改进型低温供热堆二次侧非能动余热排出系统不稳定性分析

研究了改进型低温供热堆非能动余热排出系统不稳定性问题。采用RELAP5程序计算分析了非能动余热排出系统瞬态响应情况,余热排出系统冷凝管内由于压力与两相段长度不匹配出现冷凝两相流不稳定性。采用RELAP5程序数值计算所得冷凝流动稳定性边界与Bhatt公式理论分析结果符合良好。增大冷凝管入口节流,增加冷凝管流通面积、换热面积,可以避免冷凝流动不稳定性。     

摇摆条件下非能动余热排出系统的实验研究

在摇摆台架上对非能动余热排出系统进行了实验研究和数值模拟.在小摇摆振幅条件下,摇摆对系统影响较小,在大摇摆振幅条件下,系统的传热能力有一定程度的降低;摇摆条件下,系统的传热受传热系数、摩擦阻力和流速等因素的影响,而不是摇摆振幅和周期的简单函数.在RELAP5/MOD3.2程序的基础上,用漂移流模型代替两流体模型,通过修正混合物动量方程、提升压降、冷凝传热关系式和添加矩阵求逆模块研制了摇摆条件下非能动余热排出系统的计算分析软件.对实验进行了数值模拟,结果与实验比较吻合.     

采用非能动余热排出系统实验数据对RELAP5程序的评价

利用非能动余热排出系统1∶10原理性实验台架的稳态实验与启动实验数据,对RELAP5/MOD3.2程序进行评估。结果表明：对于本原理性实验系统,RELAP5/MOD3.2程序过低估算了蒸汽流速对蒸汽凝结换热系数的影响,因而,程序中垂直管内的蒸汽凝结换热系数偏小,计算结果与实验结果偏差大。对RELAP5/MOD3.2程序垂直管内蒸汽凝结换热模型进行了修正,修正后的计算结果与实验值基本吻合。评价结果表明：采用RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对该类型的非能动余热排出系统进行计算,需对程序中垂直管内的蒸汽凝结换热模型进行修正。     

非能动余热排出系统数学模型研究与运行特性分析

利用某型核动力装置非能动余热排出系统1:10原理性试验的8个稳态工况、6个启动工况的试验数据,验证RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对本类型非能动余热排出系统的适用性。结果表明:垂直管内蒸汽凝结换热系数对两相流自然循环的流动与传热影响大;RELAP5/MOD3.2程序过低估算了垂直管内蒸汽流速对蒸汽凝结换热系数的影响,计算结果与试验结果偏差大。对RELAP5/MOD3.2程序垂直管内的蒸汽凝结换热模型进行修正,修正后的计算结果与试验值基本吻合;采用RELAP5程序对垂直管内两相流自然循环传热进行计算,须选择热前沿跟踪模型。对非能动余热排出系统的稳态与瞬态运行特性进行分析,理论计算与试验结果均表明:稳态工况下,系统可以实现稳定的两相流自然循环,系统排热能力受蒸汽发生器水位的影响大,冷却水入口温度与系统压力的影响相对较小;系统的启动特性良好,可快速地建立环路的自然循环,带走反应堆的衰变热。     

非能动专设安全设施应急余热排出试验研究

在海水淡化堆综合模拟试验装置上,开展了非能动专设安全设施应急余热排出模拟试验研究,获得了系统参数对非能动余热排出特性的影响规律。利用RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对蓄压水池不同初始水位下自然循环的建立和余热导出的过程进行了计算。结果表明,RELAP5/MOD3.2程序能较好地模拟海水淡化堆非能动专设安全设施的非能动余热导出过程,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。     

用AC-600非能动余热排出系统实验评估RELAP5程序

利用RELAP5程序对先进堆二次侧非能动堆芯余热排出系统实验的瞬态过程进行数值模拟。在微循环启动,有注水的工况下,比较了RELAP5程序的计算结果和实验数据,计算结果与实验基本一致。由此可见,利用RELAP5程序分析此类问题是可行的。瞬态计算结果还为先进压水堆非能动余热排出系统的设计提供参考。     

RELAP5程序应用于二次侧非能动余热排出系统设计的初步评价

应用实验数据对RELAP5/MOD3.3程序应用于二次侧非能动余热排出系统设计进行初步评价,结果表明,系统投入初期,由于RELAP5程序的一维流动假设,针对事故冷却水池早期的内部三维对流传热模拟存在不足;系统投入后期,冷却水池内部传热为泡核沸腾,池式沸腾换热占主导地位,程序计算结果与实验结果较吻合,RELAP5/MOD3.3程序基本适用于二次侧非能动余热排出系统的稳态运行特性分析。     

PRS换热器蒸汽凝结换热模型研究

使用RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对某型核动力装置二次侧非能动余热排出系统(PRS)1:1实验装置进行稳态计算,一些工况下计算结果同实验结果偏差较大。研究了汽-液界面剪切应力及系统高压等条件对层流和湍流状态下竖直管内蒸汽凝结模型的影响,并对模型进行了改进。改进后的RELAP5程序对该系统1:1实验装置进行稳态和瞬态计算,计算结果同实验结果符合良好。     

摇摆条件下海上浮动堆全厂断电事故分析

为研究海洋条件对海上浮动堆全厂断电事故后的事故进程及非能动安全系统运行特性的影响,通过建立海洋条件加速度场模型,基于RELAP5程序开发获得了适用于海上浮动堆的系统分析程序,并对程序进行了实验验证。利用所开发的程序通过建立双环路海上浮动堆及二次侧非能动余热排出系统的计算模型,开展了不同摇摆运动参数下海上浮动堆全厂断电事故的计算分析。计算结果表明,船体的横摇运动可加快全厂断电事故后浮动堆系统压力和温度的下降速度,堆芯余热能够被二次侧非能动余热排出系统有效导出;但横摇运动会造成事故后堆芯自然循环流量的显著降低,引起一回路系统和非能动余热排出系统中自然循环流量的大幅度振荡及周期性倒流。本文计算结果可为海上浮动堆非能动安全系统的设计提供参考。     

海水淡化堆非能动余热排出特性模拟实验研究

在规模因子为1/45的海水淡化堆综合模拟实验装置上,开展海水淡化堆非能动余热排出特性模拟实验研究。验证海水淡化堆非能动安全系统能够保证在诸如全场断电等事故导致紧急停堆后堆芯余热的有效导出,分析系统参数对非能动余热排出特性的影响规律。利用RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对非能动余热排出实验进行模拟分析,结果表明RELAP5/MOD3.2程序能够较好模拟海水淡化堆非能动安全系统的非能动余热导出过程,计算结果与实验结果符合较好。     

Research on operational characteristics of passive residual heat removal system under rolling motion

The operational characteristics of passive residual heat removal system under rolling motion were investigated experimentally. The passive residual heat removal system under rolling motion was simulated with the advanced RELAP5 code. The results are consistent with experiments. The relative discrepancy between calculating and experimental results is less than 10%. The modified condensation heat transfer model can also be used to calculate the condensation heat transfer coefficient with droplet carryover precisely. The fluctuation of condensate temperature and steam pressure is not noticeable. As the power becomes larger for the same rolling motion, the oscillation amplitude of condensate flow rate becomes larger. The effect of rolling motion upon heat transfer coefficient and flow resistance was investigated with experimental results. Rolling motion can increase the flow resistance in a great extent. The more serious the rolling is, the more the flow resistance is. Additional pressure drop does not effect on average flow velocity. The decreasing of average flow velocity is due to the decreasing average gravity pressure drop and the increasing of flow resistance. The contribution of gravity pressure drop on the decrement of average flow velocity is less than 20%. The other is due to the increasing flow resistance. In the present paper, the experimental results are listed first, and then the simulation results comparing with the experimental results are listed in the second part. At last, the effect of rolling motion is investigated theoretically.     

Thermal hydraulic calculation in a passive residual heat removal system of the SMART-P plant for forced and natural convection conditions

An investigation of the thermal hydraulic characteristics in the passive residual heat removal system of the System integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor-P (SMART-P) has been carried out using the MARS code, which is a best estimate system analysis code. The SMART-P is designed to cool the system during accidental conditions by a natural convection. The dominant heat transfer in the steam generator is a boiling mode under a forced convection condition, and it is a single-phase liquid and a boiling heat transfer under a natural convection condition. Most of the heat is removed in the heat exchanger of the passive residual heat removal system by a condensation heat transfer. The passive residual heat removal system can remove the energy from the primary side as long as the heat exchanger is submerged in the refueling water tank. The mass flow is stable under a natural circulation condition though it oscillates periodically with a small amplitude. The parameter study is performed by considering the effects of an effective height between the steam generator and the heat exchanger, a hydraulic resistance, an initial pressure, a non-condensable gas fraction in the compensating tank, and a valve actuation time, which are useful for the design of the passive residual heat removal system. The mass flow in the passive residual heat removal system has been affected by the height between the steam generator and the heat exchanger, and the hydraulic resistance of the loop.     

大型先进压水堆非能动冷却水箱关键热工水力特性研究综述

第3代大型先进压水堆设置非能动余热排出系统,包括大容积高位水箱及其内置的非能动余热排出热交换器(PRHR HX)和自动降压系统（ADS）喷洒器,在运行过程中呈现出复杂的气液两相热工水力现象和独特的传热、传质特性。近年来随着非能动安全系统工程需求和相关研究的兴起,国内外开展了一些针对大容积非能动冷却水箱及其内置关键部件热工水力特性的相关研究,本文对上述问题的研究现状进行综述。对于PRHR HX,评价特殊C型管束在单相自然对流、两相沸腾条件下的传热特性,分析经典传热模型及改进经验关联式的适用性;对于ADS 1~3级喷洒器高温高压蒸汽喷放冷凝过程,综合分析其喷放冷凝流型、特征参数、冷凝换热系数等关键传热、传质特性。以上研究大幅丰富了第3代大型先进压水堆大容积水箱的设计理论,并进行了实际工程应用。本文在此基础上,对相关研究未来发展方向进行展望。     

Development and steady state level experimental validation of TASS/SMR core heat transfer model for the integral reactor SMART

An advanced integral pressurized water reactor (PWR) of a small size (330 MWt) is being developed by the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). The purposes of the reactor are a sea water desalination and an electricity generation. To enhance its safety, many advanced design concepts are introduced such as a passive residual removal system and a low power density core. For the safety validation of the designed reactor, a system analysis code named TASS/SMR, was developed. TASS/SMR code uses a one dimensional node/path modeling for the thermal hydraulic calculation and point kinetics for the core power calculation. The code also has specific models for the developed integral reactor, such as a helical tube heat transfer model and a passive residual heat transfer model. One of the important models for the safety or performance calculation is the core heat transfer model. The core heat transfer model of TASS/SMR was developed to meet the requirements of the 10 CFR 50 appendix K EM model as well as the realistic models. The developed model was validated with experimental data. The results show that the model predicts the heat transfer phenomena in the reactor core with a reasonable conservatism.     

应用GOTHIC8.0程序模拟非能动安全壳冷却系统冷凝和蒸发现象的适用性研究

在非能动安全壳冷却系统（PCS）设计基准事故的排热过程中,安全壳内壁面蒸汽冷凝现象和安全壳外壁面水膜蒸发现象是两种非常关键的排热途径。本文应用GOTHIC8.0程序模拟了安全壳内壁面蒸汽冷凝和安全壳外壁面水膜蒸发传热过程,并通过蒸汽冷凝试验和水膜蒸发试验数据,对GOTHIC程序的模拟结果进行了分析和评价。研究结果表明：GOTHIC程序的蒸汽冷凝模型可较好地模拟蒸汽冷凝传热现象;水膜蒸发模型明显低估了水膜蒸发换热量,这对设计基准事故安全壳完整性分析是非常保守的,建议对GOTHIC程序进行适当开发,更好地模拟水膜蒸发换热过程。     

压力管式反应堆非能动余热排出系统方案研究

本文针对压力管式钍基先进核能系统(TANES)提出了一种非能动余热排出(PRHR)系统方案。该方案利用两个回路的自然循环，将事故工况下的堆芯余热排出到最终热阱。利用RETRAN02程序，以全厂断电事故为设计基准事故，对TANES非能动余热排出系统的余热排出能力进行了计算。计算表明，TANES的PRHR系统能够将余热导向最终热阱并且保持冷却剂回路和慢化剂回路的压力低于设计限值。另外对诸如设备间高度差等因素进行了敏感性分析。     

欠热条件下非能动余热排出热交换器传热试验数值模拟

针对大型先进压水堆非能动余热排出热交换器设计和安全分析计算模型存在的重要缺陷,以AP1000的非能动余热排出热交换器为原型,采用3根C型管进行了非能动余热排出热交换器传热试验。然后采用流体计算软件对欠热试验工况进行了数值模拟,通过多次计算得到了传热管外传热计算可采用的传热关系式,选取的传热模型下的计算结果与试验结果符合较好。利用传热模型验证了AP1000的设计工况,发现AP1000非能动余热排出热交换器的设计能带走堆芯余热。本文研究可为大型先进压水堆设计和安全分析提供技术支撑。     

非能动余热排出系统安全分析程序SAC-PREARS 的功能与应用

SAC-PREARS 是一个用于分析非能动RHRS稳态和瞬态安全特性的专用程序.通过实验验证的用于AC-600 非能动 RHRS安全分析的MISAP 程序,对SAC-PREARS程序进行了稳态计算验证.并应用SAC-PREARS程序对200 MW 核供热堆非能动RHRS稳态和瞬态热工水力特性进行了分析,得出了具有工程意义的结论.