基于图像归一化的抗几何攻击水印技术

在数字图像水印中,确保水印和图像的同步问题是水印图像有效抵抗几何攻击的关键.本文利用几何不变矩,对水印抗几何攻击进行了探讨,提出了一种基于几何不变矩的抗几何攻击的水印算法.通过对原始图像和攻击后的图像的归一化处理,使水印和图像在嵌入与提取过程保证同步.实验证明该方法对常见的几何攻击有很好的鲁棒性,嵌入的水印容量较大且水印图像的质量也较高.     

Still-image watermarking robust to local geometric distortions.

Geometrical distortions are the Achilles heel for many watermarking schemes. Most countermeasures proposed in the literature only address the problem of global affine transforms (e.g., rotation, scaling, and translation). In this paper, we propose an original blind watermarking algorithm robust to local geometrical distortions such as the deformations induced by Stirmark. Our method consists in adding a predefined additional information to the useful message bits at the insertion step. These additional bits are labeled as resynchronization bits or reference bits and they are modulated in the same way as the information bits. During the extraction step, the reference bits are used as anchor points to estimate and compensate for small local and global geometrical distortions. The deformations are approximated using a modified basic optical flow algorithm.     

基于Contourlet变换的抗几何攻击数字水印算法

提出一种新的基于Contourlet变换的抗几何攻击水印算法。利用图像Contourlet系数在不同分辨率下的父子关系提出“空间方向重要树”（SDST）的概念,进而确定重要系数并嵌入水印信息;利用新的仿归一化方法,通过计算并比较原始图像（水印已嵌入）与接收图像（受到攻击后）的特征量校正图像,达到抵抗几何攻击的目的。结果...     

基于SIFT特征点的抗几何攻击水印算法

提出了一种基于尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)和伪Zernike矩的抗几何攻击的鲁棒水印算法。首先,利用SIFT算法从载体图像中提取稳定的特征点;然后,根据特征尺度和方向自适应地确定每个局部特征区域大小和方向;最后,从中选择具有较大特征尺度互不重叠的特征区域,并利用量化调制伪Zernike矩幅值方法将水印嵌入到每个局部特征区域内。仿真实验结果表明,该算法不仅具有良好的透明性,而且具有较强的抵抗常规信号处理和几何攻击的能力。     

Digital watermarking algorithm in SWT domain based on robust local feature

Aiming at the challenging work to design a robust digital audio watermarking algorithm against desynchronization attacks,a new second generation digital audio watermarking in stationary wavelet transform (SWT) domain based on robust local audio feature was proposed.First,the first-order smooth gradient response of the low-pass sub-band coefficient was calculated using Gaussian filter.Then,the short-term energy was utilized to adaptively determine local feature audio segments for embedding.Finally,the watermark information was embedded into local feature audio segments with spread transform dither modulation.The experimental results show that the proposed approach has not only good transparency,but also has strong robustness against common audio processing such as MP3 compression and good robustness against the desynchronization attacks such as pitch-scale modification et al.A SWT domain audio feature point extraction method based on smooth gradient is proposed,which effectively solves the drawbacks of poor stability and uneven distribution of audio feature points,and improves the resistance of digital audio watermarks to amplitude-scale modification,pitch-scale modification,random cropping,and jittering attacks.     

Blind MPEG-2 video watermarking robust against geometric attacks: a set of approaches in DCT domain.

A set of robust MPEG-2 video watermarking techniques is proposed, focusing on commonly used typical geometric processing for bit-rate reduction, cropping, removal of any rows, arbitrary-ratio downscaling, and frame dropping. Both the embedding and the extraction of watermarks are done in the compressed domain, so the computational cost is low. Moreover, the watermark extraction is blind, i.e., no original unwatermarked MPEG-2 video is needed for watermark extraction. The presented technique is applicable not only to MPEG-2 video, but also to other DCT-based coding videos. Selected experimental results validate our techniques.     

Improved robust VQ-based watermarking

A robust watermarking method based on vector quantisation (VQ) is proposed as an improvement to existing VQ watermarking techniques. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method exhibits superior performance compared to existing techniques for a variety of attacks.     

Registration of images with geometric distortions

A technique for registration of images with geometric distortions is described. This technique uses two surface splines to represent the X-component and the Y-component of a mapping function. A mapping function is described in such a way that it would map corresponding control points in the image exactly on top of each other and map other points in the image by interpolation using information and local geometric distortion between the images     

一种改进的鲁棒性水印算法

为增强嵌入水印方法的抵抗攻击能力,以及进一步提高数字图像水印的安全性,提出了一种基于DWT(离散小波变换)、DCT(离散余弦变换)和SVD(矩阵奇异值分解)的改进的水印算法。该算法首先对载体图像进行偏低频的3次DWT变换得到一个低频子图与三个高频子图,同时对加密置乱后的水印图像进行1次小波分解得到一个低频子图与高频子图;然后再对8个子图进行DCT变换,对DCT变换后的子图再进行互不重叠的大小为8×8的分块,分别对各个分块进行SVD(奇异值分解)变换,最后把水印的各个分块根据嵌入准则分别嵌入到相应子图的分块中。实验表明,该算法能够更好地抵抗JPEG压缩、高斯噪声、椒盐噪声、剪切等常见的攻击。     

AN H.264/AVC HDTV watermarking algorithm robust to camcorder recording

With the purpose of copyright protection of digital video, this paper proposes an H.264/AVC HDTV watermarking method that is robust to camcorder recording. Because contents in the consecutive frames of a video are almost identical, we embed the copyright information by fine-tuning the luminance relationship of the consecutive frames. To ensure the quality of the video and the robustness of the algorithm, we use an adaptive watermark pattern to reduce the image area to be modified, and we make the embedding strength adaptive according to the improved Watson visual model. When detecting watermarks, to reduce detecting errors caused by recording errors and shot changes, we determine the detecting area adaptively according to the size of the watermarked video and segment the video into shots using the directional empirical mode decomposition method. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high video quality and is robust to camcorder recording, transcoding, recoding, and other geometric attacks.     

Localized image watermarking in spatial domain resistant to geometric attacks

Watermark robustness to geometric attacks is still a challenging research field. In this paper, a novel robust image watermarking scheme is proposed for resisting such attacks. Watermark synchronization is first achieved by local invariant regions which can be generated using scale normalization and image feature points. The watermark is embedded into all the local regions repeatedly in spatial domain. During embedding, each circular region is first divided into homocentric cirque regions. Then the watermark bits are embedded by quantizing each cirque region into an “odd” or “even” region using odd–even quantization. In the decoder, an odd–even detector (OED) is designed to extract the watermark from the distorted image directly. Localized embedding achieves good invisibility and repeated insertion enhances watermark robustness. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is robust to both geometric attacks and traditional signal processing attacks.     

An asymmetric image watermarking scheme resistant against geometrical distortions

In this paper, a novel asymmetric public-key watermarking scheme for static images is proposed. The watermark is embedded with the use of a private key, while the decoding uses only a simple public key. The asymmetric watermark carries certain number of bits of information. However, neither the knowledge of the public key, nor the knowledge of the hidden information, allows the attacker to remove the watermark. That information can be read from an attacked image, in particular from a geometrically transformed image. Moreover, the proposed watermark could be used as a synchronization template for another private-key watermark.     

一种新的基于图像内容特征的顽健水印

使用混沌映射将二进制商标的像素在空间区域中进行随机置乱,然后将置乱的信息分块嵌入在图像的DCT变换系数中。为了使水印的分布集中在图像显著的边缘特征中,提出了基于图像内容的模糊熵测度算法,水印嵌入的强度随着图像特征变化而自适应地变化。在水印的检测中,利用Kalman滤波算法对水印信息进行预测和估计,在没有原始图像数据的情况下,能够使嵌入的商标得到恢复以表明数字图像的版权。实验结果表明,所提出的方案,对于水印的嵌入及提取具有很好的效果,可作为可靠的版权保护工具而应用。     

数字音频水印技术

讨论了数字音频水印技术的一些基本原理,如数字音频水印系统模型、音频掩蔽及MPEG心理声学模型、音频水印系统的要求及应用,随后重点研究目前出现的一些音频水印技术的工作原理,最后对该研究领域的未来做出展望。     

多媒体数字水印技术

本文介绍了一种新型数字产品保护技术－数字水印,它利用数据隐藏技术将特定的信息嵌入到数字产品中,达到保护数字产品版权和数据完整性的目的。本文介绍了数字水印技术的特点和发展两头具体分析了几种方案和实际应用情况。     

数字音频水印技术

数字水印技术已成为当前信息安全领域发展最快的热点技术之一,受到国际学术界和企业界的高度关注。对音频水印的发展概况、种类和相关算法进行了概述,展望了音频水印的应用前景,提出了今后的研究思路。     

A robust region-adaptive dual image watermarking technique

Despite the progress in digital image watermarking technology, the main objectives of the majority of research in this area remain to be the improvement in robustness to attack. In this paper, a novel watermarking technique is proposed using a region-adaptive approach to further improve upon criteria. Watermark data is embedded on different regions of the host image using a combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition techniques. The technique is derived from an earlier hypothesis that the robustness of a watermarking process can be improved by using watermark data which frequency spectrum not dissimilar to that of the host data. To facilitate this, the technique utilises dual watermarking technologies and embed parts of the watermark images into selected regions in the host image. Our experiment shows our technique has improved the robustness of the watermark data to image processing attacks and geometric attacks, thus validating the earlier hypothesis.     

A feature-based robust digital image watermarking scheme

A robust digital image watermarking scheme that combines image feature extraction and image normalization is proposed. The goal is to resist both geometric distortion and signal processing attacks. We adopt a feature extraction method called Mexican hat wavelet scale interaction. The extracted feature points can survive a variety of attacks and be used as reference points for both watermark embedding and detection. The normalized image of an image (object) is nearly invariant with respect to rotations. As a result, the watermark detection task can be much simplified when it is applied to the normalized image. However, because image normalization is sensitive to image local variation, we apply image normalization to nonoverlapped image disks separately. The disks are centered at the extracted feature points. Several copies of a 16-bit watermark sequence are embedded in the original image to improve the robustness of watermarks. Simulation results show that our scheme can survive low-quality JPEG compression, color reduction, sharpening, Gaussian filtering, median filtering, row or column removal, shearing, rotation, local warping, cropping, and linear geometric transformations.