改性纳米MgO/PLLA复合薄膜的制备及性能

为了改善左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)的降解性,采用溶液共混法将PLLA和MgO纳米颗粒(MgO-NPs)进行复合,制备了一种具有良好力学性能的骨修复复合材料.结果显示:改性MgO纳米颗粒(g-MgO-NPs)在PLLA基体中的分散效果及界面结合性比未改性的好.4%(质量比)g-MgO-NPs的添加量使薄膜的拉伸强度从10.6 MPa增大到30.1 MPa,断裂伸长率从71%减小为59%,并使薄膜降解后的pH值趋于稳定,基本接近生理盐水的pH值.由此表明:g-MgO-NPs在一定程度上能改善聚乳酸复合膜的降解性及其力学性能.     

不同秸秆纤维增强聚己内酯复合材料的力学及降解性能研究

分别采用小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆纤维对聚己内酯进行改性,利用热压工艺得到了秸秆纤维/PCL复合材料;分别研究了小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆纤维的添加量对复合材料力学性能、降解性能的影响。研究结果表明:2种复合材料的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,通过比较2种复合材料的力学性能及降解性能,玉米秸秆纤维/PCL复合材料的性能相对较优。     

生物降解聚丁二酸丁二醇/1,3-丙二醇酯的合成与表征

以丁二酸、丁二醇和1,3- 丙二醇（1,3-PDO）为原料,采用熔融缩聚法,合成了-系列新型可降解的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/丁二酸1,3- 丙二醇酯共聚物 P（BS-co-PDO）.选用红外光谱仪和核磁共振仪对共聚物的化学结构进行了表征.研究了1,3-PDO的添加量对共聚物的相对分子质量、热性能、结晶性能、力学性能、透光率以及降解性能的影响.结果表明：随着1,3-PDO添加量的增加,共聚物的分子量、熔点和结晶度呈降低趋势;相对于聚丁二酸丁二醇酯而言,引入1,3-PDO组分的共聚物的热性能提高,柔韧性增强,断裂伸长率增大,透光率提高;降解测试结果表明,1,3-PDO组分含量越多,共聚物的降解性能越好.     

改性硬硼钙石/EVA复合材料的力学和阻燃性能研究

采用湿法对硬硼钙石粉进行表面改性,改性粉体的X射线衍射、红外光谱及接触角测试表明粉体表面获得了良好的修饰,疏水性大幅提高,接触角达到131.5°.在乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)中添加不同量的改性硬硼钙石粉体,研究了粉体填充量对EVA复合材料力学性能和燃烧性能的影响.TG-DTG热分析表明,添加硬硼钙石可降低EVA的分解率,提高树脂体系的分解温度.EVA复合材料的力学性能和燃烧性能测试表明:(1)当粉体填充量为30％时,对EVA复合材料体系的力学性能影响较小,有一定的阻燃性能,平均拉伸强度为11.07MPa,平均断裂伸长率达到784.9％;(2)当粉体填充量为40％时,阻燃性能较好,平均断裂伸长率为785.2％.     

胡萝卜可食性包装膜的制备及性能

目的 研究胡萝卜可食性食品包装膜,以替代塑料包装材料用于食品包装.方法 以胡萝卜为原材料,添加羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、海藻酸钠、甘油制备可食性膜,研究不同添加量对膜的抗拉强度、热封强度、断裂伸长率以及阻隔性能的影响,以抗拉强度为主要指标,通过正交试验进行工艺优化,并进行验证试验,对力学性能和其他性能进行测定.结果 每100 mL蒸馏水中最佳添加量,胡萝卜浆20 g,羧甲基纤维素2.5 g,海藻酸钠1.6 g,甘油1.5 mL,获得的可食性膜抗拉强度为5.71 MPa,热封强度(15 mm)为3.84 N,断裂伸长率为119.98％,透湿量为439.59 g/(m2·d),透氧量为4.96 cm3/(m2·d·kPa),溶解时间为35 s,膜平均厚度为0.183 mm.结论 根据实验结果,可以获得浅橙色、半透明、质地柔软均匀、平滑无气泡、具有一定强度和韧性、力学性能良好的可食性食品包装膜.     

添加剂对膨胀阻燃低密度聚乙烯性能的影响

本工作研究各种不同添加剂对低密度聚乙烯膨胀阻燃体系的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响.差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热失重法(TG)和力学性能测试结果表明:EVA可提高共混物的断裂伸长率,且能促进体系成炭;SiO2改善了体系的断裂强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度及阻燃性能;氧化剂(NH4)2SO4则取得了较好的阻燃效果.     

聚丙撑碳酸酯/三元乙丙橡胶共混改性弹性体的研究

将聚丙撑碳酸酯（ＰＰＣ）与三元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＴ）共混制成弹性体,研究了ＰＰＣ的添加量,硫化时间,硫化温度和添加炭黑对共混弹性体的物理力学性能,交联度的影响,研究发现,ＰＰＣ能与ＥＰＴ形成化学交联,加入一定量的ＰＰＣ能使ＥＰＴ弹性体的拉伸强度,断裂伸长率提高。     

纳米改性氢氧化铝与包覆红磷协效阻燃PBT的研究

以纳米改性氢氧化铝(CG-ATH)与包覆红磷(RP)为无卤阻燃剂,研究其对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。首先探讨了包覆红磷的添加量对PBT阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,然后固定包覆红磷用量,考察纳米CG-ATH的添加量对PBT/RP复合体系的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,纳米CG-ATH和包覆红磷能协效阻燃PBT复合体系,在包覆红磷添加量为10phr,纳米CG-ATH为20 phr时,PBT复合材料的氧指数从21%提高到30%,达到V-0级;复合材料的拉伸强度为57.0 M Pa,冲击强度为3.03 kJ/m2,断裂伸长率为5.79%,表明该PBT复合体系具有优良的阻燃性能和力学性能。     

微胶囊红磷阻燃木塑复合材料的性能研究

目的制备微胶囊红磷阻燃木塑复合材料,研究微胶囊红磷添加量对其力学性能、耐热性能和阻燃性能的影响,并扩大其应用范围。方法以微胶囊红磷为阻燃剂,将其添加到低密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯和木粉三元复合体系中,采用二次挤出造粒和注射成型法制备阻燃试样。研究材料的力学性能、耐热性能、应力破坏行为,确定材料的阻燃级别。结果与未添加微胶囊红磷的木塑材料相比,当微胶囊红磷添加量(质量分数)达到10%时,材料的冲击强度由17.4 kJ/m2提高到19.0 kJ/m2,抗拉强度由19.53 MPa提高到21.7 MPa,断裂伸长率提高了58.7%,初始分解温度提高了73.17℃,阻燃达到V-0级,氧指数达到28.7%。结论随着微胶囊红磷含量的增加,木塑复合材料的冲击强度、抗拉强度和断裂伸长率变大,初始分解温度提高,阻燃耐热性能变好;材料阻燃剂的添加量低,综合性能优良,在包装、建筑、家具等领域具有广泛应用前景。     

聚氯乙烯/氧化石墨烯薄膜的力学性能和热稳定性能

通过溶液共混法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)分散均匀的聚氯乙烯(PVC)/GO纳米复合薄膜,研究了薄膜的力学性能和热稳定性能。结果表明,微量GO能大幅度提高PVC的模量和拉伸强度,且保持较高的断裂伸长率。在PVC中添加质量分数为0.12%的GO,PVC的拉伸强度提高63%,杨氏模量提高20%;添加量为0.60%时,PVC的拉伸强度提高125%,杨氏模量提高126%.添加GO还能提高PVC的起始分解温度、最大分解温度以及PVC的成碳量。GO片层具有较高的强度和模量、GO在高分子基体内的均匀分散、GO和PVC之间较强的相互作用、GO与PVC的层状结构,是其力学性能提高的主要原因.     

AA改性纳米CaCO3/聚丙烯的力学性能

用熔融挤出法制备了丙烯酸(AA)改性纳米CaCO3／PP母料及复合材料，系统研究了两种粒径的纳米CaCO3、单体AA和引发剂DCP的用量，以及制备母料的不同基体对纳米CaCO3／PP复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明纳米CaCO3／PP复合材料的力学性能高于微米CaCO3／PP复合材料，纳米CaCO3对PP有增强增韧作用。在制备母料过程中加入AA，有助于进一步提高纳米CaCO3／PP复合材料的力学性能。加入少量DCP也有利于提高复合材料的力学性能。制备母料的基体为粉状PP的力学性能高于粒状PP。     

粘土粒径对粘土胶物理性能影响的研究

用超声波和离心方法将两种来源不同的粘土样品按粒径分级，制备相应级分的粘土胶进行物理机械性能测试及电镜观察。结果表明，在一定范围内，粘土粒径的变化仅对粘土胶的某些力学性能产生明显的影响，对不同粘土样品，这种影响有差异。而未经分级的粘土也对橡胶产生较好的补强作用。     

一种基于有序硬段的可生物降解聚氨酯的制备及性能

以聚乙二醇(PEG,Mn=600、1000)为引发剂,L-丙交酯(L-LA)为单体,在辛酸亚锡存在下开环聚合合成了三嵌段预聚物聚丙交酯-聚乙二醇-聚丙交酯(PLA-PEG-PLA),然后以具有有序结构的二氨基甲酸酯基二异氰酸酯(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯-1,4-丁二醇-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,HBH)扩链制备了一种可生物降解的脂肪族聚氨酯(PU-I、PU-II)。作为对比,以4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)作为扩链剂合成了芳香族聚氨酯(PU-III)。通过核磁共振、红外光谱、超高分辨质谱、凝胶渗透色谱等对预聚物、扩链剂、聚氨酯的化学结构进行了表征。通过对PU-I、PU-II和PU-III膜热性能、力学性能和体外降解性能的对比,研究了有序硬段对聚氨酯性能的影响。结果表明,相对于PU-III,PU-I具有更好的力学性能(断裂强度21 MPa,断裂伸长率840%)和较快的体外降解(19d);随着亲水链段PEG含量的增加,PU膜(PUII)的断裂强度降低,断裂伸长率增加,同时体外降解速率变快。该类型的脂肪族聚氨酯具有降解产物无毒、合适的力学性能和降解性能,可替代传统的芳香族聚氨酯,在医疗行业中有更广泛的用途。     

Long-term biodegradation and associated hydrogen evolution of duplex-structured Mg-Li-Al-(RE) alloys and their mechanical properties

Preliminary in vivo tests of two magnesium alloys, i.e. AE21 and WE43, as biodegradable vascular stent materials, have yielded encouraging results. However, their degradation is desired to be prolonged, mechanical stability over a defined time improved and ductility needed for stent expansion enhanced. A search for alternative magnesium alloys that can better meet these clinical requirements is needed. The present research aimed to evaluate the long-term degradation behavior, hydrogen evolution rates and mechanical properties of three lithium-containing magnesium alloys, namely LA92, LAE912 and LAE922 with a duplex crystal structure, in comparison with those of a WE-type alloy. Immersion tests in Hank's balanced salt solution for 600 days showed that the LA92 alloy degraded much less than the LAE912 and the LAE922 alloys. It even outperformed the WE-type alloy after immersion for 94 days. Moreover, unlike the other three alloys investigated, the LA92 alloy displayed a steady hydrogen evolution rate over the whole period of immersion tests. In addition, it possessed an elongation value of 33%, being much higher than the WE-type alloy. Thus, this alloy has a greater potential of meeting the requirements of radially expandable stents in mechanical properties and degradation performance.     

功能化木粉/低密度聚乙烯热塑母料的制备及界面融合性

以研究功能化木粉/低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）热塑母料的流变及界面融合性为目的,采用超声波辅助碱预处理制备苄基化杨木粉（Wd-Ar）,通过熔融共混挤出造粒制备了Wd-Ar/LDPE热塑母料。研究Wd-Ar/LDPE热塑母料界面相容性、熔体流动性、热软化点、热融合特性以及表面自由能的变化。结果表明:SEM显示,与未处理木粉（Wd）相比,塑化母料与LDPE的界面融合性增强;由XRD结果分析可知热塑母料结晶度减弱,热软化点有所降低,熔体流动速率提高,总表面自由能下降,非极性分量自由能增加;Wd-Ar可降低与LDPE混合物料的平衡扭矩,有效改善复合材料的熔体加工性能、界面融合性及力学性能。当LDPE含量为20wt%时,Wd-Ar/LDPE复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸断裂伸长率及弯曲强度分别提高了2.55、4.55和2.27倍,表明Wd-Ar与LDPE复合材料间的界面黏结性增强。      

Influence of carbon nanotube-polymeric compatibilizer masterbatches on morphological, thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of polyethylene

Study was made of the effect of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polymeric compatibilizer on thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE). The composites were prepared by melt mixing in two steps. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were melt mixed with maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PEgMA) as polymeric compatibilizer to produce a PEgMA-CNT masterbatch containing 20 wt% of CNTs. The masterbatch was then added to HDPE to prepare HDPE nanocomposites with CNT content of 2 or 6 wt%. The unmodified and modified (hydroxyl or amine groups) CNTs had similar effects on the properties of HDPE-PEgMA indicating that only non-covalent interactions were achieved between CNTs and matrix. According to SEM studies, single nanotubes and CNT agglomerates (size up to 1 μm) were present in all nanocomposites regardless of content or modification of CNTs. Addition of CNTs to HDPE-PEgMA increased decomposition temperature, but only slight changes were observed in crystallization temperature, crystallinity, melting temperature, and coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE). Young’s modulus and tensile strength of matrix clearly increased, while elongation at break decreased. Measured values of Young’s moduli of HDPE-PEgMA-CNT composites were between the values of Young’s moduli for longitudinal (E₁₁) and transverse (E₂₂) direction predicted by Mori-Tanaka and Halpin-Tsai composite theories. Addition of CNTs to HDPE-PEgMA did not change the tribological properties of the matrix. Because of its higher crystallinity, PEgMA possessed significantly different properties from HDPE matrix: better mechanical properties, lower friction and wear, and lower CLTE in normal direction. Interestingly, the mechanical and tribological properties and CLTEs of HDPE-PEgMA-CNT composites lie between those of PEgMA and HDPE.     

Morphology and mechanical properties of bisphenol A polycarbonate/poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) blends based clay nanocomposites

Two organic modified clays (Cloisite®30B (CL30B) and PCL/Cloisite®30B masterbatch (MB30B)) were used to improve the mechanical properties of polycarbonate (PC)/poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) blends. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of the melt blended nanocomposites revealed that partially exfoliated and partially degraded structure was obtained and the clay platelets were located mostly in the SAN phase and at the two-phase boundary. Dispersion of the clay platelets is better when MB30B were used. The mechanical properties of the clays filled nanocomposites vary accordingly and when MB30B is used better mechanical properties can be achieved. Tensile strength increases 41% at maximum as the CL30B loading is 5 wt.%, while elongation at break decreases dramatically. Impact strength can be improved up to 430% compared to the pure blend when 1 wt.% MB30B was used.     

Reinforcing brittle and ductile epoxy matrices using carbon nanotubes masterbatch

In this study, the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites using two different forms of carbon nanotubes (powder and masterbatch) were investigated. Composites were prepared by loading the surface-modified CNT powder and/or CNT masterbatch into either ductile or brittle epoxy matrices. The results show that 3 wt.% CNT masterbatch enhances Young’s modulus by 20%, tensile strength by 30%, flexural strength by 15%, and 21.1 °C increment in the glass transition temperature (by 34%) of ductile epoxy matrix. From scanning electron microscopy images, it was observed that the CNT masterbatch was uniformly distributed indicating the pre-dispersed CNTs in the masterbatch allow an easier path for preparation of CNT-epoxy composites with reduced agglomeration of CNTs. These results demonstrate a good CNT dispersion and ductility of epoxy matrix play a key role to achieve high performance CNT-epoxy composites.     

纳米CaCO3/PP复合纤维的制备及力学性能研究

通过共混包覆法与母粒法制备出纳米CaCO3/PP复合纤维,研究了2种工艺对复合纤维力学性能和分散性能的影响,分析了其力学性能的不匀率,并讨论了其增强机理.结果表明,在共混包覆法中,高速混合机所提供的高剪切力和聚合物的强黏附性使纳米CaCO3在PP中具有良好的分散性,由FTIP可知在纳米CaCO3与PP之间形成了C-O-Ca键,使纳米粒子与PP基体形成较强的结合力,进而提高了纤维的强度,且加工简易,有效地降低了生产成本,而母粒法效果较差.     

PLA/PBS荧光复合材料的制备及性能研究

目的 聚乳酸(PLA)具有良好的加工性能和生物相容性,通过加入耐热性能好的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)可改善其力学性能和热力学性能,再加入365 nm长波荧光粉和色母粒制得的复合材料使其获得荧光防伪性能与色彩性能。方法 以聚乳酸为基体,利用双螺杆挤出机将PLA、PBS、荧光粉、普通色母熔融共混后挤出,得到含不同比例PBS的PLA/PBS共混材料,含不同比例荧光粉的PLA/PBS荧光复合材料,以及含不同比例色母的彩色PLA/PBS荧光复合材料,并对复合材料进行力学性能分析、热力学性能分析、红外分析、色彩性能分析、微观形貌分析等。结果 通过实验得出,当PLA/PBS质量比为6/4、荧光粉质量分数为5%、色母质量分数为0.5%时综合性能最佳。结论 制备了有色PLA/PBS荧光复合材料,赋予复合材料防伪的荧光性能和美观性,并且得到热力学性能有所改善的环境友好型复合材料,拓宽了PLA在3D打印领域和现代工业领域的应用。