28份国产特级初榨橄榄油中多酚含量及其变化规律北大核心CSCD

为了对我国油橄榄产业提供基础数据支持,采用国际油橄榄理事会推荐的HPLC法检测特级初榨橄榄油中的多酚含量,分析了我国不同产地的28份市售食用特级初榨橄榄油样品的多酚含量,并对不同生产年度和不同产地单果级特级初榨橄榄油中多酚含量变化规律进行了分析。结果表明:市售国产特级初榨橄榄油中均含有较为丰富的多酚类化合物,多酚含量范围为(63.885±2.345)mg/kg~(307.325±6.865)mg/kg;特级初榨橄榄油中多酚含量受贮存时间的影响较大,同时不同产地中适合生产高多酚含量特级初榨橄榄油的品种具有差异。不同特级初榨橄榄油样品之间多酚含量波动较大,需要通过多种方法来防止油脂中多酚类化合物的降解,以保证油品的质量,并因地制宜对油橄榄品种进行优化筛选。     

西班牙和意大利进口特级初榨橄榄油品质比较

为了系统研究我国主要进口的特级初榨橄榄油性质,比较分析了我国主要进口的8种西班牙和意大利特级初榨橄榄油的脂肪酸组成、酸值、过氧化值及微量成分含量,并对其进行了挥发性成分分析及感官评价。结果表明：西班牙特级初榨橄榄油的C18∶1（77.22%）和C23∶0（0.94%）含量平均值高于意大利样品（分别为72.46%和0.64%）,西班牙特级初榨橄榄油的酸值、过氧化值低于意大利样品;西班牙特级初榨橄榄油中含有γ-生育酚和δ-生育三烯酚,而意大利样品中未检出这两种,且西班牙特级初榨橄榄油中α-生育酚含量平均值（189.58 mg/kg）高于意大利样品（161.26 mg/kg）,角鲨烯含量平均值（6 127.83 mg/kg）远高于意大利样品（4 083.50 mg/kg）,两者甾醇含量差异很小。虽然西班牙特级初榨橄榄油的醛类含量平均值低于意大利样品,但酯类含量更高。感官评价发现,西班牙特级初榨橄榄油的果味、苦味、辣味评分皆高于意大利样品。综上,西班牙特级初榨橄榄油的酸值、过氧化值较低,α-生育酚、角鲨烯含量高于意大利样品,且感官评分较高。     

基于TRIZ理论的高品质橄榄油加工粉碎融合机的创新研究

将TRIZ理论及其解决工程问题的一般步骤应用到高品质橄榄油加工设备的研制中,对粉碎融合机的关键设备搅拌装置进行创新研究,提出了几种概念方案,并对这几种方案进行对比分析,最终提出了一种可行的高品质橄榄油加工粉碎融合机设计方案,并在方案优化后,进行了样机试制及其性能测试。试验结果表明:新的粉碎融合机采用叶片组合式搅拌翅结构,能够对橄榄果浆进行高效均衡地融合;在融合温度25℃、融合时间45 min、转速23 r/min的条件下,橄榄油得率可达20.4%,且橄榄油的品质达国家特级初榨橄榄油标准(GB 23347—2009)要求。     

陇南两种单品种初榨橄榄油的化学性质和脂肪酸组成随成熟度的变化

分析了陇南2个品种初榨橄榄油的化学性质和脂肪酸组成随成熟度增加的变化规律。结果表明：随着成熟度的增加2个品种的鲜果出油率增加且存在显著性差异。初榨橄榄油风味成分中氮氧化合物、含硫以及烷烃类化合物变化幅度较大,通过电子鼻可以区分不同品种不同成熟度的橄榄油。恩帕特雷和科拉蒂的k232、270值最高分别为1.85和1.91、0.18和0.14,多酚、黄酮含量变化范围分别为2.39～4.53和7.47～10.39、0.07～0.40和0.75～2.84 mg/g。氧化稳定时间在第6（6.28 h）和第5(16.71 h)成熟度为最高。酸价的变化范围分别为0.37～1.02和0.19～0.38 mg/g,过氧化值的变化范围分别为2.92～8.32和2.38～5.19 mmol /kg,油酸含量分别为72.36%～77.76%和59.23%～65.73%,亚油酸含量分别为7.70%～11.81%和9.74%～15.86%,SFA含量分别为11.81%～13.15%和14.25%～20.99%,PUFA含量分别为8.34%～12.36%和10.92%～16.84%,MUFA含量为72.69%～78.50%和62.36%～68.20 %。同一品种的MUFA/PUFA、C18:1/C18:2和MUFA含量变化趋势一致,与PUFA呈相反的变化趋势,2个品种之间各种脂肪酸含量差异明显,上述测定指标完全符合GB 23347—2009中特级初榨橄榄油的标准。科拉蒂的出油率、多酚、黄酮、油酸含量和氧化稳定时间明显大于恩帕特雷,而酸价、过氧化值低于后者。综合考虑认为科拉蒂的初榨橄榄油品质优于恩帕特雷,恩帕特雷和科拉蒂分别在第6和第5成熟度的初榨橄榄油品质最好。     

基于光谱法的特级初榨橄榄油快速鉴伪技术

本文研究了特级初榨橄榄油中掺入不同比例橄榄果榨油(精炼橄榄油)、菜籽油、玉米油和大豆油的光谱特征,采用荧光光谱和紫外光谱,对掺假样品及纯油样品进行了快速检测。结果表明,特级初榨橄榄油的光谱特征与其他植物油之间差异较大,且掺假体积与吸光度之间存在良好的线性关系(R²>0.89),实现了特级初榨橄榄油的定性鉴别与定量检测,建立了特级初榨橄榄油质量控制体系及其掺假检测分析技术,最低检出限为1%,线性范围为5%～100%(v/v)。系统聚类分析将所有特级初榨橄榄油准确地分为一个亚类,也佐证了此方法的稳定性与可靠性。这种简单快捷的检测技术,有助于特级初榨橄榄油实时、在线橄榄油检测分析技术的研发,为我国橄榄油品质鉴定及产业发展提供有利的技术保障。     

国际橄榄理事会的定位和使命及相关标准

国际橄榄理事会(IOC)是国际政府间组织,致力于橄榄油和食用橄榄领域工作,旨在实现橄榄生产的现代化、协调橄榄政策、改善国际贸易监管、保护橄榄行业质量以及促进橄榄油和食用橄榄的消费量.IOC每年会对实验室和品评小组授予认可,这些实验室和品评小组必须满足IOC认可的橄榄油物化检测实验室和初榨橄榄油感官分析实验室的标准.IO...     

反复煎炸对4种食用植物油品质的影响

以特级初榨橄榄油、混合橄榄油、一级大豆油、一级葵花籽油作为煎炸油,以薯条、鸡翅为煎炸原料,对4种食用植物油在重复煎炸过程中发生的品质变化进行观察。方法 测定酸价、羰基价和极性组分,并进行感官评价。结果 4种食用植物油的酸价、羰基价变化与煎炸次数有关;各种食用植物油的品质变化有差别,且煎炸荤食时的品质变化比煎炸素食时的品质变化大。结论 4种食用植物油在反复煎炸后品质均有劣变趋势,但特级初榨橄榄油总的变化率处于较低水平,可见特级初榨橄榄油是煎炸油的上佳选择。     

橄榄油市场行情及其与其他植物油的脂肪酸组成和微量营养成分比较

旨在更全面、深入地了解橄榄油,对2010—2021年世界橄榄油的产量和消费量以及2015—2019年中国橄榄油的进口量进行了统计分析,测定不同品牌和不同等级市售橄榄油(特级初榨橄榄油、混合橄榄油和混合油橄榄果渣油)与9种其他植物油的脂肪酸组成和微量营养成分,并分析比较其差异。结果显示：世界橄榄油的产量和消费量常年维持在300万t左右,其中欧盟占比最大,分别为58.71%～76.68%和48.73%～62.15%;2015—2019年中国橄榄油产量仅在0.5万～0.7万t,而消费量和进口量分别达到了3.9万～5.75万t和3.86万～5.37万t;不同品牌和不同等级市售橄榄油的脂肪酸组成整体差异不大,但微量营养成分存在明显差异,其中特级初榨橄榄油的角鲨烯、多酚含量明显高于混合橄榄油和混合油橄榄果渣油,而混合油橄榄果渣油的甾醇和总生育酚含量最高;与一级菜籽油、一级玉米油、一级葵花籽油、一级大豆油和亚麻籽油等其他植物油比较,特级初榨橄榄油的油酸、角鲨烯和多酚含量最高,而甾醇和总生育酚含量偏低。     

调味品

中粮福临门在深圳售橄榄油新品由西班牙白叶集团和中粮福临门共同举办的“西班牙白叶集团·中粮福临门特级初榨橄榄油高级品鉴会”在深圳举行。橄榄种植在西班牙有着悠久的历史,是世界上最大的橄榄油生产国,与中粮集团合作的西班牙白叶集团,是目前世界最大的初榨橄榄油生产企业,其产品销往全世界90多个国家。此次中粮福临门推出的特级初榨橄榄油,100％西班牙原油进口,由世界著名橄榄油产区安达卢西亚出产的优质品质“欧西布兰卡”橄榄果经过纯手工采摘后,纯物理压榨而成,带有独特的水果香味。其富合单不饱和脂肪酸和天然维生素E,多不饱和脂肪酸充足而不过量,并具有最恰当的亚油酸和亚麻酸比值,是世界公认的健康木本植物食用油。     

国内外橄榄油紫外吸光度限量标准和测定方法的对比研究

通过对国际油橄榄理事会、欧盟、美国油脂化学学会、国际食品法典委员会和中国橄榄油紫外吸光度的限量值、测定方法和计算公式等方面进行对比分析,得到了各国橄榄油标准中关于紫外吸光度测定的异同,并针对我国方法标准中缺少ΔK计算方法等问题,通过参照国外的方法标准对特级初榨橄榄油、油橄榄果渣油和自制掺混油共12份进行测定,总结出了橄榄油紫外吸光度测定的实验要点和计算公式等,可用于指导实际操作。     

食用橄榄油贸易促进组织 ——国际橄榄理事会解析

《国际橄榄油和食用橄榄协定》是由联合国主持在橄榄油主要生产国与消费国之间签订的国际商品协定。从1959年到2015年历经五次改版,根据该协议成立的“国际橄榄理事会”（International Olive Council,IOC）总部驻地在橄榄油最大出口国西班牙首都马德里。国际橄榄理事会由成员理事会管理,下设执行秘书处和分委员会负责行业标准制定、国际橄榄油贸易信息统计、橄榄行业推广等事宜。IOC橄榄油贸易标准对初榨橄榄油质量指标的等级界定获得世界普遍认可。对IOC制定的橄榄油各项理化指标和感官分析的测定依据和具体方法进行归纳,并对IOC橄榄油认可实验室进行介绍,以上内容是橄榄油产业融入国际大循环应了解的国际通行基础性贸易约定。     

橄榄油的质量分级检测技术研究进展

橄榄油是地中海饮食的特点之一,具有极高的营养价值。按照加工工艺橄榄油分为初榨橄榄油和精炼橄榄油。初榨橄榄油的品质较好营养价值较高,因此价格较为昂贵。精炼橄榄油由于品质较差,价格较低。橄榄油的质量分级与经济价值直接相关,已成为目前橄榄油研究的热点。掺伪、造假者的主要目标是特级初榨橄榄油,所以该产品标准的检测十分重要。但由于掺入的食用油在脂肪酸组成等方面与橄榄油非常接近,因此识别起来十分困难。为了规范橄榄油市场,维护消费者的合法权益,研究者采用了多种检测方法来对初榨橄榄油和精炼橄榄油进行鉴别。本研究从标志性成分、模式识别和组学技术3个角度对橄榄油的质量分级检测技术的最新进展情况进行了综述,并对橄榄油的质量分级检测技术的研究方向进行了展望。     

A comparison between olive oil and extra-virgin olive oil used as covering liquids in canned dried tomatoes: hydrolytic and oxidative degradation during storage

The hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of olive oil and extra‐virgin olive oil, used as covering liquids in canned dried tomatoes, was studied during storage by means of conventional (acidity, peroxide value, p‐anisidine value) and non conventional (polar compounds) analyses. The effects of the addition of spices were also considered. The hydrolysis and oxidation of olive oil increased faster and was higher than that of extra‐virgin olive oil in terms of absolute values but some other indices, such as percentage of oligopolymers and percentage of oxidized triglycerides, increased faster in extra‐virgin olive oil than in olive oil. The antioxidant effect given by a higher concentration of polyphenols in the extra‐virgin olive oil was shown by a reduced amount of secondary oxidation. However, olive oil and extra‐virgin olive oils showed similar behaviour in terms of peroxide formation.     

鲜榨山茶油与特级初榨橄榄油营养价值的比较

以鲜榨山茶油和特级初榨橄榄油为研究对象,对其理化指标、脂肪酸组成和营养成分进行测定并比较。结果表明:鲜榨山茶油在理化指标上与特级初榨橄榄油相当,脂肪酸组成与特级初榨橄榄油相似,但油酸含量高于特级初榨橄榄油,棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量低于特级初榨橄榄油;在维生素E、角鲨烯、植物甾醇等天然生物活性物质方面媲美特级初榨橄榄油。     

橄榄木酚素及其生物活性研究进展

橄榄木酚素包括松脂醇和1-乙酰氧基松脂醇,是存在于橄榄油中的主要酚类化合物。橄榄木酚素是构成特级初榨橄榄油内源性抗氧化体系的重要脂质伴随物之一。对橄榄木酚素的生物合成与代谢途径,含量、分布及稳定性,吸收代谢,体外抗氧化活性,生物活性进行了综述,提出橄榄木酚素研究存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期为橄榄油提质制取和木酚素相关健康产品研发提供理论指导。     

Chemical stability of extra-virgin olive oil added with oregano essential oil

Extra virgin olive oil is highly consumed and well known for its nutritional and health benefits. However, it is fatty food highly susceptible to lipid oxidation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the preserving effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare L. spp vulgare called "oregano compacto") essential oil on physical and chemical properties in extra virgin olive oil during storage. Oregano essential oil composition was analyzed by GC-MS. This essential oil was added into extra virgin olive oil at 0.05%. The samples were stored in 3 different conditions: darkness, light exposure, and temperature (60 °C). Chemical indicators of lipid oxidation (peroxide value, p-anisidine value, conjugated dienes, free fatty acidity, and carotenoid and chlorophyll contents) were measured. High content in carvomenthol (22.52%), terpinolene (19.77%), thymol (13.51%), and γ-terpinene (10.30%) were detected in oregano essential oil. Olive oil samples without oregano essential oil stored at 60 °C and exposure at artificial light had the highest peroxide values during storage. Higher p-anisidine and K232 values after day 7 of storage were detected in temperature, darkness, and light exposure treatments. Light treatment was the main factor that degraded chlorophyll causing loss of color. The highest chlorophyll content (3.87 mg/kg) was observed in olive oil with essential oil at the end of storage. In general, olive oil samples added with oregano essential oil had lower peroxide, conjugated dienes, and p-anisidine values and higher chlorophyll and carotenoid contents during storage. Oregano essential oil retards lipid oxidation process in olive oil prolonging its shelf life. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Oregano essential oil was and is used with the purpose of flavoring and aromatizing food. This essential oil due to its composition has shown antioxidant activity. Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are thought to be promoters of carcinogenesis. Extra virgin olive oil is widely consumed because of its nutritional benefits and sensory properties which are very important to be preserved in the product. In this study, the oregano essential oil showed remarkable antioxidant activity in olive oil. Therefore, this essential oil could be considered for the industry as natural antioxidant not only to be used in olive oil but also in other fatty food products to substitute synthetic ones.     

Means-end chains analysis of extra virgin olive oil purchase and consumption behavior

Consumption and purchase behavior towards extra virgin olive oil are not well understood in the US. Soft laddering interviews were conducted with 63 Northern California consumers and means-end chains analysis on the interview data revealed common grounds of consumption and buying motivations for three different a priori defined consumer segments. Consumption motivational structures were more similar across the different consumer segments than purchasing ones. Consumers who purchased only local extra virgin olive oil had simpler perceptual orientations than consumers who purchased imported extra virgin olive oils or both imported and local oils. Several different consumer values could be associated with consequences that were linked to just one attribute. On the other hand, one particular value could also be associated with a few different attributes. These findings provide opportunities for the olive oil industry to design products that will better satisfy consumer values and needs.     

橄榄油加工工艺及品质控制的探讨

研究了橄榄油加工新工艺 ,对橄榄油的质量控制进行了深入探讨 ,出油效率平均达84 7% ,产品质量完全达到国内和国际特级初制橄榄油标准 ,并具有良好的稳定性。该工艺技术成熟、可靠 ,有良好的推广应用价值