炼油厂产品深度脱硫工艺的研究进展

综述了国内外开发和应用的脱硫技术,通过一系列实例阐述了近年来催化加氢脱硫及非加氢脱硫的工艺进展。该技术主要有催化加氢脱硫（改进催化剂的合成、先进的反应器设计、蒸馏与加氢脱硫组合等）及非加氢脱硫技术（烷基化脱硫、溶剂萃取脱硫、沉淀脱硫、吸附脱硫、氧化脱硫和膜分离脱硫等）;评述了催化加氢脱硫、烷基化脱硫、吸附脱硫和氧化脱硫等脱硫技术的特点和研究应用前景。     

FCC汽油非临氢脱硫技术进展

综述了国内外开发和应用的FCC汽油非临氢脱硫技术,该技术主要有生物脱硫、催化裂化脱硫、吸附脱硫、溶剂抽提脱硫、烷基化脱硫、氧化脱硫和膜分离脱硫等;评述了催化裂化脱硫、吸附脱硫和氧化脱硫等技术的特点和研究应用前景。     

汽油和柴油的氧化脱硫技术新进展

论述了氧化法脱除汽油和柴油中有机硫技术进展。介绍了过氧化物氧化脱硫、臭氧氧化脱硫、氧气氧化脱硫、超声波氧化脱硫、生物氧化脱硫、电催化氧化脱硫和光化学氧化脱硫等,分析了不同方法的优势及应用现状。今后氧化脱硫技术研究的重要方向是进一步研究脱硫机理、提高脱硫率和降低成本。     

汽油和柴油氧化脱硫技术进展

综述了国内外汽油、柴油氧化脱硫技术进展。介绍了选择性氧化脱硫、超声波氧化脱硫、光催化氧化脱硫、等离子体液相氧化脱硫、生物氧化脱硫、电化学氧化脱硫等。认为进一步探讨脱硫机理,提高脱硫效率和油品收率,降低脱硫成本,是氧化脱硫技术研究的重要方向。     

轻质燃料油脱硫技术研究进展

阐述了加氢脱硫、吸附脱硫、氧化脱硫、生物脱硫和萃取脱硫等轻质燃料油脱硫技术及相应脱硫原理,比较不同脱硫工艺的优缺点,展望脱硫工艺的发展方向,为了得到超低硫含量的燃料油,减少投资和降低成本,使生产过程对环境更加友好,将更多的研究集中于生物脱硫、离子液体脱硫和耦合脱硫等其他脱硫技术。     

柴油氧化脱硫强化技术研究进展

柴油氧化脱硫工艺简单,经济性强,受到了研究者的广泛关注。介绍了近年来柴油氧化脱硫中主要的强化技术及应用情况,主要包括离子液体氧化脱硫、超声波氧化脱硫、微波氧化脱硫、外加磁场氧化脱硫、光化学氧化脱硫和电化学氧化脱硫,分析了不同方法的优点和缺点,指出离子液体氧化脱硫是一种绿色和高效的脱硫工艺,应进一步加强理论研究,为工业生...     

我国石油产品非加氢脱硫技术研究进展

综述了脱除石油产品中硫的重要性,主要的脱硫的手段,加氢脱硫的一些缺点和非加氢脱硫的一些优势。重点综述了石油产品的非加氢脱硫方法,包括:烷基化脱硫、生物脱硫、氧化脱硫、吸附脱硫、膜分离脱硫、萃取脱硫的原理及其这些技术在我国的最新研究状况,并对我国未来的非加氢脱硫技术进行了展望。     

非加氢脱硫技术研究进展及其在原油预脱硫中的应用展望

综述了目前轻质油品非加氢脱硫以及原油预脱硫的相关技术,关于轻质油品非加氢脱硫技术详细叙述了氧化脱硫、吸附脱硫和溶剂萃取脱硫等技术的研究进展,简要介绍了络合脱硫、膜分离脱硫等技术,阐述了各非加氢脱硫技术的特点及脱硫效果;针对原油预脱硫技术,主要介绍了物理法原油预脱硫、超声-氧化法原油预脱硫、电化学法原油预脱硫以及微生物法原油预脱硫等技术的研究进展,指出应用能耗低、操作条件温和、脱硫效果好的非加氢脱硫手段是未来的发展趋势,同时指出综合应用非加氢脱硫技术对原油进行预脱硫处理将是未来重要的研究方向。     

联醇工艺中脱硫工艺技术的发展

论述和对比了联醇工艺中原料气脱硫所采用的栲胶脱硫工艺、ADA脱硫工艺、PDS脱硫工艺、氧化锌脱硫工艺、氧化铁脱硫工艺、活性炭脱硫工艺、铁钼加氢转化法脱硫工艺、有机硫水解脱硫工艺的技术原理和工艺特点;提出了将湿法脱硫与干法脱硫工艺进行合理组合,并结合有机硫水解装置的脱硫工艺选择理念;总结了“3次脱硫2次转化”脱硫工艺在联醇生产中的重要作用.     

煤炭脱硫技术研究进展

煤炭是我国的主要能源,煤炭脱硫是实现煤炭清洁利用的重要手段。在对煤炭中硫存在形式、特点分析的基础上,详细阐述了选煤脱硫、热解脱硫、电化学脱硫、微波脱硫、生物脱硫和水煤浆燃烧脱硫等脱硫方法,并结合我国国情指出了煤炭脱硫的发展方向,选煤法、电化学脱硫、生物脱硫、微波脱硫等多种方法联合使用,才能实现硫分的经济有效脱除。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.