12Cr超临界转子钢裂纹愈合研究

在研究超临界转子钢的内裂纹愈合过程中，用钻孔压缩法制备预制试样内裂纹，在一系列不同的加热温度下对裂纹进行修复，观察内裂纹的愈合情况，从而得出控制裂纹愈合的最佳温度范围。     

热处理工艺参数对结构钢内部裂纹愈合的影响

用钻孔压缩法在试样内部引入裂纹,然后对含内部裂纹的试样进行不同加热温度和不同保温时间的空冷处理,采用金相显微镜及扫描电镜观察分析裂纹愈合程度,研究了热处理工艺参数对20钢、45钢、20CrMnTi钢内部裂纹愈合的影响。结果表明：温度是影响裂纹愈合的主要因素,而加热时间的影响次之;裂纹愈合存在临界温度,此-临界温度应大于该材料的最低再结晶温度。     

二硅化钼发热元件的热弯研究

研究了烧结温度对MoSi2发热元件性能的影响,使用SEM观察了各种烧结温度试样的微观组织、氧化层厚度及高温弯曲试样的表面形貌,测定了各种温度烧结试样的氧化动力学曲线、电阻率及抗弯强度.结果表明,高温烧结的MoSi2可进行热态弯曲成形,表面没有发现裂纹,试样中的气孔已明显球化,氧化层厚度明显小于低温烧结试样的.高温烧结试样的电阻率较低,抗弯强度较高,烧损温度达到1 750℃.     

烧结温度对粉末冶金法制备Co-Cr-W合金性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法在真空条件下制备Co-CrW硬质合金,研究了不同烧结温度(1 250,1 300,1 350,1 400,1 450,1 500和1 550℃)90 min保温时间对合金的微观结构、硬度和抗弯强度的影响,分析其致密化行为变化规律。结果表明,烧结温度在1 250~1 450℃范围内,随着温度的升高,材料的孔隙不断减少并球化,材料的密度、硬度和抗弯强度不断增加,在1 450℃密度达到最大值(8.75g/cm3),硬度和抗弯强度同时达到最佳状态,分别为63.1HRC和382 MPa。当烧结温度超过1 450℃时晶粒粗化,出现过烧现象,材料的性能开始下降。当烧结温度达到1 550℃时合金试样发生严重变形。     

高温扩散退火处理对FGH96粉末高温合金PPB的影响

研究了亚固相线温度扩散退火处理对FGH96粉末高温合金原始颗粒边界(PPB)的影响,结果表明,试验用热等静压(HIP)态FGH96试样中所存在的PPB主要由富Ti和Nb的MC型碳化物以及少量的氧化物组成.试样经1230℃×8h/AC扩散退火处理后并不能完全消除PPB,但部分碳化物溶解,PPB从连续网膜转变成离散的颗粒状,显微组织中PPB明显减轻.试样经HIP+1150℃×30min/WC处理后在PPB较严重的区域出现裂纹,主要沿PPB扩展;退火态试样经1230℃×30min/WC处理后裂纹相对较细,其主要沿晶界扩展.     

Yb2O3 掺杂氮化硅复合材料的高温动态疲劳行为

研究了N2 气氛加压烧结制备的6 wt %Yb₂O₃ 和2 wt %Al₂O₃ 掺杂氮化硅复合材料在高温下的动态疲劳行为。用维氏压痕法在试样上获得规范的预制裂纹。分别在1000 ℃、1200 ℃、1300 ℃、1400 ℃下, 以1 、0. 5 、0. 1 、0. 01 mm/ min 的不同压头速率对试样进行四点弯曲试验。不同温度下疲劳应力2加载速率函数曲线的对比表明, 这种材料在1200 ℃时, 对亚临界裂纹生长具有最高的抵抗力(即具有最大的亚临界裂纹生长指数N) 。XRD、TEM 分析表面晶界相的晶化、裂纹愈合可以提高亚临界裂纹生长指数。EDS 分析表明, 1200 ℃下氮化硅陶瓷断裂面的氧化有助于晶界相的晶化, 但是在更高的温度下, 则会产生不利影响。      

热退火对银/铬薄膜界面结构的影响

利用卢瑟福背散射分析和X射线衍射技术，研究了热退火对采用气相沉积方法在AlN基体上制备的Cr／Ag薄膜的界面结构的影响，样品的退火温度范围为200～650℃。实验结果表明：当退火温度达到350℃时，Cr／Ag界面开始互扩散；当退火温度超过550℃，大量铬原子通过银层向试样表面扩散。     

30CrMnSiNi2A钢冷裂纹敏感性研究

对退火状态超高强钢30CrMnSiNi2A进行了大量的插销试验,结果表明:不同缺口位置的插销试样均断裂于熔合区,熔合区是对冷裂纹最敏感的区域;250℃以上预热能明显改善冷裂纹敏感性;同时发现采用光滑插销试样评估超高强钢抗冷裂纹能力是可行的。     

基于不同原始组织预设变形第四代单晶高温合金的再结晶行为

第四代单晶高温合金标准热处理试样和铸态试样压痕后分别在1100,1150,1200,1250,1300℃和1340℃退火处理,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子背散射仪研究不同条件的再结晶组织。结果表明:1100,1150,1200℃退火处理后,标准热处理试样和铸态试样都出现胞状再结晶。1250℃退火处理后,标准热处理试样和铸态试样都为混合再结晶。1300℃退火处理后,标准热处理试样再结晶组织全部为等轴再结晶,而铸态试样仍为混合再结晶。1340℃退火处理后,标准热处理试样和铸态试样都形成了等轴再结晶。随着退火温度升高,标准热处理试样和铸态试样的再结晶层深度明显增加,标准热处理试样再结晶深度明显大于铸态试样,相同条件下标准热处理试样的再结晶晶粒更容易长大。再结晶与基体的界面为小角度晶界、大角度晶界,而再结晶晶粒之间为小角度晶界、大角度晶界和孪晶界。孪晶在单晶高温合金再结晶的过程中发挥了重要作用。     

热退火对银／铬薄膜界面结构的影响

利用卢瑟福背散射分析和Ｘ射线衍射技术，研究了热退火对采用气相沉积方法在ＡｌＮ基体上制备的Ｃｒ／Ａｇ薄膜的界面结构的影响，样品的退火温度范围为２００－６５０℃，实验结果表明：当退火温度达到３５０℃时，Ｃｒ／Ａｇ界面开始互扩散，当退火温度超过５５０℃，大量铬原子通过银层向试样表面扩散。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from