降低煤基均聚聚丙烯1102K灰分的措施

针对神宁煤基均聚聚丙烯1102K灰分偏高问题,论述了通过改变催化剂配制方法、加装丙烯精制系统来提高丙烯质量,降低三乙基铝的用量并使催化剂活性充分释放,使用硬脂酸钙替代DHT-4A作卤素吸收剂等措施,最终实现产品灰分的降低。     

硬脂酸盐对山梨醇类成核剂增透聚丙烯性能的影响

为改善山梨醇类成核剂在使用过程中分散性差、增透效率有限等缺点，将六种硬脂酸盐（锂、钠、钾、钙、锌、铝）作为润滑剂与山梨醇类成核剂复配协同改性聚丙烯（PP）。通过万能试验机、冲击试验机、熔体流动速率仪和雾度仪等设备对试样的光学性能、力学性能和流动性能进行表征。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、偏光显微镜（POM）对改性PP的球晶形态和结晶形貌进行表征。结果表明：与硬脂酸锂、硬脂酸钠和硬脂酸钾相比，硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸铝对PP的增透效果更好。硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸铝在低含量下（≤0.03%）,PP的光学性能、力学性能和流动性得到明显改善。硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸铝的加入可以提升山梨醇类成核剂在PP基体中的分散性，从而提高PP的综合性能。     

卤素吸收剂对苯甲酸钠成核PP的影响

研究了2种卤素吸收剂对苯甲酸钠成核作用的影响。硬脂酸钙(CaSt)和合成水滑石DHT-4A均使苯甲酸钠在聚丙烯(PP)中的成核作用降低,但CaSt使成核PP性能下降更为明显,添加质量分数为0．05%的CaSt使PP的屈服拉伸强度、弯曲模量和结晶温度分别下降5．3％,11％和5．3℃。而在同样添加量时,DHT-4A对苯甲酸钠成核PP性能的影响不明显。因此,用苯甲酸钠作成核剂时,卤素吸收剂应选用DHT-4A,可以提高成核PP的综合性能。     

无规共聚聚丙烯注塑专用树脂的结构与性能

为了提高无规共聚聚丙烯的加工性能,在实际生产过程中需要添加分散剂、抗氧剂和卤素吸收剂等加工助剂。文章设计四因素三水平的正交试验,考察了抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂168,硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌等助剂对无规共聚聚丙烯的氧化诱导期的影响;基于助剂的最佳加入量制备无规共聚透明专用料PPR,并将无规共聚透明专用料PPR与市售通用料PPR-1产品的结构与性能进行对比分析。结果表明：两种产品的结晶中主要晶型均为α晶型,均含有少量的聚乙烯晶体,分子量分布相差不大,PPR的数均分子量和重均分子量相对偏小。两种产品所用助剂种类不同,结晶温度和熔点相近,PPR的结晶度低于PPR-1。     

甲酸吸收剂对聚甲醛热稳定性能的影响

通过双螺杆挤出机将硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸锌、氧化镁、氧化锌和甲酸吸收剂H分别加入到聚甲醛(POM)中,研究了这6种甲酸吸收剂对POM黄色指数、热失重5%的时间、表面甲醛与不稳定端基含量和力学性能的影响。结果表明,选用的6种甲酸吸收剂中只有甲酸吸收剂H和氧化锌对POM的白度没有影响;甲酸吸收剂H、氧化锌和硬脂酸镁均可有效提高POM的热稳定性能,其中甲酸吸收剂H的吸收甲醛效果最好,其可通过吸收大量甲醛避免其转化为甲酸来中断POM的酸解反应,从而使添加质量分数为0.1%的甲酸吸收剂H的POM热稳定性能最好,其热失重5%的时间由未添加甲酸吸收剂的39.1 min提高到45.2 min,表面甲醛质量分数和不稳定端基含量分别从1.446%和1870μg/g降低到1.021%和1280μg/g,且力学性能保持不变。     

PPR预混剂的开发及影响因素分析

记录了无规共聚聚丙烯(PPR)助剂开发过程出现的问题,分析影响PPR悬臂梁冲击强度及灰分的主要因素,乙烯含量及助剂B添加量影响PPR产品的悬臂梁冲击强度,助剂B及硬脂酸钙影响产品的灰分含量,并提出新配方。     

影响溴化丁基橡胶灰分含量因素分析

灰分是橡胶的一个重要评价指标。通过对溴化丁基橡胶灰分剖析,溴化丁基橡胶灰分中主要含有钙、铝、溴、碳、氧等。通过对溴化丁基橡胶工艺的了解和分析,得出溴化丁基中助剂硬脂酸钙、溴和丁基聚合过程中的催化剂二氯乙基铝的残留物是溴化丁基橡胶灰分含量偏高的主要原因。因此,要控制溴化丁基橡胶灰分含量,应该从助剂硬脂酸钙、溴含量和丁基聚合后胶液洗涤的工艺条件着手。     

降低PP粉料灰分的措施

分析了影响聚丙烯(PP)粉料灰分的主要因素,利用PP灰分理论值公式计算出确保产品灰分含量合格的最低单釜产量。实践证明,利用此公式计算出的灰分理论值与实测值基本相符,对生产中降低PP粉料灰分,预防产品灰分超标引起的质量事故有指导意义。通过提高丙烯质量、降低催化剂加料量、提高单釜产量等,降低了灰分,灰分均值稳定在210mg/kg左右,为拓宽产品应用领域奠定了基础。     

高光泽度聚丙烯的研究

研究了成核剂、硫酸钡和偶联剂对聚丙烯(PP)性能的影响。采用正交试验,考察了润滑剂、降解剂、光亮剂和抗氧剂对PP光泽度的协同作用。结果表明:PP、硫酸钡、成核剂NX8000K、偶联剂、硬脂酸钙、降解剂、光亮剂、抗氧剂加入量分别为80.00,20.00,0.30,4.00,1.00,0.05,3.00,0.30份时,PP光泽度为最佳值(102°),达到了高光泽度的要求。     

吸酸剂对MTP均聚聚丙烯产品的影响

将煤基均聚聚丙烯基础树脂添加不同吸酸剂后,使用双螺杆挤出粒状样品,通过考察粒料样品的压力升值、灰分、拉伸性能、黄色指数、氧化诱导期等技术指标,研究了不同吸酸剂对煤基聚丙烯的影响。结果表明,使用硬脂酸钙作为吸酸剂,可以降低聚丙烯产品的灰分、黄色指数和压力升值,提高该产品的拉伸断裂强度,比水滑石作为吸酸剂更适用于拉丝级聚丙烯牌号产品的生产。     

粉煤灰基轻质多孔陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用XRF、XRD、SEM等测试手段,研究了山西朔州粉煤灰的物理性能、化学成份、显微结构与组成.以粉煤灰为原料,采用正交实验,研究了粉煤灰、陶瓷抛光废渣、废熔块、烧滑石等含量对轻质多孔陶瓷性能的影响.研究表明:SiC含量对粉煤灰基轻质多孔陶瓷性能影响最大,熔剂废熔块含量次之.确定了最优配方,制得密度0.51 g/cm3,导热系数0.082 W/(m·K)的轻质发泡陶瓷.     

Characterization of spinel and hydrated spinel-filled ABS: Antioxidant effect and strength properties

Differential thermal analyses (DTA) were conducted on spinel-filled and hydrated spinel-filled acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) terpolymer. Spinel and hydrated spinel displayed antioxidizing properties in the ABS composite. The enthalpies of oxidation for ABS, spinel-filled ABS, and hydrated spinel-filled ABS were 130, 15, and 0 J/g, respectively. Mechanical property measurements show that hydrated spinel reinforcing properties equal that of precipitated calcium carbonate treated with zinc stearate. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effect of addition of talc on the sintering characteristics of fly ash based ceramic tiles

The sintering characteristics of fly ash–talc mixtures having 0–100% talc (w/w) in the presence of 10% (w/w) sodium hexa meta phosphate (SHMP) have been studied. In the fly ash rich mixtures, the presence of needle shaped mullite and rhombohedral aluminum phosphate phases is responsible for providing impact strength to sintered tile bodies. On gradual addition of talc, the decrease in the concentration of sillimanite and increase in the concentration of sodium magnesium phosphate crystals is responsible for the observed improvement in the impact strength of tiles. With increase in talc content, initially the % water absorption decreases to reach a minimum for a fly ash–talc mix containing 60% (w/w talc) where after it again starts increasing. The apparent density of the tile samples increases with increasing talc content in the raw mix due to densification as well as higher density of talc as compared to fly ash.     

POE发泡材料性能研究

对乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)发泡体系的活化剂氧化锌、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸用量,交联剂过氧化二异丙苯用量,发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺用量、填充剂滑石粉用量进行了研究,得出了各配合剂的最佳用量。经研究发现,在POE发泡材料中,当ZnO用量为2份、ZnSt用量为1.2份、St用量为0.5份、DCP用量为1份、滑石粉用量为15~20份时,材料的综合性能最好,发泡剂AC的用量应根据不同产品的要求进行调整。     

流化床垃圾焚烧炉飞灰沉积实验

在自行搭建的小型流化床积灰试验台上选用流化床垃圾焚烧炉对流管束浮灰,模拟焚烧炉烟气环境下开展飞灰沉积实验。首先分析浮灰理化特性,结果表明：随着粒径增大,浮灰中CaO和SO₃含量逐渐降低,而SiO₂和Al₂O₃的含量逐渐增加;碱金属Na和K以及卤素Cl的含量在粒径较小的浮灰中含量最高。其次重点研究了浮灰粒径、烟气温度和换热管表面温度对飞灰沉积特性的影响规律,结果表明：积灰中主要富含Ca、S、Si和Al等元素,积灰中CaO和SO₃含量比浮灰高,而Al₂O₃和SiO₂含量比浮灰低;积灰量随着烟气温度升高而增加;粒径对灰沉积影响作用显著,大粒径灰颗粒难沉积而小粒径灰粒易沉积;管壁温度在600℃时,积灰量最小。积灰中CaO和SO₃的含量随着管壁温度升高而减少,而难熔Al₂O₃和SiO₂的含量随着管壁温度升高而增加。     

MDPE/滑石粉/EOC复合材料力学性能的研究

以乙烯辛烯共聚物(EOC)和偶联剂改性的滑石粉(Talc)共混改性中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)制备复合材料,研究了Talc的表面处理工艺、粒径和添加量,以及EOC用量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂对Talc的湿法表面处理较好,3000目滑石粉含量为5%,EOC加入量为2%时,复合材料的综合性能较好。     

多元复合高流动性聚丙烯的制备与性能

研究了滑石粉(Talc)及偶联剂用量、均聚聚丙烯(PP-H)与马来酸酐接枝物(PP-g-MAH)及PP-H对高流动性共聚聚丙烯(PP)性能的影响;比较了在填充20%Talc的共聚PP中分别添加PP-g-MAH和PP-H的复合体系力学性能及流变性能的变化规律。结果表明:钛酸酯偶联剂用量为1%(相对于Talc)时,所得Talc填充共聚PP综合性能最佳;当Talc用量大于10%时,共聚PP/Talc复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度、熔体流动速率随Talc含量的增加而逐渐下降,弯曲模量则逐渐提高;PP-g-MAH对高流动性共聚PP的拉伸强度增强效果明显优于PP-H,PP-H则使共聚PP的熔体流动性明显下降。     

The characteristics of inorganic elements in ashes from a 1 MW CFB biomass gasification power generation plant

This paper investigated the characteristics of inorganic elements in ashes from biomass gasification power generation (BGPG) plant. The ash samples of the gasifier ash, separator ash and wet scrubber ash were collected in a 1 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) wood gasification power generation plant. Particle size distribution of ashes was determined by gravimetric measurement and super probe analyzer. The concentrations of trace elements and major ash-forming elements, such as As, Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, K, Mg, Na, Ni, Pb, Ti in different ashes as a function of particle size were determined by Inductive Coupled Plasma Spectrometer. The concentrations and distribution coefficient and enrichment factors of the inorganic elements in ashes were studied. X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and X-ray powder diffraction were used to provide information on the characteristics of the ashes. The results showed that most of the trace elements had an enrichment tendency in the finer size particles. A considerable amount of the ashes was residual carbon. Most of the volatile e.g. halogen elements and alkali elements existed mainly in wet scrubber ash and enriched in fly ash. Most of the Si, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd were found in separator ash, indicating an enrichment of heavy metal elements in separator ash. K, S, Mn, Cu mainly existed in gasifier ash.     

Dielectric properties of styrene — butadiene rubber/silica mixtures

Rice husk ash (RHA) obtained from rice mill and hydrated silica from RHA were used as a filler in vulcanized SBR 1502 and the dielectric properties were measured at a frequency of 1592 Hz at room temperature. The optimum hydrated silica content giving a good dielectric constant and conductivity was 125 parts/100 parts rubber and the dielectric loss was also high so that it could be a good insulater. There was no significant change in dielectric constant, dielectric loss and conductivity of SBR 1502 filled with RHA which could be used as high frequency dielectric due to low dielectric loss.