亚临界水提取热稳定脱脂米糠蛋白

利用亚临界水在不同温度（100～200 ℃）和时间（0～30 min）条件下提取热稳定脱脂米糠（heat stable defatted rice bran,HSDRB）中的蛋白质。研究在不同提取条件下提取物中蛋白质含量、总糖含量、氨基酸组成、 分子质量分布以及色差。结果表明：在提取温度175 ℃、提取时间30 min时,提取物中蛋白质及氨基酸的含量最 高,分别为50%和48.6 mg/g HSDRB;在此条件下,氨基酸具有最高的疏水性（1.8 kJ/mol）以及最高的必需氨基酸 含量（14.8 mg/g HSDRB）;温度对提取物颜色具有显著影响,L*值与提取物中蛋白质含量呈负相关关系,而a*值 与提取物中蛋白质含量呈正相关关系;提取物中的疏水性成分主要为小分子物质。     

红蓝草枝和叶提取物不同萃取部位体外抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

以红蓝草枝和叶为原料，探究其乙醇提取物和不同溶剂萃取部位的抗氧化及抑菌活性。采用Folin-Ciocalteu法和NaNO₂-Al(NO₃)₃法分别测定乙醇提取物及各萃取部位总酚和黄酮含量；以清除DPPH·、ABTS⁺·和总还原力为指标评价各部位抗氧化能力并分析抗氧化作用与两种成分之间的相关性。同时，采用牛津杯法测定各部位对常见致病菌的抑菌活性。结果表明，红蓝草枝和叶的乙酸乙酯部位总酚含量最高，分别达79.76 mg/g和80.21 mg/g；枝的氯仿部位和叶的乙醇提取物黄酮含量最高，分别为95.88 mg/g和96.75 mg/g。相关性分析显示红蓝草的抗氧化能力与其酚类含量具有较强相关性。在试验浓度范围内，红蓝草不同组织部位以及不同极性溶剂影响抗氧化及抑菌效果，枝的抗氧化效果优于叶，叶的抑菌效果优于枝。以枝的乙酸乙酯部位，叶的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位抗氧化和抑菌效果更为明显，值得进一步研究与开发。     

黄花菜不同品种及不同部位营养与功能成分差异性研究

对比黄花菜不同品种及不同部位蛋白质、总糖、脂肪、黄酮和多酚等营养功能成分含量,研究黄花菜不同品种及不同部位营养功能成分差异。结果发现不同品种黄花菜中猛子花蛋白质及脂肪含量较高,祁珍花总糖及总黄酮含量较高;植株中以叶的脂肪、总黄酮及总多酚含量最高,以花的总糖及蛋白质含量最高;花的不同部位中,总黄酮及总多酚主要存在于花药中。不同品种黄花菜、整株黄花菜的不同部位以及黄花菜花不同部位营养功能成分含量存在较大差异。     

啤酒花废弃枝叶多酚、黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的相关性分析

采用不同极性溶剂对新疆种植的札一和马可波罗啤酒花废弃枝叶的乙醇提取物进行不同极性部位的分 离,以羟自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸及磷钼酸4 个不同的抗氧化活性评价体系 对获得的各提取物的抗氧化活性进行比较性研究,并与提取物中多酚、黄酮含量进行相关性分析。结果表明, 乙醇提取物及各极性部位均具有一定的抗氧化性。其中,乙酸乙酯提取物中的多酚和黄酮的含量均最高,其在主 枝、侧枝和叶子的含量范围分别为5.80～34.20 mg/g和2.00～18.00 mg/g;水相中最低,上述各物质的含量范围仅为 0.73～11.05 mg/g和0.06～5.74 mg/g。相关性分析表明,啤酒花主枝、侧枝和叶子抗氧化活性与其多酚、黄酮含量 具有显著的相关关系（P＜0.05）。     

河南烤烟（40级）石油醚提取物含量的研究

烟草石油醚提取物对烟叶综合质量有着重要影响，因此，研究不同等级烟叶石油醚提取物具有重要意义。本实验测定了河南烤烟（４０级）各等级烟叶石油醚提取物的含量。通过分析可知：颜色相同时以中部叶石油醚提取物含量最高，上部叶次之，下部叶最低；部位相同时烟叶颜色越深，石油醚提取物含量越高；部位相同颜色相同时烟叶等级越高，石油醚提取物含量越高，此外，石油醚提取物的含量还与烟叶成熟度、叶片结构等有关系，这对研究各等     

亚临界水提取热稳定脱脂米糠蛋白(英文)

利用亚临界水在不同温度(100~200℃)和时间(0~30 min)条件下提取热稳定脱脂米糠(heat stable defatted rice bran,HSDRB)中的蛋白质。研究在不同提取条件下提取物中蛋白质含量、总糖含量、氨基酸组成、分子质量分布以及色差。结果表明:在提取温度175℃、提取时间30 min时,提取物中蛋白质及氨基酸的含量最高,分别为50%和48.6 mg/g HSDRB;在此条件下,氨基酸具有最高的疏水性(1.8 kJ/mol)以及最高的必需氨基酸含量(14.8 mg/g HSDRB);温度对提取物颜色具有显著影响,L*值与提取物中蛋白质含量呈负相关关系,而a*值与提取物中蛋白质含量呈正相关关系;提取物中的疏水性成分主要为小分子物质。     

壳聚糖涂膜对无花果冷藏保鲜效果的研究

研究了壳聚糖涂膜法对无花果冷藏保鲜效果的影响,测定了无花果的失重率、多酚氧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性,以及总酸度、VC含量、蛋白质含量和还原糖含量。结果表明:壳聚糖涂膜处理可有效防止无花果贮存时的失重率的增加;降低多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,利于防止无花果的褐变;维持了无花果总酸度、VC含量以及蛋白质含量,降低了还原糖含量,保持了无花果的品质。     

不同年生和不同部位人参样品有效成分的比较

比较不同年生和不同部位人参中单体皂苷、总皂苷、总多糖、氨基酸、蛋白质的含量差异,旨在为全面评价及综合利用人参提供参考依据。采用超高效液相色谱法、香草醛-硫酸显色法、苯酚-硫酸显色法、阳离子交换色谱法、杜马斯燃烧法分别对不同年生及不同部位的人参中单体皂苷、总皂苷、总多糖、17 种氨基酸、粗蛋白的含量进行测定,比较其差异。不同年生（3～6 a）样品中单体皂苷、总皂苷、氨基酸、粗蛋白含量为6 a生人参最高,分别为30.94、59.77、96.53、170.11 mg/g;总多糖含量为5 a生最高,为22.80 mg/g。5 a生根的不同入药部位（芦头/主根/侧根/须根）样品中总多糖、氨基酸、粗蛋白含量为芦头最高,分别为25.94、121.76、193.36 mg/g;单体皂苷和总皂苷含量为须根最高,分别为75.01、67.94 mg/g。5 a生不同生物学部位（根/茎/叶/花）人参样品中总多糖含量为叶最高,为35.09 mg/g;单体皂苷、总皂苷、氨基酸、粗蛋白含量为花最高,分别为105.99、113.78、137.53、255.05 mg/g。人参皂苷生物活性研究表明,不同年生皂苷含量为6 a生人参最高,5 a生不同部位中皂苷含量为人参花中最高,从营养成分更全面的角度分析,亦是6 a生人参和5 a生人参花中营养成分含量更高。     

香料烟叶片成熟过程中生理变化初步研究

对不同衰老程度叶片的研究结果表明，香料烟叶片的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量、光合速率及过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性随衰老程度加深而降低，过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性及丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量随叶片衰老而提高。对不同部位（上部、中部和下部）和不同成熟度（欠熟、适熟和过熟）叶片的研究结果表明，同一部位的叶片随着成熟度的提高，其ＣＡＴ活性、叶绿素含量及光合速率明显降低，ＰＯＤ活性明显提高。同一成熟度的叶片，其ＣＡＴ和ＰＯＤ活性在下、中、上三个部位间呈“Ｖ”型变化。同一成熟度叶片的还原糖含量随叶片着生部位升高而增加，而蛋白质含量在下、中、上三个部位间表现为“Ｖ”型变化。同一部位不同成熟度叶片的还原糖含量变化趋势是适熟叶＞过熟叶＞欠熟叶；蛋白质含量变化则为过熟叶＞适熟叶＞欠熟叶。适熟期及时采收有利于获得高质量的香料烟叶。     

不同品种脱脂核桃粉营养成分及功能特性的研究

核桃中含有丰富的蛋白，为了探讨不同品种脱脂核桃粉的营养成分和功能性，以新新2号、新早丰、扎343、新温81和新温185为原料，对其化学基本成分、氨基酸、蛋白质二级结构、乳化性、起泡性、持水力、持油力和动态流变特性进行了研究。试验结果表明，新新2号脱脂核桃粉中水分、粗多糖、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu含量最高，灰分含量最低；新早丰脱脂核桃粉，蛋白质含量最低；扎343核桃粕Se、脂肪、必需氨基酸含量最高；新温81脱脂核桃粉蛋白质、灰分、Ca、总氨基酸含量最高，脂肪、粗多糖含量最低；新温185脱脂核桃粉的水分、总氨基酸含量最低；脱脂核桃粉中含有较高的谷氨酸含量（6.30%～8.13%），二级结构均以β-折叠为主；5种核桃粕粉起泡性都较低，乳化稳定性都较高；持水力和持油力最高的品种都为新新2号；动态流变特性测定结果表明，不同品种核桃粕粉的储藏模量（G′）、损失模量（G′′）以及黏度均呈现出不同的变化趋势，其中新温185的G′、G′′和黏度最大，扎343次之，新温81最小。     

Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of different parts of guava (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Psidium guajava</Emphasis> L.)

The antioxidant and the tyrosinase inhibitory activities of 4 different solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water) for preparation of extracts from guava (branch, fruit, leaf, and seed) were evaluated by measuring total phenolic contents (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power (RP), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The extracts of branch and leaf showed relatively higher antioxidant properties than those of fruit and seed. The highest TPC (141.28 mg/g gallic acid equivalents), DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀=34.01 μg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀=3.23 μg/mL), and RP (IC₅₀= 75.63 μg/mL) were found in acetone extract of leaf, while water extract of seed had the lowest antioxidant activity. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of ethanol extract from guava leaf was 69.56%, which was the highest activity among the extracts. These results indicate that useful bioactive substances exist in the guava branch as well as leaf extracts.     

基于因子分析的无花果引进品种果实品质性状综合评价

建立5 个无花果品种的果实品质综合评价体系,为筛选优良品种提供依据。以山东引进的‘布兰瑞克’、 ‘丰产黄’、‘日本紫果’、‘美丽亚’和‘波姬红’5 个无花果品种为试材,测定其4 项外观指标和10 项内在营 养品质指标,对14 项指标进行相关性分析和因子分析,建立基于因子分析的综合品质评价模型,并根据综合品质 得分进行优良度排序。结果表明：5 个无花果品种14 项果实品质性状变异程度不同,其中VC含量间的差异最大, 单果质量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比、固酸比和镁含量间的差异均中等,其余指标间的差异均相对较小,且品质指 标间均存在不同的相关性。经因子分析提取出3 个特征根大于1的公因子,累计方差贡献率为93.486%,其中第1公 因子的贡献率为47.242%,包含单果质量、果实纵径、可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量与可滴定酸含量比、可溶性固 形物含量与可滴定酸含量比、铁、镁和钙含量8 个指标;第2公因子的贡献率为27.150%,包含果实横径、果形指数 和VC含量3 个指标;第3公因子的贡献率为19.094%,包含可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量和钾3 个指标。经综合 品质评价模型得出,5 个无花果品种果实综合品质得分的优良度排序依次为‘布兰瑞克’、‘美丽亚’、‘日本紫 果’、‘波姬红’和‘丰产黄’。     

Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of different parts of oriental cherry (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea)

Six different parts (branch, flesh, flower, fruit, leaf, and seed) of oriental cherry (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea) were extracted with ethanol or water, then total phenol content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extracts were evaluated. The ethanol extracts showed higher TPC and antioxidant activity than the water extracts regardless of parts. The ethanol extracts of leaf as well as branch possessed superior TPC and antioxidant activity. The highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity was found in ethanol extract of leaf. There was no dramatic difference of tyrosinase inhibitory activities according to parts of cherry. The results suggest that leaf and branch of oriental cherry could be a candidate for antioxidant and anti-whitening materials in food or cosmetic industries.     

不同花生品种高产生理参数研究

以远杂9102和国内生产上种植面积较大的两个小果型品种白沙1016、鲁花12号及两个大果型品种海花1号、豫花15号为材料,考查叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、叶片可溶性糖含量、经济系数等重要生理参数。结果表明,远杂9102功能叶叶绿素含量在小果品种中最高,叶片叶绿素含量在生长后期减少的速度慢于同类型其它品种;叶面积指数位于最适叶面积范围之内;叶片可溶性糖含量在成熟期还保持增长趋势;是参试品种中经济系数最高的品种。由此说明,远杂9102具有高产的生理基础。     

Evaluation of Phenolic Content,Antioxidant Activity,and Nutritional Composition of Cordia evolutior (Clarke) Gamble

The objectives of this study were to determine phenolic content, antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from different parts of Cordia evolutior (leaf, bark, and fruit), and nutrition composition. The leaf extract showed the highest total phenolic content (25.40 ± 0.34 mg GAE/g extract) and total flavonoid content (69.70 ± 3.37mg RE/g extract) accompanied with the best antioxidant activity through all antioxidant assays. The fruit proximate compositions of crude protein, ash, carbohydrate, fiber, and fat were analyzed. Macro-nutrient contents were found to be higher in the fruit when compared to micronutrients. The analysis also showed the presence of almost all of the essential and non-essential amino acids. Linolenic acid content was higher than stearic acid among the fatty acids in the fruit.     

富硒灵芝中不同蛋白提取物的组成特性及抗氧化活性研究

研究了富硒灵芝中不同蛋白质提取物的组成特性及其抗氧化活性。在富硒灵芝的4种蛋白质提取物中,水溶性蛋白提取物具有最高的硒含量(2.771 mg Se/g pr),最多种类的蛋白质组成(13条带)和最为宽泛的蛋白质分子质量范围(22~107 ku),以及最强的自由基清除活性。碱溶性蛋白提取物具有最少的糖含量,而醇溶性蛋白提取物具有与其它3种提取物不同的氨基酸组成。清除羟基和超氧自由基的活性由弱到强的顺序为:醇溶<盐溶<碱溶<水溶,这个趋势与4种提取物的单位质量蛋白中硒含量的趋势一致。水溶性蛋白提取物是进行进一步纯化和研究的最为理想的提取物。     

OXIDATIVE ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND SOLUBLE PROTEIN CONTENT IN LEAVES AND FRUITS OF OLIVES DURING RIPENING

Changes in the content and composition of soluble proteins and the activities of ionically bound peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase in leaves and fruits of olive trees Olea europaea cv. Zard from three regions during “on” and “off” years were evaluated. It was shown that peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities were low at early fruit developmental stages, gradually increased and were the highest at full fruit development (120–135 days after fruit set), and remained relatively high throughout ripening and softening stage. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for characterization of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzymes in leaf and fruit extracts. Isoenzymes were assessed in extracts from different regions and it was observed that some isoenzymes were only present at full fruit maturity. The protein content and its expression was estimated and characterized, and it was shown that protein content increased during various stages of fruit growth and remained the highest at full fruit ripening. The increase in enzyme activity from leaves and fruits was accompanied by differential expression of isoenzymes and the protein bands between 20 to 37 KDa, that seems to be a marker of full fruit maturity. It was also concluded that in all cases protein content and enzyme activities in leaves and fruits of olive trees during “on” years are considerably lower than those during “off” years.     

喷施硒肥对大豆理化指标和品质的影响

通过对大豆叶面喷施不同浓度、不同次数的硒肥，研究了硒肥对大豆生理生化指标及品质的影响，结果表明，叶片中非酶类物质可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量增加，丙二醛含量减少，保护酶系中过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性增强，对提高植株抵御不良环境的能力有重要的作用；籽粒中粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和硒含量均有增加，明显改善了大豆品质。试验说明，喷施硒肥配制适当浓度与施肥次数相结合能增强大豆作物抗性，改善大豆作物品质。     

Effects of foliar and fruit addition of sodium selenate on selenium accumulation and fruit quality

BACKGROUND: We investigated the effects of the foliar and fruit application of sodium selenate on selenium (Se) accumulation, fruit growth and ripening in peach and pear. Trials were conducted in two growing seasons. In 2008 selenate was applied at a rate of 0.1 and 1.0 mg Se L^?1 to the leaves of peach. In 2009 selenate was applied at a rate of 1 mg Se L^?1 via foliar (LT) or fruit (FT) application to peach and pear. RESULTS: The foliar addition of selenate to peach resulted in an increase in Se concentration both in leaves and fruit. The higher Se content in fruit resulted in an increase in flesh firmness and a decrease in soluble solid content. LT significantly increased the Se content in the leaves and fruit of peach and pear, and leaves showed the highest Se concentrations. FT increased the fruit Se concentration in both crops, and it was more effective than LT in increasing Se content. After storage, flesh firmness decreased in all treatments, but it was significantly higher in FT compared to LT and control samples. CONCLUSION: Foliar and fruit selenium spraying appeared effective in increasing the Se content of fruit in peach and pear. The enhanced Se concentration affected the shelf life of fruit, delaying the reduction in flesh firmness and fruit ripening, thus positively affecting fruit storage. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effect of added L-ascorbic acid,and sodium chloride on the change in concentration of some volatiles in pressurised peach homogenate during storage

White peach (Prunus persica L cv Yamane) homogenates with sugar (20%), or with sugar (20%) and/or L -ascorbic acid (0·1%) and/or sodium chloride (0·5%), were packed in plastic bottles, pressurised (400 MPa, 20°C, 10 min), and then stored at 0 and 25°C for various periods. The headspace volatiles which were absorbed on Tenax TA using dynamic headspace sampling were heat desorbed and analysed by capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Enzymatic formation of benzaldehyde during storage was observed in all samples. The homogenate with L -ascorbic acid showed the highest level of benzaldehyde formation. The flavour quality and colour of the pressurised homogenates with ascorbic acid stored at lower temperature were excellent. © 1997 SCI.