Focussed crawling of environmental Web resources based on the combination of multimedia evidence

Focussed crawlers enable the automatic discovery of Web resources about a given topic by automatically navigating the Web link structure and selecting the hyperlinks to follow by estimating their relevance to the topic based on evidence obtained from the already downloaded pages. This work proposes a classifier-guided focussed crawling approach that estimates the relevance of a hyperlink to an unvisited Web resource based on the combination of textual evidence representing its local context, namely the textual content appearing in its vicinity in the parent page, with visual evidence associated with its global context, namely the presence of images relevant to the topic within the parent page. The proposed focussed crawling approach is applied towards the discovery of environmental Web resources that provide air quality measurements and forecasts, since such measurements (and particularly the forecasts) are not only provided in textual form, but are also commonly encoded as multimedia, mainly in the form of heatmaps. Our evaluation experiments indicate the effectiveness of incorporating visual evidence in the link selection process applied by the focussed crawler over the use of textual features alone, particularly in conjunction with hyperlink exploration strategies that allow for the discovery of highly relevant pages that lie behind apparently irrelevant ones.     

The LEMO annotation framework: weaving multimedia annotations with the web

Cultural institutions and museums have realized that annotations contribute valuable metadata for search and retrieval, which in turn can increase the visibility of the digital items they expose via their digital library systems. By exploiting annotations created by others, visitors can discover content they would not have found otherwise, which implies that annotations must be accessible and processable for humans and machines. Currently, however, there exists no widely adopted annotation standard that goes beyond specific media types. Most institutions build their own in-house annotation solution and employ proprietary annotation models, which are not interoperable with those of other systems. As a result, annotation data are usually stored in closed data silos and visible and processable only within the scope of a certain annotation system. As the main contribution of this paper, we present the LEMO Annotation Framework. It (1) provides a uniform annotation model for multimedia contents and various types of annotations, (2) can address fragments of various content-types in a uniform, interoperable manner and (3) pulls annotations out of closed data silos and makes them available as interoperable, dereferencable Web resources. With the LEMO Annotation Framework annotations become part of the Web and can be processed, linked, and referenced by other services. This in turn leads to even higher visibility and increases the potential value of annotations.     

Creating Web3D educational stories from crowdsourced annotations

3D representation and storytelling are two powerful means for educating students while engaging them. This paper describes a novel software architecture that couples them for creating engaging linear narrations that can be shared on the web. The architecture takes advantage of a previous work focused on the semantic annotation of 3D worlds that allows the users to go beyond the simple navigation of 3D objects, permitting to retrieve them with different search tools. The novelty of our architecture is that authors don’t have to build stories from scratch, but can take advantage of the crowdsourced effort of all the users accessing the platform, which can contribute providing assets or annotating objects. At our best knowledge no existing workflow includes the collaborative annotation of 3D worlds and the possibility to create stories on the top of it. Another feature of our design is the possibility for users to switch from and to any of the available activities during the same session. This integration offers the possibility to define a complex user experience, even starting from a simple linear narration. The visual interfaces of the system will be described in relation to a case study focused on culture heritage.     

多媒体资源库与教学资源特性研究

主要介绍由多媒体素材库、多媒体课件库和VOD视频点播系统组成的多媒体资源库的基本原理和与多媒体资源库直接相关的多媒体教学资源分类与特性分析研究，特别是流媒体技术的应用。     

基于.NET技术的Web多媒体课件系统研究

为解决当前Web应用程序在开发、部署、跨平台分布和移植性等方面存在的多种问题,针对基于．NET的Web多媒体课件的设计开发,讨论分析了软件实现的几个关键性．NET技术,如XML、后台编码、Web Service、数据库访问、服务器端控件和软件部署,并通过具体的分布式Web多媒体课件制作介绍了相关技术的应用。     

Notes and annotations as information resources in a social networking platform

Taking notes and annotations contributes in the learning process. Many platforms are developed as Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) thanks to advancements in new technologies. A common limitation of these platforms is the restricted ability to share/retrieve notes and annotations (Su, Yang, Hwang, & Zhang, 2010a). This is because the annotations in these platforms are disconnected from the information system and they are only accessible in the annotation system. As a result, the annotations could not be indexed as any other information resources (e.g., a document). This means that the annotations are not accessible/visible like other resources. In this paper, we present an original semantic model in which notes and annotations are modeled as information resources. The semantic model is used within the MEMORAe web platform. Then we detail an experiment of collaborative learning made within a university course using the MEMORAe web platform. The feedback of this experiment shows us that students are satisfied with the use of the MEMORAe web platform for helping them to index and retrieve notes and annotations as any information resources.     

R2LD: Schema-based Graph Mapping of relational databases to Linked Open Data for multimedia resources data

Multimedia Tools and Applications - The Web of Data used to share and interchange the diverse data of heterogeneous types on the Web has been actively established. Ontology-based Linked Open Data...     

Interchanging lexical resources on the Semantic Web

Lexica and terminology databases play a vital role in many NLP applications, but currently most such resources are published in application-specific formats, or with custom access interfaces, leading to the problem that much of this data is in “data silos” and hence difficult to access. The Semantic Web and in particular the Linked Data initiative provide effective solutions to this problem, as well as possibilities for data reuse by inter-lexicon linking, and incorporation of data categories by dereferencable URIs. The Semantic Web focuses on the use of ontologies to describe semantics on the Web, but currently there is no standard for providing complex lexical information for such ontologies and for describing the relationship between the lexicon and the ontology. We present our model, lemon, which aims to address these gaps while building on existing work, in particular the Lexical Markup Framework, the ISOcat Data Category Registry, SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) and the LexInfo and LIR ontology-lexicon models.     

Porting multimedia applications to the Open System Environment

To migrate DOS-based courseware to the Open System Environment (OSE), process creation and communication in Posix, a portable operating-system interface, were merged with a multilevel client-server architecture. This helped identify some problems that developers are likely to face when considering any operating-system or platform migration to the OSE. The OSE reference model is reviewed, and the proposed multilevel client-server software architecture developed to fully embody the DOS model in a distributed, portable OSE is outlined. The hardware and software of the interactive video delivery system used in the OSE are described     

Towards a multimedia World-Wide Web information retrieval engine

Search engines are useful because they allow the user to find information of interest from the World-Wide Web. However, most of the popular search engines today are textual; they do not allow the user to find images from the Web. This paper describes a search engine that integrates text and image search. One or more Web sites can be indexed for both textual and image information, allowing the user to search based on keywords or images or both. Another problem with the current search engines is that they show the results as pages of scrolled list; this is not very user-friendly. Therefore our search engine allows the user to visualize the results in various ways. This paper explains the indexing and searching techniques of the search engine and highlights several features of the querying interface to make the retrieval process more efficient. Examples are used to show the usefulness of the technology.     

基于Web Service开放系统结构的软件重用

提出了基于时间,空间与应用域三维软件重用行为特征空间的概念,指出软件重用 需解决3个原则性问题,并提出RSRPM面向开放系统的Web Service重用技术体重结构模型。在对RSRPM软件重用模式与实例的分析表明,它不仅重用了Web服务,同时还重用了服务提供系统的数据库结构与数据内容,使得开发周期从4人/月降低到了16人/天,开发效率提高了近10倍。     

Management of virtual network resources for multimedia applications

The Internet is the primary means for multimedia content sharing, playing a central role in the lifestyle of users. As a consequence, in the past few years, the traffic demand for access and edge networks has increased (video stream downloading, videoconferencing or even the broadcasting of video streams through the Internet), since multimedia applications have strict requirements, including high bandwidth, small amount of loss and low delay. To address this scenario, the edge as a service (EaaS) paradigm arises as a suitable approach to increasing the quality of Internet access. The EaaS uses network virtualization and software-defined networks to improve the resource utilization and manageability. Within this context, this article proposes a framework to manage the virtual network resource (VNR) according to the multimedia application characteristics, and not only the network requirements. Additionally, a study about the relationship between quality of experience (QoE) and VNR availability was performed to be used as a basis for a proposed resource allocation adjustment mechanism. Experiments using real multimedia traffic under distinct scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework to ensure the QoE of users through the management of the VNR.     

基于Web服务的软件资源共享研究

探讨了网络化制造中软件资源共享的必要性.讨论了支持软件资源共享的关键技——-Web服务。分析了在网络化制造环境中利用Web服务实现软件资源共享的可能性,提出了实现的解决方案。并介绍了我们开发的销售系统Web服务。说明了目前Web服务在软件资源共享中的局限性。     

语义Web中开放知识服务体系的研究

WWW是信息时代的重要标志。基于WWW的信息管理系统不仅要能运行在不同的平台上、分布的信息网络中,而且还能提供通用的平台与大量的、独立的、多类型的数据源和应用程序进行交互。开放知识服务体系OKSA就是为实现这一目标而提出的,在开放的Web资源环境中,建立动态的、跨平台的虚拟知识环境,使得人们能够获取、发布、共享和管理各种Web资源,并向用户提供按需的知识服务以支持协同工作、问题求解和决策支持等。     

Organising access to Evidence-Based Medicine resources on the Web

The continuing education is a challenge for health care professionals, considering the growing amount and variable quality of information in this field. In this context, we developed a method allowing clinicians to have a centralised access to the best current medical evidence supporting medical decision-making. Relevant data has been gathered according to the rules stated for Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) and organised in a free-of-charge Web site, created by using common software applications. The general aim of our study was to encourage individual practice of EBM by providing tutorials as well as a selection of free access tools for searching medical information on the Web. In addition to the education part, we provided clinicians, through a Web interface, with up-to-date, accurate and quality data obtained from heterogeneous sources and presented in a full text format when available. The developed methodology has been applied to human prostate cancer. URL address: http://www.ebm.lib.ulg.ac.be/prostate/index.htm.     

基于本体的Web资源个性化推荐算法

为提高Web资源推荐的准确度,提出基于本体的Web资源个性化推荐算法(BO-RM)。设计Web资源主题抽取算法和相似性度量方法,利用本体语义推理机制实现资源聚类,在推荐过程中通过实时分析用户浏览行为捕获用户个性化偏好的变化,动态实时推荐内容。与基于情境的协同过滤算法（CFR-RM）和基于模型的个性化预测算法（BM-RM）进行对比,结果显示BO-RM的时间开销相对稳定,在平均排序倒数(MRR)和平均准确率(MAP)上均取得了较好的效果。实验结果表明:BO-RM离线完成海量Web资源的分析聚类,有效提高了运行效率,实用性比较强;BO-RM实时捕捉用户兴趣变化,动态更新推荐列表,更加贴近用户的真实需求。     

Optimizing download time of embedded multimedia objects for Web browsing

Notoriously high delays in accessing Web pages loaded with massive multimedia objects are highly undesirable. Inspired by the requirements of news agencies and other information providers to include multimedia content in their pages, this paper proposes a new solution to the problem of minimizing the Web response time. We consider an environment that consists of a central multimedia repository and various sites physically dispersed. Our approach is based on simultaneous downloading of some of the embedded multimedia objects from the repository, and the rest from the regional servers. We propose a cost model to formalize the relative benefits of the proposed scheme, and design an algorithm that replicates multimedia objects so as to take advantage of concurrency in data transferring. An extensive simulation study evaluates the performance of the proposed replication policy under storage and processing capacity constraints, as well as with various network transfer rates. Comparisons are carried out with alternative schemes.