离聚物对PET／LDPE共混物的结构与性能研究

用双螺杆挤出机反应性挤出的方法合成了低密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸镧（ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＬａ）离聚物。与其它方法相比，该法具有工艺简单，易于工业化生产的特点。我们将离聚物与ＰＥＴ，ＬＤＰＥ在双螺杆挤出机上熔融共混挤出，并用注射成型机制备标准样条，对共混物力学性能进行了测试，发现离聚物有显著的增韧效果，另外，通过ＩＲ，ＤＳＣ，溶解性实验，分子量的测定等还考察了离聚物对ＰＥＴ／ＬＤＰＥ共混体系的结构影响。     

DBM-g-PE与PVC的相互作用研究EI

采用固相接枝法制备了ＤＢＭ－ｇ－ＰＥ，用红外光谱分析证明了接枝物确实存在。ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ＝１００／５合金性能测定结果表明，添加５份接枝物的合金（Ａ），缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度分别为１８．２ｋＪ／ｍ２和５３．０ＭＰａ；而添加５份ＰＥ的合金（Ｂ），其相应性能为５．１ｋＪ／ｍ２和３３．８ＭＰａ。不加接枝物的合金（Ｃ），虽有高韧性，但拉伸强度却由５３．０ＭＰａ降至５０．２ＭＰａ。ＤＳＣ、ＳＥＭ的结果均表明，ＰＥ接枝ＤＢＭ后与ＰＶＣ的相互作用增强，与ＣＰＥ协同作用能增韧、增强ＰＶＣ，并探讨了其机理。     

PET／HDPE共混物的形态结构及力学性能的研究

利用ＩＲ、ＳＥＭ、ＤＳＣ和力学测试等分析方法，研究了熔融接枝高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ）和界面改性剂（ＩＭ）对ＰＥＴ／ＨＤＰＥ共混物形态结构、界面偶联状况和力学性能的影响。结果在明，ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ改善了ＰＥＴ与ＨＤＰＥ的相容性，使ＨＤＰＥ较均匀地分散在ＰＥＴ基体中，但并未检测到ＰＥＴ／ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ界面有化学反应发生。界面改性剂的作用在于，一方面通过提高ＰＥＴ基体的粘度，并接近ＨＤＰＥ相的粘度而使分散相细化；另一方面通过与ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ和ＰＥＴ的偶联反应而增强了ＰＥＴ／ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ界面粘结，从而显著地提高了共混物的抗冲击性能。     

LDPE硅烷接枝及其交联副反应研究

研究了以ＤＣＰ（过氧化二异丙苯）为引发剂，在挤出过程中将不饱和硅烷（乙烯基－三甲氧基硅烷）接枝到ＬＤＰＥ分子链上时，挤出温度、ＤＣＰ用量、硅烷用量等因素对接枝率及交联副反应的影响，采用红外光谱计算接枝率；通过凝胶含量测量对熔融接枝过程中的交联副反应进行跟踪测量，结果表明，在溶融接枝过程中，交联副反应是二种反应的加和，一种是ＤＣＰ引发ＬＤＰＥ分子间的Ｃ－Ｃ交联，另一种是接枝后的大分子链上的－Ｓｉ（Ｏ     

EAA与端噁唑啉聚醚偶联接枝物对PE的抗静电作用

研究了ＥＡＡ与端唑啉聚醚（活性聚醚）的偶联接枝反应，用ＩＲ及化学分析方法证实了流形接枝物ＥＡＡ－ｇ－ＰＥＯ的生成；考察了不同用量和不同种类的活性聚醚所形成的梳形接枝物对ＬＤＰＥ表面电阻率的影响，实验证明该梳形接枝物是一种较好的持久性高分子抗静电剂．     

HPB－b－PMMA增容PVC／PE共混物球晶和结晶行为研究

以小角激光散射（ＳＡＬＳ）和广角Ｘ光衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）技术，测定了氢化聚丁二烯－聚甲基丙烯酸甲基嵌段共聚物（ＨＰＢ－ｂ－ＰＭＭＡ）增容的聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）和聚乙烯（ＰＥ）共混物的球晶形态和结晶度。从该共混物中ＰＥ的结晶状况得出，增容剂ＨＰＢ－ｂ－ＰＭＭＡｄ在降低ＰＥ结晶能力、增加ＰＥ／ＰＶＣ界面粘合并形成ＰＶＣ和ＰＥ相间的部分相容性有着重要的作用。     

紫外线辐照HDPE与尼龙－6相容性的研究

采用ＩＲ、ＳＥＭ、ＤＳＣ和拉伸应力－应变曲线研究了紫外线辐照ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６的相容性，结果表明，随紫外线辐照时间的增长，ＨＤＰＥ分子链上引入Ｃ＝Ｏ－Ｃ－Ｏ－等极性基团明显增加；ＰＡ６的粒径减小，与基体间界面作用加强；两组分玻璃化温度差（Ｔ_（ｇ，ＰＡ６）－Ｔ_（ｇ，ＨＤＰＥ））减小；共混物拉伸应力－应变曲线上出现屈服点及拉伸冷流塑性形变。当辐照时间达１４４ｈ后，由于ＨＤＰＥ热稳定性明显变差，共混物韧性突降，拉伸应力－应变曲线上未出现屈服点。     

胶乳型互穿聚合物网络研究：Ⅲ.环氧树脂／聚丙烯酸酯Sem …

通过ＩＲ，ＤＳＣ，ＴＧ，ＴＥＭ溶胀比测定等方法，对丙烯酸丁酯－苯乙烯－甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＢＡ－Ｓｔ－ＭＭＡ）交联共聚物的结构和ＥＰ／Ｐ（ＢＡ－Ｓｔ－ＭＭＡ）Ｓｅｍｉ－ＬＩＰＮ（ＥＰ为环氧树脂）的结构，热稳定性，溶胀性及乳胶膜的吸水性，乳胶粒开形态进行了研究。结果表明：ＢＡ－Ｓｔ－ＭＭＡ共聚物中主要是无规共聚物，也含有嵌段或接枝共聚链段，但并不太长；当该Ｓｅｍｉ－ＬＩＰＮ受热时，其中的ＥＰ因未交联而先     

试验因素对LDPE熔融接枝AA影响的灰色系统分析

研究了丙烯酸作为接支单体,过氧化二异丙苯作为引发剂,与低密度聚乙类混合,在单螺杆挤出机中进行熔融接枝反应,测定了ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＡＡ的熔融旨数和表征接枝率的吸光比。结果表明,各因素对ＭＩ和Ｒ的影响程度是不同的,ＡＡ掺入量与ＭＩ有密切相关,而ＤＣＰ加入量对ＭＩ影响程度较小。     

胶乳型互穿聚合物网络研究 Ⅲ.环氧树脂/聚丙烯酸酯Semi-LIPN的结构与性能

通过ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＴＧ、ＴＥＭ、溶胀比测定等方法，对丙烯酸丁酯－苯乙烯－甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＢＡ－Ｓｔ－ＭＭＡ）交联共聚物的结构和ＥＰ／Ｐ（ＢＡ－Ｓｔ－ＭＭＡ）Ｓｅｍｉ－ＬＩＰＮ（ＥＰ为环氧树脂）的结构、热稳定性、溶胀性及乳胶膜的吸水性、乳胶粒形态进行了研究。结果表明，ＢＡ－Ｓｔ－ＭＭＡ共聚物中主要是无规共聚物，也含有嵌段或接枝共聚的链段，但并不太长；当该Ｓｅｍｉ－ＬＩＰＮ受热时，其中的ＥＰ因未交联而先行分解；ＥＰ的加入使乳胶膜的吸水性降低；在乳胶粒的测试过程中，由于分散程度不同还观察到了网络结构。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.