自动变速汽车神经网络三参数换挡策略

为了使汽车自动变速器(AMT)换挡能够适应路况与车况变化,更好地满足汽车换挡平顺性和燃油经济性要求,提出了AMT汽车神经网络三参数换挡控制.论文首先给出了神经网络三参数换挡控制原理,接着给出了神经网络三参数换挡控制算法,并且叙述了在长安羚羊AMT轿车上进行神经网络三参数换挡仿真与试验的结果.与神经网络两参数换挡进行的比较表明:采用神经网络三参数换挡比采用神经网络两参数换挡更加符合驾驶员的换挡经验和习惯,挡位切换曲面变化平滑,比传统计算法求解换挡规律更简便、易于实现、鲁棒性更强.     

基于DSP实现的自动变速器神经网络换挡研究

研究了车辆自动变速器的换挡建模问题，介绍了利用径向基神经网络（RBFN）的换挡建模方法和算法，为了满足建模过程的在线运行，设计了DSP处理器TMS320C31和80C196双CPU硬件系统，测试结果表明，RBFN网模型能够很好从驾驶员的换挡数据中获得换挡规律，利用DSP实现RBFN算法满足工程要求。     

基于CPNTool的换挡过程建模与分析

针对换挡本身特性,提出一种利用着色Petri网对换挡过程进行建模的方法。首先,利用聚类分析对单个时窗内的车辆运行参数进行聚类,依据一定时间段内车辆运动状态的转移对下一时刻车辆的运动状态进行估计,将车速信息和状态估计值作为车辆换挡决策的判定条件,利用具有鲜明层次化特性和替代变迁良好交互特性的CPNTool对换挡过程流进行建模仿真,依据交通环境和车辆状态信息设定每个状态迁移的时间延迟,通过分析几种可能的换挡过程所产生的时间延迟给出最佳的换挡次序;最后,采集道路实车试验数据对换挡模型进行有效性验证。测试结果表明,该建模方法能够以图形化方式充分展现出换挡过程中驾驶员操作流程的变迁,此外,该模型能够有效估计出每个驾驶员换挡过程所需的时间,对驾驶员的换挡急缓程度作出评价。     

叉车液力自动变速器的性能仿真研究

本文基于两参数换挡规律,建立驾驶员模型、发动机模型和传动模型,利用Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow建立自动换挡模型,对整车动力系统在特定工况下进行仿真研究,结果表明该自动变速器模型正确,能严格按照换挡规律换挡。     

AMT汽车模糊三参数换挡规律研究

为了使AMT汽车自动变速器换挡能够反映路况与车况变化,更好地满足汽车换挡平顺性要求,提出了AMT汽车模糊三参数换挡控制。论文首先给出了模糊三参数换挡控制原理,接着设计了模糊三参数换挡控制器,最后给出了长安羚羊AMT轿车模糊三参数换挡仿真,并与模糊两参数换挡进行了比较。结果表明,采用模糊三参数换挡比采用模糊两参数换挡更加符合驾驶员的换挡经验和习惯,比传统计算法求解换挡规律更简便,易于实现,鲁棒性更强。     

基于变载荷的最佳动力性AMT换挡规律修正

针对城市公交车运行过程中乘客上下车频繁、载荷变化比较大,致使车辆动力性不能充分发挥的特点,提出了变载荷对电控机械式自动变速器(AMT)动态三参数最佳动力性换挡规律实时修正的方法。通过对车辆进行纵向动力学分析,建立了变载荷换挡规律数学模型,得到了汽车在不同载荷状态下的最佳换挡点。最后利用Matlab/Simulink搭建整车传动系统模型,并进行仿真。通过对车辆在变载荷与传统换挡规律下挡位变化快慢、最高车速和行驶路程进行比较,表明质量修正后的换挡规律改善了公交车的行驶动力性,真实地反映了车辆换挡时所处的状态,验证了变载荷换挡规律的有效性。     

综合考虑CVT动力性和经济性的整车控制策略集成优化

传统的无级变速器（Continuously Variable Transmission,CVT）的策略优化集中在CVT换挡策略优化上,因此在提升燃油经济性的同时往往损害动力性。针对这一问题,在分析换挡策略和踏板扭矩策略对整车动力性和燃油经济性影响的基础上,提出集成优化换挡策略和踏板扭矩策略的方法;设计优化流程,得到不同车速、不同加速踏板开度下换挡策略和踏板扭矩策略的优化结果。搭建整车虚拟仿真模型,并进行仿真与试验对比分析,结果表明：集成优化可在保证动力性不衰减甚至提升的条件下,燃油效率提高约4%。     

电控汽车自动变速器换挡系统设计

为了提升电控汽车在换挡过程中的顺畅度及舒适性，实现自动变速的换挡控制功能，分析了换挡质量的衡量指标，构建车辆传动系统中核心部件发动机、离合器、变速器的动力学模型以及车辆阻力模型，详细设计了自动变速换挡控制系统的转速控制模块、变速执行模块以及动态抗扰动模块。利用PID控制实现发动机的转速调整，利用选换挡电机实现变速控制，采用动态滑膜算法提升系统抗扰动能力。经过实车验证，系统在升档过程中换挡耗时1.15 s,车辆冲击度在4 m/s³以内，耗时短、冲击小，达到了良好的换挡控制效果。     

双离合器自动变速车辆换挡模糊免疫PID控制

双离器式自动变速器车辆的核心与难点是换挡过程离合器重叠控制.针对传统离合器控制系统难以适应系统的非线性和时变等特性,从而影响换挡过程离合器系统精确控制的问题,借鉴生物免疫反馈响应过程的调节作用和模糊逻辑推理的自适应性来实现离合器控制参数自整定,设计了基于模糊免疫PID的离合器控制策略.应用Simulink建立了双离合器式自动变速车辆换挡过程离合器接合数学模型和控制器仿真模型.仿真实验表明,基于模糊免疫算法的PID离合器控制器能更好地提高控制系统的精度和响应速度,并能适应离合器系统参数的变化,较好地提高了双离合器式自动变速器换挡过程的品质.     

国内汽车机械式自动变速器技术研究综述

文章简要回顾了近年来国内汽车机械式自动变速器技术研究的状况,总结了一些关键技术的研究进展,特别是在换挡控制、起步控制、换挡规律等方面的研究成果。对于无离合器换挡、不分离离合器换挡技术的发展也进行了评述。     

The discrimination of clutch-pedal resistances

A rig was constructed to the approximate dimensions of existing trucks and incorporated a dynamic, spring-loaded, clutch pedal, the resistance of which could be adjusted. Twenty subjects took part in an experiment on the discrimination of pedal resistances. Using the psychophysical method of limits a value of 0·07 was obtained for the Weber Fraction. This figure was reasonably consistent across standard resistances ranging from 89 to 445 N (20–100 lbf) and it may thus be concluded that a difference of at least 7% must exist between foot-pedal resistances for a difference to be detected by 50% of the population.     

Compact factors of countable state Markov shifts

We study continuous shift commuting maps from transitive countable state Markov shifts into compact subshifts. The closure of the image is a coded system. On the other hand, any coded system is the surjective image of some transitive Markov shift, which may be chosen locally compact by construction. These two results yield a formal analogy to “the transitive sofic systems are the subshift factors of transitive shifts of finite type”. Then we consider factor maps which have bounded coding length in some graph presentation (label maps). Now the image has to be synchronized, but not every synchronized system can be obtained in this way. We show various restrictions for a surjective label map to exist.     

A new backward shift algorithm for system identification by a good choice of frequencies

In this study, we propose a novel backward shift algorithm for pole estimation of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. By making adjustments, we address the question: How should the frequencies of input signals be chosen? We select the frequencies based on algebraic accuracy in the numerical integral and use the Gaussian–Legendre formula in this process. After poles are located, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the new backward shift algorithm (new BSA) along with the least squares (LS) method are used to identify the systems. Two examples show that the proposed method for pole estimation performs better and the corresponding identification algorithm is practical.     

一类多涡卷混沌系统及硬件实现

通过选取合适的不稳定线性系统,构建新的非线性函数,提出了一种基于平移变换的能产生任意偶数个和奇数个吸引子的多涡卷混沌系统。在数值仿真的基础上设计该系统的实际电路并确定电路元件的参数值,以三涡卷混沌系统为例,利用Multisim进行了电路仿真,焊接电路板进行了硬件实验。各种仿真和实验结果均表明了该方法的有效性。     

最小频移键控系统实现技术的仿真研究

研究了最小频移键控系统的仿真实现问题。给出了该系统调制与解调的工作原理，并基于System View软件环境设计了该系统的仿真实现，给出了系统的的主要功能和参数，以及最后所得到的全系统的仿真运行结果。     

硅压力传感器静态特性参数计算机标定系统

介绍可标定６４路压力传感器静态特性参数的计算机标定系统。数据采集精度可达０．０５％，可得出传感器的非线性、迟滞、重复性、零位输出、零位温漂、灵敏度、温漂特性参数。该系统还可用于压力传感器的温漂补偿。补偿后压力传感器零位＜０．５ｍＶ，零位温漂＜５×１０－５／℃Ｆ．Ｓ。     

Electricity storage systems in the future German energy sector: An optimization of the German electricity generation system until 2040 considering grid restrictions

Due to the growing feed-in of electricity based on renewables, electricity storage systems will be essential in the future energy sector. Because of the volatile feed-in, electricity will have to be shifted temporally. Additionally, load centers and regions of potentially high wind-based electricity production are located far away from each other in Germany, resulting in the need to transport electricity from the north to the south. According to the targets defined by the German government, more than 60% of electricity generation in 2040 is to be based on renewables. A strategic allocation of storage systems might help to improve the utilization of grid capacities and integrate renewables at the same time. To analyze this, we implemented the possibility to commission storage systems throughout Germany in the energy system model PERSEUS-NET-ESS. This investment and dispatch model includes a DC approach of the German transmission grid and, thus, calculates not only the installed capacities, but also their optimal allocation. Besides storage systems, gas turbines or load shift potentials can be used for the integration of renewables. In this paper, we use PERSEUS-NET-ESS to evaluate the alternatives taking the grid restrictions into account. Results indicate that it is beneficial to commission about 3.2 GW of battery storage systems until 2040, provided that storage investment will drop to about 150 €/kWh until then. The main part of the capacity is to be deployed in northern Germany close to the sea, where electricity from off-shore wind parks will be fed into the grid. At the same time, the storage systems will be located mainly close to congested grid lines. For the case of battery storage systems being impossible in the model, gas turbines are commissioned instead. Modeling will also consider the load shift potential due to electric mobility. It can substitute almost all of the commissioned storage systems and at the same time reduce the total generation capacity needed.     

Development of a hybrid expert system for nurse shift scheduling

In this article, we discuss the effect of nurse shift job on circadian rhythm, work stress, and some important ergonomics criteria. We also review and compare different nurse shift scheduling methodologies via the criteria of flexibility, consideration of nurse preference, and consideration of ergonomics principles. A hybrid expert system, entitled NURSE-HELP, is developed to facilitate the nurse scheduling process with an emphasis on considering ergonomics criteria. Moreover, the combination of a linear zero-one goal programming and an expert system program reduces the program run time while maintaining the quality of the schedule. The evaluation of the system is done by comparing 18 sets of four-week schedules generated by the head nurses manually and by NURSE-HELP. Concerning the amount of time to generate the schedules, NURSE-HELP averages less than 20 minutes while the head nurses spend about two to four hours. The quality of the schedules is measured by the following four criteria; minimum staff level not satisfied, day off request not granted, backward rotation, and maximum consecutive work periods on the night shift. The results show that NURSE-HELP is superior than the head nurses in preparing schedules, both in terms of time and quality.     

PID算法中积分环节的改进

本文对传统的PID控制算法进行了深入的分析,并结合实际工程项目,对原PID算法中的积分部分进行了改进。基于实际控制对象,先后用到了“分段积分”,“变速积分”,“非线形变速积分”等方法。经过实验验证,相比传统PID算法,上述改进方法的综合利用取得了显著效果。     

煤矿井下排水泵控制系统设计

在煤矿井下的排水系统中,需要多台排水泵协调地工作。文章针对煤矿井下排水泵的特点,通过分析其控制要求,在系统控制的可靠性和控制实现的简洁性、经济性之间寻求最佳化,给出了实现多台排水泵电机均衡运行和自动轮值控制的一种方法。