一种面向列车控制系统中安全攸关场景的测试用例自动生成方法

列车控制系统是一种安全攸关系统,为保证其安全性,要求测试过程对安全攸关场景中所有可能的运行进行完全的覆盖.现有的场景建模与测试用例自动生成方法不能完全满足这一技术需求.围绕列车控制系统的安全攸关场景建模以及测试用例自动生成方法展开研究,对UML活动图扩充了事件驱动机制和时间特性描述机制,以满足对安全攸关场景建模的需要,提出了简单路径覆盖准则以定义对场景中所有运行的完全覆盖,并针对这一覆盖准则给出了自动生成测试用例的方法.以地铁列车控制系统为研究对象展开实验,表明了该方法的有效性和局限性.     

基于Petri网的软件测试用例生成方法

软件测试数据的生成目前主要采用的人工、半人工的方法,工作量大、测试周期长且容易遗漏;基于Petri网的测试用例生成方法主要应用于场景类测试,通过Petri网理论对测试模型建模,再对模型分析验证,最后生成测试用例集;该方法支持回归生成测试用例集,弥补了对测试用例集需求变化的情况;同时,支持测试用例的自动生成;该方法可以有效地描述系统的状态行为,并且保证了较高的覆盖率指标,有助于提高测试的效率和质量.     

基于场景的车载设备测试用例自动生成方法研究

列控车载子系统是确保列车的安全运行的关键设备,对车载子系统进行测试是保证功能实现与系统规范一致性的重要手段。针对传统手工测试用例生成的效率低、耗时长、工作量繁杂、可重用性低等缺陷,提出一种基于场景的车载系统测试用例自动生成方法,依据CTCS-3级列控系统技术规范构造车载子系统场景树模型,由实时系统测试用例自动生成工具Co Ver对列车运行模式转换自动机网模型生成基于场景的测试用例,并由运行模式最小重复度选择算法生成全模式覆盖的测试序列。结论证明,基于场景自动生成的测试用例能够覆盖全部车载模式,并提高了模式转换测试序列生成效率。     

基于UML顺序图的测试用例生成

为生成覆盖测试需求的测试用例集,提出一种基于UML顺序图自动生成测试用例的方法。通过分析待测系统的功能用例,对其进行顺序图建模。在基于该顺序图生成测试用例的过程中,对顺序图添加规约条件,解析顺序图,得到场景测试树,再遍历该树,得到场景的输入、预期输出、约束条件以及场景环境,这4部分组成了测试用例,同时对如何处理复杂的顺序图及如何满足测试用例充分性等问题进行分析总结,提出有效的解决策略。     

基于一致性测试理论的Statechart描述的测试用例自动生成

本文研究Statechart描述的测试语义和测试用例的自动生成.基于Tretmans的从标记转换系统描述自动生成测试用例的方法,我们研究如何从Statechart描述自动生成测试用例.本文的主要贡献在于建立了基于Statechart描述的一致性测试和测试用例生成的形式化基础.为Statechart描述建立了形式化测试语...     

基于场景模式的嵌入式软件测试用例设计

将场景和模式方法用于嵌入式软件测试用例的设计与生成,通过对被测软件系统需求进行分析建模,将建立的场景模型划分到不同的场景模式中,依据场景模式构建测试场景的状态图,遍历场景状态图以获取测试执行路径,确定相关的测试数据,设计并生成测试用例。实验结果证明,该方法可以较快地设计和生成测试用例,提高测试用例的可重用性,实现对嵌入式软件的有效测试。     

基于接口自动机的列车通信设备测试用例生成

列车通信设备是一种嵌入式系统。有效地测试这类设备是列车运行系统质量保证的重要手段。嵌入式系统测试的重要任务之一是有效地生成测试用例。文中提出基于接口自动机(Interface Automata)技术自动生成列车通信设备的测试用例。现有的接口自动机技术只支持同步消息的发送与接收,而列车通信设备还需要处理异步消息的发送与接收。为此,文中对接口自动机理论进行了扩展,以便支持列车通信设备异步消息通信的需求。依据列车通信网络的规范,文中使用扩展了的接口自动机对列车通信模块及通信模块的组合作了形式化建模,依据测试覆盖准则,自动生成测试序列,并利用模型驱动技术自动生成测试脚本。文中比较了手工生成测试用例方法及所提出的自动生成测试用例技术,展示后者从测试覆盖、时间节约方面的有效性。     

基于UML的软件测试用例自动生成技术研究

测试用例自动生成是软件自动化测试的基础与关键。随着UML的广泛应用，基于UML模型的测试用例自动生成技术日益受到关注。本文提出了通过对UML Sequence Diagram进行形式化分析产生测试场景的技术，定义了相应的测试覆盖准则，分析了测试数据的生成。并探讨了将测试工具和建模工具相结合的具体实现方法。     

UML活动图在组件系统测试用例生成中的应用研究

近年来，基于UML的测试成为组件系统测试的研究热点。为了从UML活动图模型中自动生成组件系统的测试用例，本文采用灰盒测试方法，给出了活动图的形式化描述。分析了活动图并发特征所引起的测试场景集数量爆炸问题，提出增加约束条件的解决方法，减少了测试场景集数量。提出了一种基于活动图的组件系统测试场景与测试用例生成方法，使自动化生成测试用例可行性有一定的提高。     

Web系统测试用例自动执行系统

由于Web应用系统的迅速发展,如何进行有效的Web测试对于保证Web系统的可靠性越来越重要。设计的Web功能测试用例自动执行系统,改进了传统的录制/回放方式,可以模拟用户操作,对Web系统进行功能性测试。提出一种基于XML的测试用例的结构描述,称之为X-Case,对于经常更新的Web系统,修改X-Case结构内的相关数据就可以进行回归测试,不需要重新生成大量的测试用例,节约Web测试的成本。该系统支持部分测试数据自动生成,对动态和静态网页均能执行自动化测试。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。