复合絮凝剂PAFC-ST-AM的制备及其对模拟废水除磷率的试验

制备了聚合氯化铝铁-淀粉-丙烯酰胺(PAFC-ST-AM)复合絮凝剂,考察了PAFC与ST-AM的质量配比、反应液的pH值和复合时间等复合反应条件。通过对含磷模拟废水的絮凝试验[正交L9(34)],得出了复合絮凝剂的最佳应用条件。结果显示,当PAFC∶ST-AM为4∶1,投加量为5mL/500mL,pH值为8时,磷的去除率可达92.36%。     

PAFC-PAM复配对铅酸蓄电池废水的处理研究

采用高分子絮凝剂(PAFC和PAM)对佛山市某铅酸蓄电池废水厂的废水进行絮凝实验,以pH、投加量、沉淀时间为变量,Pb~(2+)浓度、COD、氨氮和总氮实验表征絮凝剂的效果,选出针对本厂水质的絮凝剂优化条件。研究结果表明:PAFC和PAM复配时,其最佳絮凝条件是:pH=10、PAFC投加量是5 mg/L、PAM投加量为10 mg/L和沉淀时间为30 min,Pb~(2+)的去除率和COD的去除率分别为98.38%和92.45%。     

用于市政废水除磷的聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂研究

以价廉的铝酸钙粉为原料,研制了一种用于市政废水除磷的高效低耗的聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）无机高分子复合絮凝剂．研究内容包括：PAFC的制备方法研究,PAFC用量对模拟废水和实际废水除磷、除浊效果的影响,废水经PAFC处理后pH值的变化情况,废水酸度对除磷效果的影响,PAFC与常见商品絮凝剂除磷性能的比较研究。试验结果表明：自制的铝铁复合絮凝剂的除磷效果好于传统的铁盐和商品铝铁盐;除浊效果也较好,除浊率可达到95％以上;废水处理后pH值也较稳定。PAFC用于市政废水有较优异的除磷、除浊性能。     

聚合氯化铝铁PAFC絮凝性能试验研究

利用高铁铝矾土实验制备的聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂PAFC处理焦化废水,分析得出PAFC投加量在450～500 mg/L范围内絮凝处理COD、色度和F-的去除率高,PAFC投加量一定时pH在中性范围三者的去除率高,且实验对比得出聚合氯化铝铁PAFC絮凝性能优于聚合氯化铝PAC。     

复合引发体系制备阳离子絮凝剂在污水处理中的应用研究

采用复合引发体系用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)水溶液共聚制备了阳离子高分子絮凝剂P(DMC-AM).并将其应用于十堰市污水厂废水处理,探讨了其投加量和废水pH对CODCr、浊度、色度去除率的影响.结果表明,当处理的废水pH为7.5,P(DMC-AM)投加质量浓度为8 mg/L时,废水的CODCr去除率达到88%以上,色度和浊度的去除率均达到95%以上.     

MAP结晶法与絮凝剂联用预处理化工含磷废水

为达到后续生化处理工艺要求的水质,采用磷酸铵镁(MAP)结晶法与絮凝剂联用预处理化工高含磷废水。以实际化工含磷废水为研究对象,考察了pH值、镁盐投加量、反应温度以及絮凝剂PAFC、PAM投加量对除磷效果的影响。研究结果表明,MAP结晶法除磷的最佳工艺条件为:pH值为9.0,n(Mg2+)∶n(PO43-)为1.6∶1,反应温度为30℃;絮凝剂强化除磷的最佳工艺条件为:PAFC投加量为30 mg/L,PAM投加量为3 mg/L。此时TP、TN、NH3-N、CODCr的去除率分别为98%、74%、64%、87%,满足后续处理要求。     

KMnO_4-PFSS协同处理酸性大红废水的研究

以25 mg·L-1的酸性大红溶液为模拟染料废水,采用高锰酸钾(KMnO4)和复合高分子絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁(PFSS)对其协同处理.结果表明,当酸性大红废水初始pH值为2～8、KMnO4和PFSS的投加量均为10 mg·L-1(以Fe3+计)时,处理效果最佳,其色度去除率达到97%以上、CODCr去除率达到55.2%.同时对KMnO4-PFSS协同处理的机理作了初步探讨.     

利用工业废液制备环保型PAFC絮凝剂的研究

以浙江富阳某化工厂内含铝废水和含亚铁废水为主要原料,在一定温度下用盐酸和氢氧化钠调节盐基度,探索聚合氯化铝铁制备的最适摩尔比和酸碱度,制得聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)高分子絮凝剂。模拟污水絮凝实验结果表明:当Al~(3+)∶Fe~(3+)=7∶3,pH=4,浓度为0.15g/L时,絮凝剂PAFC净水效果最好。     

褐煤提质废水絮凝预处理实验研究

通过聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)3种絮凝剂对褐煤提质废水混凝沉淀处理效果的比较,考察了3种絮凝剂的投加量对废水浊度、NH3-N、TP及COD的去除效果,并结合了絮体沉降性能,优选出混凝处理效果最好的PAFC作为处理褐煤提质废水的絮凝剂。并确定了该絮凝剂对褐煤提质废水混凝沉淀的工艺条件。结果表明:PAFC在投加量为250 mg/L,p H为3.5时,褐煤提质废水的COD去除率可达56.63%,浊度去除率为92.21%,30 min静沉比为19%。     

电镀废酸制备絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁及其应用研究

以电镀废盐酸、铝酸钙粉为原料,采用酸溶一步法制备絮凝荆聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC),进行了生活污水和模拟酸性黑印染废水的处理试验,并与市售聚合氯化铝(PAC)对比.结果表明,当PAFC投加量20mg·L-1,pH=8,搅拌强度250 r·min、60 s,20 r·min-1,10min,温度20～40℃时,对生活污水有最佳的絮凝效果,浊度和COD去除率分别为97%和38.2%;当投药量为90mg·L-1,pH=9,沉淀时间为30min时,对模拟酸性黑印染废水有最佳的絮凝效果,脱色率达86.5%.PAFC对生活污水的浊度、COD去除率和对模拟酸性黑印染废水的脱色率均优于PAC.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。