铝液与SiO2反应原位形成Al／Al2O3（P）复合材料的研究

将铸造方法与原位技术相结合研制出原位形成的Ａｌ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３（Ｐ）复合材料。向铝液中添加（搅入法）预先在３００℃下烘烤３ｈ、粒径为３００μｍ的ＳｉＯ２颗粒，发生如下反应：３ＳｉＯ２＋４Ａｌ＝３Ｓｉ＋２Ａｌ２Ｏ３，其结果，原位形成颗粒分布均匀的Ａｌ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３（Ｐ）复合材料     

熔融NaF—AlF3体系活度的测定

用Ｎａ（Ａｌ）｜Ｎａ＾＋β－Ａｌ２Ｏ３｜（α＋β）－Ａｌ２Ｏ３电池测量了与ＮａＦ－ＡｌＦ３体系平衡的Ａｌ中Ｎａ活度，椐此计算了该二元系中ＮａＦ和ＡｌＦ３的活度。随熔体中分子比增加或温度升高，ＮａＦ的活度增大，ＡｌＦ３的活度减小。     

铝液在SiO2反应原位形成Al／Al2O3（p）复合材料的研究

将铸造方法与原位技术相结合研制出原位形成的Ａｌ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３（ｐ）复合材料。向铝液中添加预先在３００℃下烘烤３ｈ、粒径为３００μｍ的ＳｉＯ２颗粒，发生如下反应：３ＳｉＯ＋４Ａｌ＝３Ｓｉ＋２Ａｌ２Ｏ３，其结果，原位形成颗粒分布均匀的Ｌ／ａ２Ｏ３（ｐ）复合材料。     

熔融NaF－AlF_3体系活度的测定

用Ｎａ（Ａｌ）｜Ｎａ~＋β－Ａｌ２Ｏ３｜（α＋β）－Ａｌ２Ｏ３电池测量了与ＮａＦ－ＡｌＦ３体系平衡的Ａｌ中Ｎａ活度，据此计算了核二元系中ＮａＦ和ＡｌＦ_３的活度，随熔体中分子比增加或温度升高，ＮａＦ的活度增大，ＡｌＦ_３的活度减小．     

固—液反应自生Al2O3／Al复合材料的研制

通过氧化物（ＭｅＯ）与液态铝在１０００～１２００℃的固－液氧化还原反应，制造出Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ａｌ两相都是连续的新型自生复合材料。采用石英玻璃粉与液态铝反应，在反应动力学上是有利的，借助于无定形ＳｉＯ２与液态铝之间的氧化还原反应，使石英玻璃粉预制件直接转变成Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ复合材料     

季鏻盐对高氯酸铝溶液中铝的缓蚀作用

季鏻盐对高氯酸铝溶液中铝的缓蚀作用何祚清,李金良（徐州师范学院化学系徐州２２１００９）１前言为降低以Ａｌ（ＣｌＯ４）３作为电解液的Ａｌ－ＭｎＯ２干电池中Ａｌ的腐蚀速率,选用合适的缓蚀剂并对缓蚀机理进行研究是一项有意义的工作。有关季盐对钢铁及锌的缓蚀作用己有一些研究［１,２］,但对铝的缓蚀作用尚罕见报导。本工作在１ｍｏｌ／ＬＡＩ（ＣｌＯ４）３底液中用微分极化电阻测量技术和交流阻抗法研究三种季盐?...     

籽晶对碳酸铝铵热分解相变及α—Al2O3纳米粉烧结活性的影响

研究了碳酸铝铵的合成,并对碳酸铝铵加热过程中的物相变化和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３籽晶对θ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３→α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的相变的影响进行了分析。结果表明,将硫酸铝铵溶液以小于２０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ的速度滴入碳酸氢铵溶液,可以合成颗粒尺寸小于５ｎｍ的碳酸铝铵浓沉淀。不含籽晶的碳酸铝铵煅烧时θ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３→α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３相变温度为１１００℃,获得的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３粒径约为７０ｎｍ;质量分数的５％的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３籽晶可将该相     

Al2O3（P）／Al复合材料模具石膏型精铸技术

本文简要地介绍了利用熔模石膏型精铸工艺，在真空、激震条件下制造Ａｌ２Ｏ３（Ｐ）／Ａｌ复合材料模具有工艺方法，并对Ａｌ２Ｏ３粒子铝液的作用机理进行了初步探讨。     

SrCeO_3基高温质子导体及Al液定氢探头

以自制成分为ＳｒＣｅ_（０．９５）Ｙｂ_（０．０５）Ｏ_（３－α）的致密陶瓷管为固体电解质，以Ｃａ／ＣａＨ２混合物为参比物组装氢探头。探头插入Ａｌ液构成氢浓差电化学电池：Ｍｏ，Ｃａ／ＣａＨ_２｜Ｈ￣＋ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒ｜［Ｈ］ｍｏｌｔｅｎＡｌ’Ｍｏ对高氢含量Ａｌ液进行测定，电动势稳定时间长达１．８ｋｓ，准确反映了氢过饱和度．用六氯乙烷脱氢处理时电动势也有迅速正确的响应。使用后的固体电解质经Ｘ射线衍射未测出相变化。热重分析表明让ＳｒＣｅＯ３基陶瓷中Ｓｒ过量可减轻其中４价Ｃｅ离子被还原程度。     

SrCeO_3基高温质子导体及Al液定氢探头SCIEI

以自制成分为ＳｒＣｅ_（０．９５）Ｙｂ_（０．０５）Ｏ_（３－α）的致密陶瓷管为固体电解质，以Ｃａ／ＣａＨ２混合物为参比物组装氢探头。探头插入Ａｌ液构成氢浓差电化学电池：Ｍｏ，Ｃａ／ＣａＨ_２｜Ｈ￣＋ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒ｜［Ｈ］ｍｏｌｔｅｎＡｌ’Ｍｏ对高氢含量Ａｌ液进行测定，电动势稳定时间长达１．８ｋｓ，准确反映了氢过饱和度．用六氯乙烷脱氢处理时电动势也有迅速正确的响应。使用后的固体电解质经Ｘ射线衍射未测出相变化。热重分析表明让ＳｒＣｅＯ３基陶瓷中Ｓｒ过量可减轻其中４价Ｃｅ离子被还原程度。     

测试熔融高冰镍中铁含量的固体电解质传感器

以ＺｒＯ２（ＭｇＯ）为固体电解质、（ＭｇＯ＋ＭｇＦｅ２Ｏ４）为辅助电极材料组成的测定熔融高冰镍中铁含量的电化学传感器，其电池式为：Ｍｏ，ＭｏＯ２｜ＺｒＯ２（ＭｇＯ）｜ＭｇＯ＋ＭｇＦｅ２Ｏ４｜［Ｆｅ］ｍａｔｅ，Ｍｏ。传感器在铁含量小于６．２％（质量）的范围内测得的数值与化学分析值基本一致。介绍了温度在１４８３～１５６０Ｋ之间，融体组成一定时，传感器电动势与温度的关系，并据此得出了铁活度系数与温度的关系式，最后给出了由传感器电动势计算高冰镍中铁的质量百分含量的公式。     

An embedded multi‐parameter corrosion sensor for reinforced concrete structures

A prototype of an embedded corrosion sensor has been developed for assessing the corrosion status of reinforcing steel bar (rebar) in concrete. The integrated sensor unit includes an Ag/AgCl probe, a metallic oxide probe, a multi‐electrode array sensor (MAS), and a four‐pin (Wenner) array stainless steel electrode for chloride content, pH, microcell corrosion current, and localized concrete resistivity measurements, respectively. A stable solid probe was used as the reference probe in this unit to express the potentiometric measurement of chloride content and pH probes. In this study, the chloride and pH probes were calibrated in simulated pore solutions (SPSs) regarding temperature and pH fluctuations. The corrosion current results of the MAS probe in SPSs matched very well with those obtained by the linear polarization resistance technique, which was conducted on companion carbon steel specimens. A sensor prototype was embedded into a paste cylinder for long‐term performance evaluation. Up‐to‐date results show that the sensor probes exhibit excellent sensitivity and reliability through 1 year of monitoring. Continuous monitoring in the laboratory for extended periods is underway.     

室温下LaF3单晶传感器的响应特性

采用LaF3单晶(掺杂0.2%EuF2和5%CaF2)作敏感材料,Pt片涂覆RuO2涂层作工作电极组装了电化学传感器,研究了该传感器在室温条件下,对不同含量的气体氧及水中溶解氧的响应特性,结果表明传感器的灵敏性较好,达到仪器化要求。根据实验结果,提出了LaF3单晶对O2气体的响应机理。同时,利用LaF3单晶作为氟离子选择电极,测量了NaF溶液中的[F-]浓度,测量结果显示了较好的准确性。此外,研究了LaF3单晶在Ar气条件下408~713 K范围内的阻抗谱,发现其存在体阻抗和晶体缺陷及夹杂物所对应的两种阻抗特性。     

Linear polarisation resistance measurements using a potentiostatically controlled guard ring

The use of a sensor controlled guard ring has been developed in recent years to enhance the accuracy of linear polarisation corrosion rate measurements on reinforced concrete structures. The established method of measurement uses a galvanostatically controlled guard ring device. In the method reported in this article the reinforcing steel is polarised potentiostatically by an inner auxiliary electrode and the real time plot of the current response is displayed on a laptop computer which controls the guard ring device. The area of steel polarised is confined by a current applied from an outer guard ring electrode which is controlled by two sensor electrodes positioned between the inner auxiliary and outer guard ring electrode. The potential between the two sensor electrodes is continually monitored, and the current output from the guard ring electrode varied to maintain a constant potential difference between the two sensor electrodes. The method has been validated on an electrical test circuit simulating active and passive reinforcement corrosion. Further testing has been conducted on a reinforced concrete specimen and the results compared with those of commercially available galvanostatically controlled equipment and those of standard unconfined linear polarisation resistance measurements.     

海底原位观测系统温度测量单元的设计

根据海底沉积物原位测量同步采样系统在海底原位测量过程中的工作要求设计温度探杆,搭建与测试该系统的温度测量单元.温度测量单元采集STM32F407主控板采集的温度传感器数据.以DHX-010恒温水槽为标准,对NTC10K型传感器、温度探杆和Pt100型传感器进行了静态与动态测量.测得NTC10K的最大稳态误差为0.71℃...     

锅炉/管道酸洗时氢致腐蚀裂开危险性电化学检(监)测技术的研究

研制了一种新型的原子氢渗透速率测量传感器,研究该传感器在酸液中的测量信号与锅炉/管道用钢在相应体系中的强度/脆性之间的对应关系,设计建立了专门的微机系统,研制出在线检(监)测锅炉/管道酸洗时氢致裂开危险性的电化学技术     

The impedance‐titrator : A novel setup to perform automated pH‐dependent electrochemical experiments

A new device for performing electrochemical experiments under automatic change or control of the solution pH was developed. The electrochemical cell consists of a thermostatted glass cell, counter electrode, reference electrode and working electrode, pH sensor, stirrer and gas purging system. A control box and a potentiostat equipped with a frequency response analyser form the electronic equipment, while a piston buret allows dosing the solution of interest e.g. a sodium hydroxide solution. Various modes are available for scanning the pH range or keeping the pH constant if a hydroxide consuming reaction shall be observed at a constant pH value, all during electrochemical experiments are performed. Two application examples are given to demonstrate the versatility of the impedance titrator. One addresses the determination of the breakdown pH value of anodised aluminium and the other quantifies the consumption of zinc during transient formation of zincate precipitates.     

氟化钾对固态铝电解质物相的影响

本文用X-射线衍射法研究了KF与冰晶石的反应及其对固态铝电解质物相的影响。研究表明:KF与Na3AlF6(冰晶石)在熔盐中能够发生化学反应,无论是在酸性还是碱性电解质中产物都有K2NaAlF6(钾冰晶石),但在酸性电解质中其反应产物同时有K2NaAl3F12和K2NaAlF6两种物相。随着KF含量的增加以及电解质酸度的增强,K2NaAl3F12的含量增加。本文还提出了K2NaAl3F12物质的生成机理以及对同时含CaF2、LiF、MgF2和KF的铝电解质的物相进行了鉴定。对分子比定义为碱性氟化物与AlF3的摩尔比进行了验证,表明只有这种定义才能够真正体现电解质的酸碱性。     

新型储氢合金电极Ti_3Ni_2的电化学性能

研究了新型储氢合金电极 Ti3Ni2 的电化学性能。实验结果表明 :Ti3Ni2 合金电极的最大放电容量达到384.4m Ah/ g(35 3K) ,相当于 Ti3Ni2 H3.7;在 2 78K,最大容量为 145 .5 m Ah/ g,相当于 Ti3Ni2 H1 .47。高温条件下(35 3K)放电曲线有 2个平台 ,在温度比较低时 ,放电曲线只有 1个平台 ;与 Ml(Ni Co Mn A1) 5 合金相比 ,Ti3Ni2 合金电极的动力学性能不好。此外 ,温度对 Ti3Ni2 合金电极的电化学性能影响明显。在温度比较高的条件下 ,合金的放电容量、动力学特性、荷电保持能力均有大幅改善。     

用丝束电极研究SO_4~(2-)对纯铝缝隙腐蚀的影响

采用动电位极化和丝束电极技术测量了纯铝在2mol/L NaCl和2mol/L NaCl 0.8mol/L Na2SO4溶液中的极化曲线、缝隙内外的自腐蚀电位和电化学阻抗分布,研究了SO42-对铝缝隙腐蚀的影响。结果表明,在NaCl溶液中,缝隙内的铝为阳极、缝隙外为阴极;随浸泡时间增加,腐蚀不均匀性增加。加入Na2SO4后,减小了缝隙内外腐蚀电位差,显著降低了铝的腐蚀速度。Na2SO4是中性溶液中铝的吸附型缓蚀剂,延缓了缝隙腐蚀的发生。