Periodontal and restorative considerations of molar uprighting

The sequelae to the loss of a tooth are both numerous and varied. Furthermore, the ramifications of tooth loss increase in severity with time. Consequently, corrective therapeutic measures can become complex both in the diagnosis and treatment of these situations. As the demand for more predictable treatment results grows, the requirements for more efficacious treatment modalities grow as well. Therefore, the need for interdisciplinary treatment within the various areas of dentistry to assist in the complex rehabilitation becomes very important. The purpose of this article is to examine the various benefits of molar uprighting from periodontal, orthodontic, and restorative viewpoints, and to suggest a classification whereby the clinician is directed toward a multidisciplinary treatment approach.     

The development and pilot testing of a multimedia CD-ROM for diabetes education

The multimedia CD-ROM program, Take Charge of Diabetes, was found to be accurate, easy to use, and enjoyable by the clients and health professionals who completed the pilot study. Participants perceived an increase in knowledge after completing the five modules. Two of the participants verbally stated that the program clarified information for them and they wished they had had such a program when they were first diagnosed with diabetes. Further evaluation is needed to generalize the effect of the program on knowledge of diabetes because the pilot study was not designed to fully evaluate the effectiveness of the program on knowledge level or behavior change. Behavior change resulting in better control of blood sugar levels and hemoglobin A1c within normal range is the goal for diabetes education. The person who lives with diabetes must learn self-care methods. To accomplish that, the person must be able to comprehend the material presented. CAI programs provide an individualized, interactive, and interesting way to learn about diabetes and self-care, using visual effects and audio to support the written text. CAI can provide an element of excitement that is not available with other conventional methods. Providing prompt reinforcement of correct answers in quiz sections and including positive written messages can increase patients' self-confidence and self-esteem. Computer-assisted instruction is not intended to replace personal contact with physicians and diabetes educators, but rather complement this contact, reinforce learning, and possibly increase self-motivation to take charge of one's diabetes.     

The Inventory of Functional Status-Dialysis: development and testing

Pet and wildlife populations are a potential source of various public health problems, and injuries and complications due to animal bites and scratches are the most obvious. As no population based data on the frequency of animal bites were available at a national level in Switzerland, a study was conducted by the Swiss Sentinel Surveillance Network. The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of medical consultations due to bite and scratch injuries in humans caused by vertebrate animals, to identify possible risk factors, and to assess bite management habits in primary health care. An annual bite and scratch incidence rate of 325 per 100,000 population was estimated. Consultations peaked during the summer months and geographical differences in the reported incidence were observed. Dogs accounted for more than 60% and cats for about 25% of all cases reported. Animal bites and scratches were frequent in persons under 20 years of age. In most ages, the incidence was higher among women than among men, but not in children under the age of ten years. The incidence of cat bites was especially high in adult women. Bites to the head and neck were most frequent in infants and young children and accounted for approximately one third of the reported cases in this age group. Patients sought medical care principally for primary wound care (52.0%) and for vaccination advice (29.6%). Rabies postexposure prophylaxis was initiated in 1.1% of patients. Wound infection was reported in 10.9% of cases, with cat bites/scratches being more often infected than injuries due to dogs. Hospitalization was reported in 0.3 % of patients. Data from the emergency department of two district hospitals showed that head and neck injuries were more frequent in out-patients and a higher proportion of persons presented with wound infections (14.1%). The hospitalization rate for emergency department visits was 4.7%. Animal bites and scratches are common events in Switzerland. They represent a public health issue of growing importance due to the steadily increasing pet population. A practice based sentinel surveillance system may be an appropriate tool to monitor national trends in animal bites and scratches.     

Safety testing of a new electronic toothbrush

While there have been major advances in understanding the causes and treatments of the inflammatory periodontal diseases in the past decade, there is still high reliance on the patient to prevent progression of disease through daily oral hygiene, primarily toothbrushing and flossing. A new electronic toothbrush, which produces mild fluid cavitation as well as rapid fluid streaming, has been developed and has shown promise in the ease and efficacy with which it removes plaque. In order to determine the safety of frequent and prolonged use of this device, the gingival tissues of 6 mongrel dogs were exposed to excessively long daily exposures to this toothbrush for up to 2 months. Each quadrant of each dog's mouth was randomly assigned a different treatment: no brushing, manual brush 1.0 minute, electronic brush 1.0 minute, or electronic brush 7.5 minutes. The dogs were examined weekly by a periodontist who was blinded to the treatments. Plaque scores and bleeding on probing scores were calculated, and possible gingival irritation was monitored carefully. At the end of the trial gingival biopsies taken from all the test areas. These were processed for conventional histopathologic evaluation and examined by an oral pathologist who was also blinded as to the treatments. The results showed that brushing a single posterior segment of teeth for 7.5 minutes daily for 2 months with the electronic brush did not result in any clinically or histologically evident damage to the gingiva. Rather, the areas so treated showed excellent health as determined by both clinical and histologic criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

气门弹簧及悬架弹簧用线材现状与发展方向

简述气门弹簧、悬架弹簧用线材使用现状,指出国内弹簧钢的不足及提高其强度的发展方向,对最先进的日本弹簧钢线材的生产工艺及实物质量进行了综述,为国内开发生产高质量弹簧钢线材提供参考。     

微生物冶金的新进展

论述了微生物浸出的原理,介绍了用于冶金工业的微生物及用于工业上的生物冶金方法：堆浸法、槽浸法及就地浸出法,并讲述了国外浸出铜、金、铀、锰四种金属采用微生物浸出工艺的生产情况。提出了目前微生物冶金发展中存在的问题及今后微生物冶金发展的方向     

Evaluation of a new Army visual testing instrument.

A new device (Instrument B—an optical device to simulate the 20-foot distance of wall alleys) for testing photopic visual acuity was evaluated by comparison of test results with those obtained from the Standard Wall Chart Visual Acuity Examination (WC). Instrument B scores and WC scores correlated in the .90's, and test-retest reliabilities were also in the .90's. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

一种新型涡流检测法及其检测效果

涡流检测法是非常常用的金属材料缺陷检测的无损检测方法,为了改进传统涡流检测法难以微型化的不足,提出了一种新型涡流检测法,分别用小永磁体和高精度磁传感器代替了传统涡流检测法的激励线圈和接受线圈.通过试验和数值模拟相结合的研究方法,对新型涡流检测法的原理及检测效果进行了研究.结果表明,新型涡流检测法的检测原理可行,检测装置...     

Indentation of materials as a new method of micromechanical testing

The method of local loading (MLL) with a rigid indentor was used for the micromechanical testing of materials. This method enabled the construction of σ-∈ deformation curves, and determination of strength and plasticity characteristics, Young modulus, and work hardening. Considering the earlier described methods to determine fracture toughness, ductile-brittle transition temperature, and anisotropy of mechanical properties, MLL can be viewed as a universal method for investigating the mechanical properties of materials. The mechanical properties of brittle materials (including ceramics), thin coatings, phase components of composite materials and of inhomogeneous structures whose properties vary along the cross-section can be determined only by MLL. Institute for Problems of Materials Science, Ukraine National Academy of Sciences, Kiev. Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 7–8(408), pp 85–93, July–August, 1999.     

新型扭杆弹簧用高强度马氏体钢疲劳性能研究

利用旋转弯曲疲劳试验研究新型扭杆弹簧用N1钢和45CrNiMoVA钢的疲劳性能,并通过对2种试验钢组织、硬度、强度、夹杂物类型及大小、疲劳裂纹扩展速率以及氢含量的对比,探讨影响扭杆弹簧用钢旋转弯曲疲劳性能的因素及其疲劳失效机制.结果表明,推荐热处理制度的45CrNiMoVA钢和N1钢旋转弯曲疲劳极限强度分别为892和9...     

一种新型超声波纳米粉碎机的开发研究

将功率超声空化分散机理和机械搅拌粉碎机理的优点融合在一起，开发了一种新型的纳米粉体粒子的生产设备，并对其进行了理论分析。利用此试验设备在未达到粉碎平衡的条件下，一次制备就获得了平均粒径为68nm（SEM测试）的纳米颗粒，其中〈100nm的颗粒占到80％。扫描电镜下观察表明，纳米粒子介观分散均匀，无团聚现象，球形度较好。     

镁合金的研究应用及最新进展

镁合金由于具有质量轻、比强度和比刚度高以及良好的铸造性能等特点,在理论研究和实际应用上引起了人们极大的关注.近年来,世界各国纷纷致力于镁合金的研究开发.本文综述了镁合金的性能特点、镁合金的合金系列、镁合金在汽车、电子等工业上的应用以及镁合金的发展动向,分析了我国镁合金行业的现状和发展前景.     

热风加压煤气化工艺的开发与应用

针对固定床煤制气工艺中煤气热值低、气化强度低等固有的问题，研制开发了热风加压煤气化工艺。并成功地进行了工业应用。煤气发生炉应用热风加压煤制气工艺，提高了煤气发生炉的生产率和煤气热值，同时也解决了炉内高温结渣及焦油堵塞的问题。取得了显著的经济效益。     

Diagnostic testing and the new alternatives.

Described and evaluated the experimental, the behavioral, the decision-making, and the operations-research models of assessment. The new models emphasize the importance of the relevance of psychological information for specific clinical decisions. They point to the need for closer participation of psychologists in everyday decision processes concerning treatment and other actions with remedial implications. (2 p. ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

新型低密度高强高韧热轧层状钢研发

 鉴于能源短缺与高安全性要求,钢铁材料的低密度化与高强韧化成为高强钢的研发热点。大量报道证明,铝等元素合金化可以显著降低钢材密度,层状复合组织大幅度提高钢铁材料的韧性。在介绍国内外传统等轴晶粒高强韧钢、层状复合钢铁材料及低密度钢研发结果的基础上,提出了Fe-Al-Mn-C低密度双相钢的低中等合金质量分数（4%～12%）的合金化设计和高温铁素体和奥氏体的几何扁平化组织调控思路,制备出具有铁素体与马氏体相间排列的层片复合双相钢组织结构的高强韧钢研发思路。初步研究结果证明,层片双相钢的组织结构设计是可行的,实现了钢铁材料的高强度化（抗拉强度为1 000～1 500 MPa）、低密度化（6.5～7.5 g/cm3）和高韧性化（室温V型冲击韧性为200～400 J）,突破了传统等轴结构材料的强韧化机制制约,形成了新型层状复合结构强韧化的钢铁材料研发方向。强调未来需要对层片双相钢材料进行深入研究,以实现对化学成分、层片组织结构参数与材料强度、韧性和材料密度关系的定量研究,深入探讨低密度层状双相钢的层状组织调控机制及其强韧化机理,为未来高强韧金属材料研发及应用开辟出创新发展方向。     

新型磷酸盐不烧砖的研制与生产

根据水泥窑用磷酸盐不烧砖的损毁机理，从原料方面入手，通过对原料的颗粒级配、SiC的加入量、结合剂的选择与加入量的效果进行研究，研制出强度高、荷重软化温度高的新型磷酸盐不烧砖。     

新型盘式过滤机的研究与应用

本文概述了新型盘式过滤机的国外发展情况，介绍了其工作原理，并提出了国内研究盘式过滤机的发展方向。     

浅述新型模具钢在太钢的开发

介绍了开发新型模具钢的重要性,介绍了太钢生产的一些模具钢品种,重点介绍了开发出的热作模具钢A和塑料模具钢B。通过开发新型模具钢,企业取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益,锻炼了科研开发队伍,提高了企业的市场竞争力。     

钢包底用新型铝镁浇注料的研制

本文通过分析钢包底部用耐火材料的损毁机理，研制出以特级矾土、烧结尖晶石和中挡烧结镁砂为主要原料，采用超细粉凝聚结合的新型铝镁浇注料。