酶法提取玉米淀粉工艺研究

以玉米为原料,对酶法提取玉米淀粉工艺进行了研究。通过单因素试验,研究蛋白酶添加量、浸泡液pH值、浸泡时间、浸泡温度对淀粉得率的影响,通过四因素三水平正交试验确定酶法提取玉米淀粉工艺的最佳参数为：蛋白酶添加量1．5mL,浸泡液pH值3．4,浸泡时间14h,浸泡温度50℃。     

利用蛋白酶发酵液替代SO_2改进玉米淀粉生产浸泡工艺研究

在确定了地衣芽孢杆菌蛋白酶摇瓶发酵工艺各项参数的基础上,采用改良的实验室生产淀粉方法,将处于产蛋白酶活性高峰期的发酵液添加到玉米浸泡水中,探讨了利用蛋白酶发酵液替代SO_2降解包裹玉米淀粉蛋白质的可行性和工艺条件。结果表明,当玉米在含有0.1%的SO_2(和0.5%的乳酸)的浸泡液中浸泡18h后,加入20%的蛋白酶发酵液继续浸泡6h,淀粉得率为67.79%。与传统工艺相比,淀粉得率提高了9.5%,SO_2含量降低了0.1%,总的玉米浸泡时间由36h缩短至24h。     

嗜热乳酸菌与酸性蛋白酶协同提取玉米淀粉

在玉米浸泡的过程中,采用嗜热乳酸菌与酸性蛋白酶协同浸泡的方法提取玉米淀粉,并优化该工艺。通过单因素试验研究初始嗜热乳酸菌菌液浓度、嗜热乳酸菌浸泡时间、加酶量和酶作用时间对玉米淀粉得率的影响,通过正交试验优化组合得到最佳工艺条件:初始嗜热乳酸菌浓度16%、嗜热乳酸菌浸泡时间26 h、加酶量1 100 U/g、酶作用时间24 h。在最优条件下,淀粉得率由传统工艺的56.02%提高到64.26%。此浸泡工艺取缔了亚硫酸的使用,在较低酶添量的情况下,利用嗜热乳酸菌与酸性蛋白酶协同作用,能有效减少能源消耗及环境污染、提高玉米淀粉及其副产物的利用率。     

乳酸与酸性蛋白酶协同浸泡在玉米浸泡工艺中的应用

为解决传统玉米浸泡工艺耗时长、污染环境等问题,以玉米为原料,采用乳酸与酸性蛋白酶协同浸泡提取玉米淀粉,并对该工艺进行优化。通过单因素试验研究了初始乳酸浓度、乳酸浸泡时间、加酶量和酶作用时间对玉米淀粉得率的影响,然后通过正交试验优化组合得到最佳工艺条件:初始乳酸浓度0.6%、乳酸浸泡时间16 h、加酶量1000 U/g玉米、酶作用时间20 h。在最优条件下,淀粉得率由传统工艺的56.02%提高到69.76%,浸泡时间缩短了大约20 h。此浸泡工艺取缔了亚硫酸的使用,又大大缩短了浸泡时间,能够减少能源消耗及环境污染、降低生产成本。     

产中性蛋白酶菌种的选育及其在玉米淀粉生产浸泡工艺中的应用

从玉米淀粉生产企业的玉米浸泡水中筛选出可在中性pH值条件下降解蛋白质的菌种;经对该菌种进行原生质体紫外诱变处理,其蛋白酶活性提高了198%;将不同浓度的发酵液添加到玉米淀粉生产的浸泡水中,替代SO2。方差分析表明,菌液的作用时间和SO2含量对淀粉得率的影响显著。得到的优化组合为:玉米先在添加0.1%SO2的浸泡液中浸泡18h,然后在pH值7.0条件下加入20%的蛋白酶发酵液,继续浸泡10h。改进方法后获得的淀粉得率为67.71%,总的浸泡时间缩短至28h。     

酿酒酵母与亚硫酸氢钠浸泡玉米对淀粉产率的影响

采用二级浸泡玉米的方法,通过亚硫酸氢钠与酿酒酵母共同作用,来提高淀粉的产率。通过单因素试验确定一级浸泡玉米的工艺条件为亚硫酸氢钠溶液质量浓度0.15g/mL、乳酸质量浓度0.3g/mL、浸泡时间10h、浸泡温度50℃;二级浸泡玉米工艺条件为浸泡温度40℃、浸泡时间24h、亚硫酸氢钠质量浓度0.1g/mL、5(V/V)酿酒酵母接菌量。此浸泡工艺大大缩短生产周期,降低了淀粉生产的成本。     

糯玉米淀粉提取及理化性质的研究

以糯玉米为原料，采用湿法提取淀粉工艺，制得淀粉得率高，质量优质的纯净糯玉米淀粉，通过正交实验设计筛选出最佳的提取方案：浸泡温度，浸泡溶液亚硫酸浓度，浸泡时间分别为50℃，0．3％，60h，影响淀粉得率的主要因素是：时间，浓度，温度，糯玉米淀粉较普通玉米淀粉相比具有糊化温度低，黏度高，透明度高等特点。     

玉米酶法浸泡工艺的优化

玉米酶法浸泡是玉米淀粉生产中一种高效节能的浸泡工艺。以玉米为原料,通过单因素实验和正交实验,考察玉米酶法浸泡的浸泡时间、浸泡温度、加酶量和pH值对玉米浸泡效果的影响。实验结果表明,玉米酶法浸泡的最佳工艺条件为:浸泡时间4.0h、加酶量0.15ml/(100g玉米)、浸泡温度50℃、pH3.0。在该条件下,淀粉提取率提高到84.48%,与传统工艺相当;但成品中淀粉SO2质量分数0.013%,比传统工艺降低了27.78%。     

湿法玉米淀粉加工浸泡参数模型的建立

研究了实验室湿法提取玉米淀粉的方法.应用二次回归正交试验进行试验设计,建立了玉米浸泡时间、浸泡温度、二氧化硫浓度与淀粉得率的数学模型.并通过MATLAB最优化方法确定出最优组合为：浸泡温度51.2℃、二氧化硫浓度0.176%、浸泡时间52.6h.模型预测的淀粉得率与试验实测的最大相对误差为2.4%.     

酶法与碱法提取糜子淀粉的最佳工艺条件研究

采用酸性蛋白酶浸泡法和碱液浸泡法从糜子籽粒中提取淀粉。通过单因素试验确定酶法最佳提取工艺条件为:pH4.0,酸性蛋白酶体积分数2%,浸泡时间10h,浸泡温度50℃,此条件下淀粉提取率为70.12%。碱法最佳提取工艺条件为:pH11.0,料液比1∶5,浸泡时间8h,浸泡温度25℃,此条件下淀粉提取率为81.59%。     

L -半胱氨酸与发酵酸浆协同作用优化玉米湿磨工艺

为了改进玉米湿磨工艺,采用L-半胱氨酸替代传统浸泡工艺中的SO2,降低传统玉米淀粉生产过程中由SO2浸泡引起的环境污染。在具有絮凝活性的副干酪乳杆菌副干酪亚种L1发酵液制成的玉米酸浆中加入L-半胱氨酸,浸泡玉米碎粒,浸泡一定时间后加水磨浆,过筛除去纤维等杂质,淀粉在具有絮凝活性的副干酪乳杆菌副干酪亚种L1的作用下迅速沉降。通过改变酸浆的用量、L-半胱氨酸用量、浸泡温度、浸泡pH值、浸泡时间和菌种接入量,考察各因素对浸泡液中可溶性蛋白质的增量和淀粉提取率的影响,并采用响应面法确定最佳湿磨工艺。结果表明：最佳工艺参数为浸泡时间48 h、L-半胱氨酸质量浓度1.5 g/100 mL、浸泡pH 7、自然发酵酸浆用量比（m（玉米粒质量）∶V（酸浆体积））1∶4、浸泡温度30 ℃,此条件下淀粉提取率的最大值为93.21%。     

Effect of Gamma Rays on Corn Grains. Part III. Effect of Post-Irradiation Storage on Some Technological Properties of Corn Grains and Fatty Acids

The effect of storage after irradiation of corn grains on steeping process, starch isolation, quality of by-products and fatty acids composition of germ oil was investigated. It was found that post-irradiation storage led to a decrease in water absorption and protein solubilization during steeping process. The starch yield was lower, contained a high percentage of protein and was darker from above 500 Krads. Post-irradiation caused a change in the proportions and disappearance or induced new fatty acids in the corn germ oil.     

玉米湿磨生产浸泡工艺的研究进展

本文综述了国内外玉米浸泡工艺的发展,介绍了亚硫酸氢钠浸泡、SO2递减浸泡、乳酸浸泡、酶法浸泡、高压浸泡以及综合浸泡几种先进的工艺方法。这些工艺方法可缩短玉米浸泡时间,提高淀粉收率,为国内玉米浸泡工艺技术的应用提供了依据。     

H2O2玉米浸泡工艺及其浸泡液中菌群结构的变化

该文研究新型玉米浸泡工艺和玉米浸泡过程中菌群的结构组成与变化规律。利用H2O2与乳酸协同浸泡玉米,通过正交试验确定最优浸泡条件,并利用Miseq高通量测序技术对浸泡过程中的细菌进行多样性分析。正交试验表明,玉米浸泡的最优条件为初始乳酸浓度0.6%、乳酸作用时间16 h、H2O2浓度3%、H2O2作用时间22 h,在最优条件下,淀粉得率由传统工艺的56.02%提高到68.53%,浸泡时间缩短32 h。Miseq高通量测序分析结果表明,浸泡初期细菌结构组成较为丰富,一段时间后,乳酸杆菌Lactobacillaceae生长繁殖成为优势菌种并伴随运算的分类单位(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)水平的降低,浸泡末期Lactobacillaceae进入衰亡期,其他细菌数量明显增加。对浸泡液中细菌的群落结构与环境相关性进行分析,发现引起菌落结构差异的影响因素依次为乳酸含量、葡萄糖含量、浸泡液pH值、浸泡温度。     

Alkali Extraction of Starch from Corn Flour

The alkali steeping process was tested for extraction of starch from degerminated yellow corn flour. The effect of three process parameters, alkali concentration (0.1 and 0.4%), steep temperature (25 and 55°C) and steep time (30 and 90min) were evaluated for their effect on yield, protein and sodium contents of starch. Two-level full factorial design was used to investigate the process. The experimental results indicated that starch yield increased with increasing steep temperature and at low alkali concentration. All main effects and interactions were found to have significant effect on protein content in the extracted starch. The sodium content of the starch was effected by the three main effects and the three two-factor interaction effects. Conditions were identified that simultaneously produced a high starch yield, low protein and sodium contents were 0.1% alkali steep at 55°C for 30 min.     

玉米淀粉实验室提取方法研究

以普通黄马齿玉米为原料,采用湿法提取淀粉工艺,制得淀粉得率高、优质纯净玉米淀粉;通过大量实验设计筛选出最佳提取方案:浸泡温度50℃,乳酸和NaHSO3浓度均为0．5％,浸泡时间36 h,流槽倾斜度为0．015 cm／cm。     

纤维素酶对玉米淀粉生产中浸泡效果的影响

本研究通过使用纤维素粗酶制剂对湿法生产玉米淀粉的浸泡工艺的影响进行了研究,结果表明,纤维素粗酶制剂能够显著地缩短玉米淀粉生产的浸泡时间,降低了二氧化硫的使用浓度,在0.1%的二氧化硫浓度的浸泡液中添加0.3%纤维素粗酶制剂,作用时间为12h,其淀粉得率为57.0%,而使用传统的逆流法工艺(实验室模拟)浸泡48h的淀粉得率仅为54.1%。     

Effects of Nixtamalization and Grinding Conditions on the Starch in Masa

Starches from corn and sorghum masas were solubilized in water and their molecular characteristics were studied with high-performance, size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Rheological properties of masa (smoothness, plasticity and cohesiveness) that are developed during lime-cooking, steeping and grinding of cereals were correlated to the starch solubility. Corn and sorghum were processed at different cooking times and grinding conditions; and the starch in masa was extracted with water at 85°C and 120°C for HPSEC analysis. Starches from corn and sorghum masas were affected in a similar way by the nixtamalization process; however, sorghum starch was more soluble than corn starch in flour and masa. Alkaline-cooking, steeping and stone-grinding did not depolymerize the cereal starch. All masas contained less than 10% soluble solids of which 30 to 50% was starch solubilized. Soluble solids increased with longer cooking time and finer grinding. About 50% of the insoluble starch, which remained in the particulate solids of masas was solubilized in water at 120°C. The remaining starch was indispersible because either the starch remained inside endosperm pieces or inside gelatinized and retrograded gels. Several granular and molecular forms of starch were present in masa as a result of partial gelatinization, i.e. uncooked, swollen, and annealed starch granules, and soluble and retrograded amylose. Retrogradationo f starch polymers occurred during steeping of cooked corn and during cooling of masa after grinding. Masa, a unique dough system, resulted from a network of starch polymers, uncooked and partially gelatinized starch granules supporting the rest of the kernel components into a continuous phase of water.