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随着红外探测技术和精确制导武器的飞速发展,隐身无人机成为了各军事强国的研究热点。在未来的战场上,无人机将代替普通战斗机在敌区范围内执行侦察、打击等作战任务。为了提高无人机的突防、生存能力以及作战效能,有效减小雷达散射截面的同时必须对其红外辐射特征进行有效减小或抑制。分析了目前无人机所面临的主要红外威胁,通过讨论无人机的红外辐射特征,归纳出实现无人机红外隐身技术所需的几种主要途径:冷却降温技术、外形遮挡技术以及降低红外发射率材料技术等。研究了红外隐身技术和抑制措施以及国外服役或者验证阶段的比较典型隐身无人机上的应用情况,得出未来无人机隐身技术的发展方向及所面临的难题,对于国内未来无人机红外隐身设计具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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红外隐身原理及其应用技术 总被引:28,自引:3,他引:28
红外隐身技术通过降低或改变目标的红外辐射特征,实现对目标的低可探测性。这可通过改进结构设计和应用红外物理原理来衰减,吸收目标的红外辐射能量,使红外探测设备难以探测到目标,红外隐身技术于20世纪70年代末基本完成了基础研究和先期开发工作,并取得了突破性进展,已由基础理论研究阶段进入实用阶段,从20世纪80年代开始,国外陆海空三军研制的新式武器已经广泛采用了红外隐身技术,首先分析了红外隐身原理,然后研究了红外隐身技术的应用和发展趋势。 相似文献
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红外目标能否实现隐身决于(1)目标及其所处背景的红外辐射特性(包括传输介质的特性)和(2)红外系统的探测与识别能力,本文介绍了红外目标隐身仿真的基本内容,论述了目标和背景红外源辐射的仿真建模及红外目标隐身软件系统的设计思想和总体规划。 相似文献
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高光谱成像技术对伪装隐身技术提出了新的更高要求。研究绿色植被光谱特征的各种模拟技术,可为解决高光谱成像探测下目标的伪装问题提供新的思路。本文总结了绿色植物在可见-近红外波段以及热红外波段的光谱特征,分析了其在不同波段的光谱特性形成机制,阐述了近年来模拟绿色植被光谱特征的高光谱伪装材料与技术的研究进展,分析了现有高光谱伪装材料与技术的特点及存在的弊端,提出了模拟绿色植被光谱特征的高光谱伪装材料与技术的发展方向和趋势。 相似文献
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Thermal cloaking and camouflage have attracted increasing attention with the progress of infrared surveillance technologies. Previous studies have been mainly focused on emissivity manipulation or using sophisticated thermal metamaterials. However, emissivity control is only applicable for objects that are warmer than the environment and lower emissivity is usually accompanied with high reflectance of the surrounding thermal signals if they have nonuniform temperature. Metamaterial‐based thermal camouflage holds great promise but their applications on human subjects are yet to be realized. Direct temperature control represents a more desirable strategy to realize dynamically adjustable camouflage within a wide ambient temperature range, but a wearable, portable, and adjustable thermo‐regulation system that is suitable for human subjects has not been developed. This work demonstrates a wearable and adaptive infrared camouflage device responding to the background temperature change based on the thermoelectric cooling and heating effect. The flexible thermoelectric device can realize the infrared camouflage effect to effectively shield the metabolic heat from skin within a wide range of background temperature: 7 °C below and 15 °C above the ambient temperature, showing promise for a broad range of potential applications, such as security, counter‐surveillance, and adaptive heat shielding and thermal control. 相似文献
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Lei Li Mengke Shi Xiaoya Liu Xiuxiu Jin Yanxia Cao Yanyu Yang Wanjie Wang Jianfeng Wang 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(35):2101381
Thermal camouflage has attracted increasing attention owing to the rapid development of infrared (IR) surveillance technologies. Various materials and systems have been developed to date, but the realization of high-temperature thermal camouflage using ultrathin film/coating remains a great challenge; this is of great significance, especially for IR stealth in military equipment. This work demonstrates a series of ultrathin Ti3C2Tx MXene films (as low as 1 µm) with superior high-temperature indoor/outdoor thermal camouflage performance: wide camouflage temperature range (from below −10 °C to over 500 °C), large reduction in radiation temperature (exceeding 300 °C for objects with temperatures over 500 °C), long-term high-temperature or fire stability, multifunctionality including disguised Joule heating capability, and high electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency. The superior high-temperature thermal camouflage performance of the ultrathin MXene film is attributed to its low mid-IR emissivity (0.19), which is comparable to that of stainless steel but far below that of other 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene. The multifunctional ultrathin MXene films prepared through simple vacuum-assisted filtration provide a feasible method for efficient high-temperature thermal camouflage using ultrathin films, demonstrating the great promise of MXene materials for thermal camouflage, IR stealth, counter-surveillance, and security protection. 相似文献
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中长波双波段红外成像技术能同时获得中波、长波两个大气窗口的红外辐射信息,同时具有两种单波段成像技术的优点。通过优势互补,中长波双波段红外成像技术能够提高装备对各种复杂环境条件的适应能力,提高各类作战任务的成功率。在过去二十几年中,欧美主要国家实现了从双探测器双波段成像到单探测器双波段成像的发展及批量装备,目前正向更高分辨率、更远作用距离的方向发展。中长波双波段红外成像技术主要用于提高各类主战装备对不同的作战环境的适应能力以及各类搜索跟踪识别系统对目标的探测识别成功率。此外,可以通过中长波双波段红外成像技术获取目标的温度、光谱特性等特征信息,可用于反干扰、反伪装。 相似文献
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The rapid development of infrared surveillance technologies has attracted great attention for scientists to design advanced functional materials with prominent infrared stealth and thermal camouflage effectiveness. In the current study, a sandwich-like functional composite based on a crosslinked polyimide aerogel, a meso-erythritol (mE)-based phase-change composite, and an MXene film has been developed to achieve long-term thermal camouflage at elevated temperatures. In this composite system, the lower aerogel layer can act as a barrier to insulate heat transfer through its layer-stacking structure under ultralow directional thermal conduction. The introduction of the middle phase-change composite layer ensures that the composite system obtains a dynamical temperature-regulation capability through sensible and latent heat absorption of mE as a phase change material, while the upper MXene layer provides a very low emissivity surface for the system. As a result, the developed composite achieves a significant reduction in the thermal radiation temperature of a high-temperature target. Moreover, the MXene film exhibits good electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, making the sandwich-like composite obtain a thermal camouflage capability in various complicated scenarios. This work provides a promising approach for the design of advanced functional materials to realize long-term infrared stealth and thermal camouflage of high-temperature targets in security protection and counter-surveillance. 相似文献
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