组分之间具有很好的协同效应,当聚丙烯与阻燃剂的比例为:PP/APP/PER/MEL/Al(OH)3=100:30:10:3:5时,阻燃聚丙烯有良好的综合性能,同时氧指数达32.1%.     

APP/Sb2O3复合阻燃剂对聚乙烯性能的影响

以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)二元共混体系为基础树脂,膨胀型阻燃剂聚磷酸铵(APP)与三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)组成无卤膨胀型阻燃体系,研究APP/Sb2O3复合阻燃剂对复合阻燃体系阻燃性能的影响.结果表明,LDPE/LLDPE为100份,复合阻燃体系中APP/Sb2O3阻燃剂总添加量不低于40份时可达到FV-0阻燃级别;复合阻燃体系的力学性能、流动性能和加工性能均随阻燃剂含量的增加而变差.     

Preparation and properties of FR-PP with phosphorus-containing intumescent flame retardant

A novel phosphorus-containing intumescent flame retardant, triazine oligomer poly (2-morpholinyl-4- pentaerythritol phosphate-1,3,5-triazine) (PMPT), was used to improve the flame retardancy of PP. Effects of PMPT content on the thermal stability, mechanical properties and flammability of PP were discussed, respectively. The morphology of the char residue was observed by SEM. The thermogravimetric (TGA) curves showed that adding PMPT reduced the initial thermolysis temperature of flame retarded PP (FR-PP) while enhanced the thermal stability at high temperature. The slight decline on the mechanical properties of FR-PP suggested that the compatibility of PMPT and PP was good. PP/30% PMPT composite can achieve UL-94 V-0 rating, which revealed that PMPT was an efficient monocomponent intumescent flame retardant. There were many cavities on the compact char layer of FR-PP and the gases generated from PMPT was a critical factor for the flammability properties of FR-PP.     

苯基聚硅氧烷微胶囊化聚磷酸铵的制备及其在PP中阻燃性能研究

采用苯基三甲氧基硅烷为前驱体,通过溶胶凝胶法制备出苯基聚硅氧烷微胶囊化聚磷酸铵（MAPP）。将MAPP作为阻燃剂,季戊四醇（PER）作为成炭剂,制备阻燃聚丙烯（PP）。用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及热重分析仪对MAPP进行表征。结果表明,聚磷酸铵（APP）被苯基聚硅氧烷成功包覆;较之APP,MAPP的热稳定性和疏水性显著提高;MAPP的阻燃性能优于APP,PP/MAPP/PER复合材料达到V-0级别;阻燃剂及成炭剂的加入对PP的结晶行为有促进作用。     

膨胀型阻燃剂/二乙基次磷酸铝阻燃改性不饱和树脂基复合材料

采用密胺包覆聚磷酸铵（APP）、季戊四醇（PER）和三聚氰胺（MEL）作为膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）对不饱和树脂（UP）进行改性,研究了APP、PER和MEL不同复配比例及用量对不饱和树脂基复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。基于IFR最佳用量,以二乙基次磷酸铝（ADP）为协效剂,研究了ADP用量对IFR/UP阻燃复合材料阻燃性能、力学性能及热稳定性的影响。结果表明,当APP∶PER∶MEL复配比例为4∶1∶1,IFR添加量为15 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料综合性能最佳,其极限氧指数为27.4 %,UL 94垂直燃烧达到V?1等级,弯曲强度和冲击韧性分别为100.3 MPa和6.3 kJ/m²;ADP的引入能够进一步提高IFR/UP复合材料阻燃性能,且随着ADP质量分数的增加而增强;当ADP质量分数为2 %时,IFR?ADP/UP复合材料极限氧指数为28.5 %并达到V?0阻燃等级,弯曲强度和冲击韧性分别为110 MPa和7.8 kJ/m²,与IFR/UP复合材料相比,分别提高了9.7 %和23.8 %;ADP能够促进IFR/UP复合材料表面成炭,缓解基体的热降解。     

Experimental investigation of flame retardancy and mechanical properties of APP/EG/TPU multilayer composites prepared by microlayer coextrusion technology

In this paper, ammonium polyphosphate(APP)/expandable graphite(EG)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites were prepared by microlayer coextrusion technology, APP and EG fillers had good synergistic flame retardancy and excellent dispersion in TPU matrix, which greatly improved the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of multilayer composites. The dispersion of APP and EG in TPU was characterized by using SEM, the flame retardancy of composites was characterized by using UL94 and LOI, the thermal stability of composites was characterized by using TGA and DTG, and tensile test was used to characterized the mechanical properties of composites. SEM showed that the microlayer coextrusion technology significantly improved the dispersion of APP and EG in TPU. As showed by the experimental results, the vertical combustion level of ordinary blended composites reached V-2 after adding only one kind of filler either APP or EG, and the vertical combustion level of ordinary blended composites reached V-0 with APP and EG applied together, while the vertical combustion level of microlayer coextruded composites all reached V-0 when the total addition of APP and EG was 15%. In particular, the LOI value of microlayer coextruded composites was 30.9%, while the LOI value of ordinary blended composites only was 27.9% when APP: EG = 1: 1. At this time, the flame retardancy level of APP/EG/TPU composites was the best. In addition, the thermal stability and mechanical properties of microlayer coextruded composites were far superior to ordinary blended composites. In conclusion, the synergistic flame retardancy of APP and EG fillers and the dispersion of APP and EG fillers in TPU matrix played a significant role in enhancing flame retardancy and mechanical properties.     

Microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate: Preparation,characterization, and its flame retardance in polypropylene

Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP) with a melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin coating layer was prepared by in situ polymerization. MCAPP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and so on. The results show that the microencapsulation with MF resin leads to a decrease in the particles' size and water absorption. The flame retardant action and mechanism of MCAPP and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in polypropylene are studied using limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL 94 test, and their thermal stability is evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The LOI value of the PP/MCAPP composite at 30 wt% loading is 30.5%, whereas the corresponding value of the PP/APP composite is only 20%. Moreover, the LOI values of the PP/MCAPP/PER composites are higher than the ones of the PP/APP/PER composites. In the UL 94 test, the PP/MCAPP/PER composites with suitable ratios of MCAPP to PER can reach the V‐0 rating, and the best rating of the PP/APP/PER composites is V‐1. V‐1. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

纳米双羟基复合金属氧化物协同聚磷酸铵阻燃尼龙-6/聚丙烯燃烧及热降解行为的研究

将纳米双羟基复合金属氧化物 (LDH)与聚磷酸铵 (APP)在一定范围内复配 ,用于尼龙 6/聚丙烯 (PA 6/PP)共混体系可产生良好的协同阻燃效果。实验表明 ,LDH参与了共混阻燃体系的热分解反应 ,催化了PA 6/PP/APP体系的交联、成炭 ;LDH协同阻燃体系的残炭形态致密、光滑、残炭微孔呈闭合状态。协同阻燃作用的机理与LDH和APP热降解过程中产物间的化学与物理作用有关。     

Vinyl polysiloxane microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and its application in flame retardant polypropylene

Vinyl polysiloxane microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) was prepared by a sol-gel method using vinyltrimethoxysilane as a precursor to improve its thermal stability and hydrophobicity. The MAPP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results showed that ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was successfully coated with vinyl polysiloxane. MAPP and pentaerythritol (PER) were used together to improve the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP). The flame retardant properties of PP composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, TGA and SEM. When the MAPP was added as a flame retardant, with PER as a char forming agent, the LOI of PP/MAPP/PER composites was 33.1%, and it reached the UL-94 V-0 level. The results also demonstrated that the flame retardant properties of PP/MAPP/PER composites were better than those of PP/APP/PER composites at the same loading. Moreover, the addition of flame retardant and carbon forming agent could promote the crystallization behavior of PP.     

氧化锌对膨胀阻燃聚丙烯的影响

研究了协效剂氧化锌（ZnO）对聚磷酸铵（APP）、季戊四醇（PER）、氰尿酸三聚氰胺（MCA）膨胀阻燃聚丙烯（PP）体系的阻燃协效作用。采用氧指数（LOI）、热失重法（TG）、锥形量热仪（Cone）、红外光谱（FTIR）等手段分析了ZnO对膨胀阻燃PP的影响。结果表明，氧化锌可提高该体系的LOI和阻燃性能，还可促进阻燃体系形成炭层，且可提高其炭层的强度，该体系氧化锌最佳用量应为1．0份。