陈年生普与熟普的黄烷醇类活性成分分析

采用Folin-Ciocalteu比色法和LC-DAD-ESI-MS法对陈年生普(以下简称APT)和熟普(以下简称YPT)中总多酚(The total phenolic,TPC)和黄烷醇类活性成分进行分析。研究结果表明,从APT和YPT中确定了8种黄烷醇类活性成分,它们分别是儿茶素(C)、表儿茶素(EC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、没食子儿茶素(GC)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(GCG)、儿茶素没食子酸酯(CG)。2种茶中GC含量差异不显著,APT中的TPC和其余7种黄烷醇类化合物含量均显著高于YPT中。不同产地普洱茶的TPC和8种黄烷醇类化合物含量差异不显著,不同年份差异显著。主成分分析法(PCA)和层次聚类分析(HCA)依据TPC和黄烷醇类化合物能将APT和YPT很好的聚类,成功区分出APT和YPT样品;除GC外的其余7种黄烷醇类化合物和TPC均是很好的化学标记。     

普洱茶抗氧化活性成分的LC-MS分析

采用不同的有机溶剂分步萃取普洱茶的水提物,得到氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇等物质.采用有机自由基二苯基苦基偕腙肼(DPPH)的分光光度法比较各提取物的清除自由基能力.结果表明普洱茶水提物中的乙酸乙酯萃取层组分对DPPH自由基有最强的清除能力.通过液质联用分析.从普洱茶乙酸乙酯层中鉴定出4类化合物1.酚酸类(3个)4-羟基苯甲酸、二羟基苯甲酸、没食子酸;2.儿茶素类(7个)儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿荼素、表儿荼素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿荼素没食子酸酯、表阿福豆素-3-O-没食子酸酯3.儿茶素衍生物(9个)原花青色素二聚物及特征性的金鸡纳素型氧化黄烷醇类内酯化合物.包括普洱茶素A与B、表儿茶素-[8,7-e]-4α-(4-羟基苯)-3,4-二氢-2(3H)-吡喃酮、表儿茶素-[8,7-e]-4α-(3,4-二羟基苯)-3,4-二氢-2(3H)-吡喃酮、表没食子儿茶素-[8,7-e]-4α-(3,4-二羟基苯)-3,4-二氢-2(3H)-吡喃酮、表儿茶素-[8,7-e]-4p-(4-羟基苯)-3,4-二氢-2(3H)-吡喃酮、表儿茶素-[8,7-e]-4β-(3,4-二羟基苯)-3,4-二氢-2(3H)-吡喃酮、表没食子儿茶素-[8,7-e]-4β-(3,4-二羟基苯)-3,4-二氢-2(3H)-吡喃酮;4.黄酮醇及其糖苷类(6个)槲皮素、槲皮素-3-O-b-D葡萄糖甙、槲皮素-鼠李糖、槲皮素-芸香苷、槲皮素-已糖-鼠李糖-鼠李糖、山奈酚-芦丁糖苷.     

橡子仁萃取物成分分析及对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

为探索橡子仁萃取物的成分组成及对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,以栓皮栎橡子仁为材料,采用超声波辅助乙醇提取和有机溶剂萃取,制备橡子仁乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水萃取物,通过紫外吸收光谱、高效液相色谱分析各萃取物的化学成分组成,通过抑制率测定、抑制动力学和荧光猝灭试验分析各萃取物的体外抑酶效果及作用机制。结果表明:三种橡子仁萃取物结构高度相似,主要为单宁类物质;乙酸乙酯萃取物含表儿茶素没食子酸酯、没食子酸、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯等9种物质;正丁醇萃取物含表儿茶素没食子酸酯、儿茶素、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯等16种物质;水萃取物含没食子酸、绿原酸等21种物质。三种橡子仁萃取物均可有效抑制α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水萃取物对α-淀粉酶的半抑制浓度（IC₅₀）分别为1.047、1.122、4.031 mg/mL,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC₅₀值分别为0.014、0.028、0.037 mg/mL。三种萃取物对两种酶的酶抑制类型多为混合型抑制,荧光猝灭类型多是以静态猝灭为主,动态猝灭为辅的混合猝灭。     

基于多酚类物质差异性判别普洱生茶的贮藏年限

以茶叶中多酚类物质作为判别普洱茶贮藏年限的指标,开展贮藏年限研究。以18种代表性多酚类成分作为特征物质,通过高效液相色谱仪测定,结合主成分分析、聚类分析和偏最小二乘判别法研究不同贮藏年限普洱生茶中多酚类物质的变化特征。结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,普洱生茶中儿茶素类组分含量呈逐渐下降的趋势,茶黄素类组分含量呈逐渐上升的趋势,黄酮及黄酮苷类成分中部分组分呈下降趋势,而部分组分呈上升趋势。化学计量学分析表明:相同贮藏年限的普洱生茶样品可聚集在一起,而不同贮藏年限样品之间呈现分离结果。经偏最小二乘判别法分析,不同贮藏年限普洱生茶样品呈现明显的分离趋势。依据偏最小二乘法分析中变量(变量值1)重要性分析结果,结合含量差异性分析结果,没食子酸、山奈酚、茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯7种多酚成分被视为特征性标志成分,可用于鉴别普洱生茶贮藏时间。     

槟榔嫩果中儿茶素的液相色谱质谱联用测定

采用甲醇超声提取槟榔嫩果中的儿茶素,先用石油醚除去杂质,再用乙酸乙酯萃取,提取物经抽真空浓缩,高效液相色谱- 质谱联用法测定。结果表明：槟榔嫩果中儿茶素类组分为(+)- 儿茶素和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯。     

不同类型沱茶品质与特征性成分分析

目的 探明不同类型沱茶的品质和特征性成分。方法 本文采用高效液相色谱、感官审评、Lab颜色模型等方法,比较分析供试沱茶的主要品质成分、干茶色泽和感官品质,结合多元统计学方法明确不同沱茶的特征化学物质组成。结果 云岭沱茶的感官审评综合得分高于其他沱茶,其汤色亮度和叶底嫩度优于其他沱茶,下关沱茶以儿茶素、表儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯含量较高,而茶黄素含量较低为特征,山城沱茶以茶红素含量较高,而水浸出物、咖啡碱、没食子酸含量较低为特征,云岭沱茶以茶黄素、茶多酚、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、没食子酸、咖啡碱含量较高,而茶红素、茶褐素、儿茶素含量较低为特征,与沱茶感官审评得分呈显著正相关的生化成分有茶多酚、咖啡碱、没食子酸、茶黄素、表没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯。结论 不同类型沱茶生化成分的含量与组成特征差异较大。     

高速逆流色谱法分离绿茶中的化学成分

采用高速逆流色谱（high-speed countercurrent chromatography,HSCCC）法对绿茶化学成分进行分离。通 过对绿茶有效部位的分段萃取和多种溶剂系统的筛选,建立了绿茶化学成分HSCCC分离的方法。经HSCCC分离得 到咖啡碱、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素、儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶 素没食子酸酯、没食子酸8 种单体化合物,其纯度分别为99.5%、97.2%、98.2%、97.6%、98.8%、99.1%、99.2%和 98.8%。该法分离效率高、操作简单,对绿茶在食品医药等领域的应用具有重要意义。     

黑茶优势菌对绿茶浸提液发酵过程多酚类化合物的影响

利用从普洱茶中分离出的黑曲霉、根霉和从茯砖茶中分离出的冠突散囊菌接种云南大叶种晒青毛茶茶汤,进行单一菌株发酵,对发酵过程茶多酚类化合物的含量变化进行分析。结果表明：随着发酵时间的延长,茶多酚含量显著降低,黄酮类化合物总量在黑曲霉、冠突散囊菌作用下分别减少72%、31.76%,在根霉作用下增加了94.92%;儿茶素各组分的含量变化较大,其中表没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯均呈现显著的下降趋势,而儿茶素、没食子酸在不同菌株作用下表现出不同的变化规律;茶黄素在黑曲霉、根霉作用下先增加后减少,冠突散囊菌则相反;茶红素总体呈下降趋向,茶褐素在根霉、冠突散囊菌作用下显著增加。     

基于生化成分构建不同地区黑茶分类模型

为实现不同地区黑茶的区分鉴别,对供试4个地区共55个黑茶样本的主要生化成分进行检测,并结合多元统计方法构建分类模型。单因素方差分析结果表明,云南熟普的茶多酚、总黄酮、游离氨基酸、咖啡碱、茶黄素、茶褐素、草酸含量显著高于其他地区,但表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯含量显著低于其他地区;云南熟普的儿茶素组分以简单儿茶素为主,而其他地区的儿茶素组分以酯型儿茶素为主。主成分和系统聚类分析结果表明,云南熟普聚为一类,与其他地区黑茶品质差异明显。Fisher判别分析对不同地区黑茶的分类效果最好,其原始分类正确率为100. 0%,交叉验证正确分类率为97. 7%,外部验证正确分类率为91. 7%;影响判别结果的主要物质为茶褐素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、黄酮、儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和表儿茶素。     

表儿茶素没食子酸酯及表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯单体的化学氧…

试验对两种多酚类物质进行化学氧化，并利用高效液相色谱对其氧化产物进行了分析，同时，试验中还对来自表没食子儿茶素没食子酯酯（ＥＧＣＧ）的氧化产物及存在于红茶中的相应产物进行柱层析，所流出的高聚合茶红纱成分在所用是质中的溶解性相对较差，有别于以前类似的研究报道，在相同的氧化体系中，表儿茶素没食子酸酯（ＥＣＧ）的表现不同于表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯，表明其在该试验所选定的化学氧化条件下为相对稳定，表没食子     

茉莉花茶中茶多酚的提取分离纯化及其抗氧化性能研究

本实验采用溶剂法浸提茉莉花茶中茶多酚,研究发现,相对最优的工艺条件为:温度70℃,乙醇溶液浓度60%,提取次数1次,提取时间60min。在此浸提工艺下提取到茶多酚粗提物后用石油醚、氯仿和乙酸乙酯萃取,得乙酸乙酯相过聚酰胺柱分离纯化,将得到的不同洗脱组分过高效液相色谱检测发现:30%乙醇洗脱组分含表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)最高,60%乙醇洗脱组分中含有表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG),95%乙醇洗脱组分主要是儿茶素没食子酸酯(CG)。继而对不同组分进行抗氧化活性研究得出:60%洗脱组分对油脂的抗氧化活性最高;30%洗脱组分与60%洗脱组分对DPPH自由基50%清除率的浓度分别为0.1723mg/ml、0.1693mg/ml。     

Tea extraction methods in relation to control of epimerization of tea catechins

Effect of water temperature and ethanol concentration on epimerization and extractability of tea catechins was investigated. The results showed that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) were partially epimerized into gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and catechin gallate (CG), respectively, when tea catechins extract was heated in water solution at 100 °C for 2 h or dry tea was extracted in water at 100 °C. The epimerization of the catechins was inhibited if the tea catechins extract was heated as solid powder and the dry tea was extracted in 50% (v/v) ethanol or in water at 80 °C or below. When the dry tea was extracted in water, the extractability of catechins increased with the increase of extraction temperature up to 100 °C, but there was no statistically significant difference in total catechins between 80 °C and 100 °C. When teas were extracted using ethanol solutions, the highest extractability of total catechins was obtained in 50% (v/v) ethanol for dry tea and in 75% (v/v) ethanol for fresh tea leaf. In order to reveal the real profiles of tea catechins in teas to be tested, dry tea should be extracted in 50% (v/v) ethanol for 10 min, while fresh tea leaf should be extracted in 75% (v/v) ethanol for 10 min. For commercial extraction, temperature should be controlled at 80 °C if water is used as the solvent. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同黑茶提取物功能性成分分析及活性评价

探究不同黑茶提取物(天尖茶、茯砖茶、百两茶、六堡茶及普洱茶)中主要功能性组分的差异,评价其功能性活性1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力、氧自由基的吸收能力(oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC)及对PC12神经细胞保护作用,并建立功能性组分与其活性的相关性。结果表明,湖南产的茯砖、天尖和百两茶,其提取物中的茶多酚、茶多糖及儿茶素总含量均显著高于普洱和六堡茶提取物,而咖啡碱、没食子酸及茶氨酸含量则以普洱茶提取物最高。茯砖、天尖和百两茶提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力及对氧自由基的吸收能力均较强,而在PC12神经细胞损伤保护实验中,茯砖、普洱及六堡茶提取物效果明显。通过相关性分析,发现茶多酚(特别是酯型儿茶素表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate,ECG)和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG))是黑茶提取物DPPH自由基和ORAC活性的主要影响因素,而茶氨酸含量则与PC12细胞保护作用正相关。     

In vitro human skin permeation and cutaneous metabolism of catechins from green tea extract and green tea extract-loaded chitosan microparticles

Catechins are major antioxidants in green tea (Camellia sinensis or Camellia assamica), but because they do not permeate the skin well, the application of green tea in cosmetic products has so far been limited. This study aims to evaluate the cutaneous absorption of catechins from an extract of green tea and from a green tea extract-loaded chitosan microparticle. The catechin skin metabolism was also examined. The results suggest that chitosan microparticles significantly improve the ability of catechins to permeate skin. The cutaneous metabolism of the catechins significantly affected their permeation profiles. Epicatechin (EC) and epigallocatechin (EGC) penetrated the skin more than epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG). The galloyl groups in EGCG and ECG were enzymatically hydrolysed to EGC and EC, respectively. Dehydroxylation of catechins was also observed. Chitosan microparticles effectively prevented enzymatic changes of the catechins; therefore, chitosan microparticles are here found to be the promising carriers for enhancing the skin permeation.     

Quantitative and Qualitative Portrait of Green Tea Catechins (Gtc) Through Hplc

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a prosperous source of polyphenols, especially catechins. In the current research, an effort was made to optimize the extraction conditions for maximum yield of catechins from the local green tea Qi-Men. For the purpose, three different solvents were used, i.e., aqueous ethanol (50%), aqueous methanol (50%), and water at different time intervals (20, 40, and 60 min). Green tea catechins were quantified through HPLC using a C18 column and UV detector. The antioxidant activity of green tea catechins was measured through in vitro tests including DPPH radical scavenging ability and antioxidant activity. Results showed that extraction through aqueous ethanol resulted in maximum yield of green tea catechins (17400 ± 0.19 mg/100 g green tea leaves. Moreover, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, and epicatechin ranged from 4.26 ± 0.09 to 6.4 ± 0.2, 12.1 ± 0.123 to 17.7 ± 0.3, 1.32 ± 0.03 to 1.81 ± 0.02, 5.48 ± 0.099 to 8.6 ± 0.2 g/100 g of dry-extract, respectively. Furthermore, highest antiradical (80.65 ± 3.69%) and antioxidant activity (67.12 ± 3.08%) were observed in catechins extracted through aqueous ethanol.     

栓皮栎橡子壳多酚的体外抗氧化与抑菌活性研究

为开发橡子壳功能成分,采用溶剂萃取、化学定性、光谱分析及体外清除自由基、抑菌试验探索了秦巴山区栓皮栎橡子壳多酚的功能特性。结果表明:橡子壳可提取4.39%的粗多酚,经乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取分离可得到3类萃取物,经紫外光谱和红外光谱分析表明均含有酚羟基、羰基、芳烃C=C骨架、C-H键和C-O-C键结构,为多酚类物质;HPLC分析表明乙酸乙酯萃取物以鞣花酸为主,含有4种多酚,正丁醇萃取物中含阿魏酸、鞣花酸、没食子酸、表没食子酸儿茶素、儿茶素、绿原酸、表儿茶素、原儿茶酸、咖啡酸、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、山奈酚等11种酚类物质,水萃取物以阿魏酸含量最高,含4种多酚;体外清除DPPH·能力为Vc水萃取物正丁醇萃取物粗提物乙酸乙酯萃取物,清除ABTS~+·能力为Vc正丁醇萃取物水萃取物乙酸乙酯萃取物粗提物,清除·OH能力为Vc水萃取物粗提物正丁醇萃取物乙酸乙酯萃取物;粗提物及溶剂萃取物均对金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌具有不同程度抑制活性,抑菌能力为乙酸乙酯萃取物正丁醇萃取物粗提取物水萃取物。证明橡子壳多酚含量高,种类多,具有较强抗氧化和广谱抑菌活性。     

利用活性真菌转化简单儿茶素为酯型儿茶素

研究从茶树的鲜叶、茎部和茶树土壤中分离出活性真菌,通过利用天然微生物的转化能力,使简单儿茶素转化为功能性较强的复杂型酯型儿茶素。实验结果表明:筛选出了具有转化能力的活性菌种,能有效地将简单儿茶素转化为酯型儿茶素,而且其转化能力良好。并对此种活性真菌进行形态学和生理生化的初步检测,判断其属于丝状真菌藻状菌纲,毛霉目,内囊霉科,内囊霉属。     

不同贮藏时间普洱生茶水提物的特征性成分分析

以同公司、同批号、不同贮藏时间的普洱生茶(7542)为研究对象,真空冷冻干燥制备普洱生茶水提取物,利用分光光度计和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)检测其内含成分,并进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和聚类分析(cluster analysis,CA),得出不同贮藏时间普洱生茶水提物的特征性成分和聚类树状图。结果表明,不同贮藏时间的普洱生茶水提物,随着贮藏时间的延长,茶多酚、儿茶素和游离氨基酸呈逐渐下降趋势,黄酮呈逐渐上升趋势,可溶性总糖和咖啡碱呈不规则变化;不同贮藏时间的普洱生茶提取物经UPLC-MS/MS共检测到107种化合物,经PCA,得到不同贮藏时间普洱生茶水提物的特征性成分包括柠檬酸、没食子酸、表儿茶素、茶氨酸、咖啡碱、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯等26种物质;CA表明,贮藏年份越接近的普洱生茶水提物样越易聚为一类,贮藏时间达到3 a和8 a时,茶叶聚类分类发生较大变化。     

Bioactive components and antioxidant properties of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tea leaves

Various ethanolic concentrations (0–95%, v/v) and temperatures (25–95 °C) were used to extract γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tea leaves. Extraction yields, and contents of total phenols, various catechins, GABA, theanine, and antioxidant properties of extracts were determined. The 50% (v/v) ethanol at 50–95 °C gave higher yields (32.05–32.56 g dried extract/100 g dried tea leaves). The bioactive components and antioxidant properties of extracts were affected by the ethanolic concentrations and temperatures. Among catechins, epigallocatechin gallate was the main catechin in all extracts, followed by epigallocatechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin and gallocatechin gallate. The 50–75% (v/v) ethanol at 75–95 °C gave higher contents of ester type (102.92–104.54 mg/g extract) and non-ester type (61.75–63.55 mg/g extract) catechins. Water at 50–75 °C gave higher GABA and theanine contents and higher chelating ability of extracts. The 75% (v/v) ethanol at 25–75 °C gave higher scavenging ability and reducing power of extracts. Based on dried tea extracts or leaves results obtained, the optimal extraction conditions to maintain the total contents of various catechins, GABA and theanine in the maximum level were 50% ethanol (v/v) and 75–95 °C.