聚乙烯醇与壳聚糖共混膜的研制与应用

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)和壳聚糖(CS)共混研制成渗透汽化(PVAP)复合膜,对乙醇水混合物具有较好的分离效果,膜的机械性能、耐水性等比纯聚乙烯醇膜有较大提高。用扫描电镜测定了膜的结构,讨论了共混配比、交联温度等成膜条件对膜性能的影响。     

聚L-乳酸/菜籽蛋白共混纳米纤维毡的制备与表征

以聚L-乳酸、菜籽蛋白为原料,高压静电纺丝制备聚L-乳酸(PLLA)/菜籽蛋白共混复合纳米纤维毡,考察了不同电压、极距和三氟乙酸添加量对纳米纤维形态及直径的影响,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)对相关产物进行结构表征。结果表明:复合纤维中PLLA与菜籽蛋白之间以氢键结合,PLLA的结晶性能降低;PLLA纺丝溶液中,菜籽蛋白的三氟乙酸溶液的适量引入可显著提高纺丝速率。在PLLA质量浓度为24%的氯仿溶液中,6.5%菜籽蛋白的三氟乙酸溶液加入量为0.25 mL,电压16 kV,极距10 cm的条件下,可快速制备平均直径622 nm的PLLA/菜籽蛋白复合纳米纤维毡,纺丝速率达到5.2 mg/min。     

聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖复合电纺纤维膜的制备及表征

利用静电纺丝法制备了聚乙烯醇PVA/壳聚糖CS纳米纤维复合膜,并采用戊二醛蒸气对其交联处理。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察探讨了不同质量配比、助纺剂的添加以及电纺环境条件对复合纤维膜纤维直径及表面形貌的影响。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对PVA/CS复合纳米纤维膜做了特征官能团分析,并对其热力学性能及其耐水性进行了表征。结果表明滴加7%(V/V)二甲基亚砜、0.5%(V/V)丙三醇、0.5%(V/V)吐温80的3%(V/V)的乙酸为溶剂,PVA和CS质量配比为90/10,环境湿度0±15%电纺条件下制备的复合纤维形态均一,无珠串无液滴;FTIR研究显示,复合纤维的两种组分发生一定的相互作用,成功制备了戊二醛交联PVA/CS纳米纤维膜;热重(TG)、差热(DSC)结果都进一步说明CS和PVA之间形成氢键,戊二醛交联后复合纤维的热稳定性进一步增强。交联前后纤维膜的耐水性结果表明交联后的共混纤维膜有良好的抗溶解性,在水中可以很好的保持纤维的结构。     

羊毛粉/聚乙烯醇共混纤维的研究

采用添加还原剂、助溶剂、超声波振荡处理羊毛,制得直径小于2μm的羊毛粉,与聚乙烯醇共混进行湿法纺丝,制备羊毛粉/聚乙烯醇共混纤维,对共混纤维进行形态结构与性能研究。结果表明:羊毛粉/聚乙烯醇共混纤维截面趋于图形,无皮芯层,微孔结构致密;共混纤维的热性能较好,在234℃不分解;共混纤维强度约1.0 cN/dtex,随着羊毛粉含量增加,羊毛粉/聚乙烯醇共混纤维的强度和断裂伸长率下降,但回潮率增加。     

壳聚糖改性膜材料的研究(Ⅰ)——壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇共混

探讨以天然高分子壳聚糖（Cs)为原料，与聚乙烯醇进行溶液共混而对其进行增韧改性，通过对共混膜的DSC、TG以及力学性能分析，结果表明在该共混膜中，壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇两者间有很好的相容性，其热稳定性及拉伸强度有所下降，但韧性得到了明显的改善。     

左氧氟沙星/壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜的制备与抑菌性能研究

为左氧氟沙星(LEV)设计一种药物递送系统,以探究一种治疗胃溃疡的潜在方法。采用静电纺丝技术制备了搭载LEV的LEV/壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇(LEV/CS/PVA)纳米纤维膜。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、接触角测试、药物释放测试、抑菌试验等方法对所制备的纳米纤维膜的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明,所制备的纳米纤维膜具有良好的纳米纤维结构、亲水性和释放效果,LEV可以均匀地分散在纳米纤维中。通过MTT法评估了所制备的纳米纤维膜的体外细胞毒性,证明了其良好的细胞相容性。对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和幽门螺旋杆菌的抑菌活性试验结果表明,搭载LEV的纳米纤维膜具有广谱的、长期的抑菌效果。因此开发的纳米纤维膜具有治疗胃溃疡的潜力。     

对壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜在织物化学镀中的应用探讨

壳聚糖属于天然高分子,其与聚乙烯醇混合后发生一系列化学反应能够促使两者融合;而两者在强烈的氢键作用下形成网络结构的二元共混膜。利用傅里叶红外光谱表征以及薄膜拉伸强力测试对比分析了共混膜的结构以及性能;利用壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇预制共混液于涤纶织物的表层,并对其进行化学镀镍研究;通过扫描电子显微镜、热重分析等检测其综合性能。实验表明,经壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混液处理后的涤纶织物,其镀层表面均匀细密、具备优良导电性、能与织物紧密结合。     

再生丝素蛋白/聚乙烯醇共混纳米纤维的静电纺丝研究

以静电纺丝方法制备再生丝素蛋白/聚乙烯醇共混纳米纤维。研究了共混配比、溶液浓度、添加剂含量及电纺电压、喷丝距离等因素对纤维成形及纤维有关性能的影响。研究表明:与聚乙烯醇共混后再生丝素纤维的柔韧性有一定改善,适当增加PVA在共混物中的含量、提高纺丝液浓度以及纺丝电压有利于改善共混溶液的可纺性。另外,加入丙三醇虽可使纤维直径的均匀性有所提高,但却不利于纤维成形。     

大豆蛋白/聚乙烯醇共混材料的制备及性能的研究

在丙三醇增塑下,将大豆分离蛋白(SPI)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)通过溶液法共混,经模压成型制备SPI/PVA共混材料,采用差示扫描量热仪、热失重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜等研究了其性能。结果表明,当PVA含量较低时,SPI/PVA是具有较好相容性能的共混聚合物。随着PVA含量的增加,SPI/PVA共混物在130℃附近出现第2个Tg,且逐渐向高温方向移动,PVA的共混大大增加了SPI的热稳定性能;当PVA含量为30份(质量份,下同)时,其拉伸强度比纯SPI提高了237%;加入PVA对SPI/PVA共混材料的吸水性也有明显改善,其24h吸水率从85.5%下降到54%。     

PVA与壳聚糖共混膜的制备及性能研究

用溶液共混法制备PVA与壳聚糖共混膜,用红外光谱法对共混膜进行了表征,并对膜的吸水率、透光率和力学性能进行测试。结果表明,共混膜中PVA分子链与壳聚糖分子链有一定的相互作用,壳聚糖的引入有利于改善PVA的透光性和降低其吸水率。     

Studies of chitosan. I. Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend films

Various blending ratios of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) blend films were prepared by solution blend method in this study. The thermal properties and chemical structure characterization of the CS/PVA blend films were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Based upon the observation on the DSC thermal analysis, the melting point of PVA is decreased when the amount of CS in the blend film is increased. The FTIR absorption characteristic is changed when the amount of CS in the blend film is varied. Results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicate that the intensity of diffraction peak at 19° of PVA becomes lower and broader with increasing the amount of CS in the CS/PVA blend film. This trend illustrates that the existence of CS decreases the crystallinity of PVA. Although both PVA and CS are hydrophilic biodegradable polymers, the results of water contact angle measurement are still shown as high as 68° and 83° for PVA and for CS films, respectively. A minimum water contact angle (56°) was observed when the blend film contains 50 wt % CS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

聚乙烯醇/淀粉共混材料研究进展

综述了近年来聚乙烯醇/淀粉共混材料的研究进展,主要介绍此类生物可降解性环境友好材料的制备方法,包括溶液流延法、挤出法以及模压法,以及增塑剂、交联剂、淀粉改性、纳米改性等对共混材料性能的影响,并对此类新材料的应用前景和发展方向进行了展望。     

Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl borate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVB/PVA) blend nanofibers

In this study, it was aimed to prepare polyvinyl borate/polyvinyl alcohol blend nanofibers by electrospinning process. Polyvinyl borate was synthesized by the condensation reaction of polyvinyl alcohol and boric acid. Polyvinyl borate itself was not suitable for electrospinning process. To improve fiber formation capability, polyvinyl borate was blended with polyvinyl alcohol before electrospinning process. A series of nanofibers with various polyvinyl borate concentrations in polyvinyl alcohol were prepared. Homogeneous and highly porous mat containing 100–250 nm diameter nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning process. According to the FTIR results, boron atoms were found to be integrated into the polymer network. There is not any significant effect of polyvinyl borate content on fiber morphologies according to SEM images. The blend composition with the highest polyvinyl borate content was found to be suitable for thermally stable nanofiber formation according to the TGA results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend fibers

Chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) blend fibers were prepared by spinning their solution through a viscose‐type spinneret at 25°C into a coagulating bath containing aqueous NaOH and ethanol. The influence of coagulation solution composition on the spinning performance was discussed, and the intermolecular interactions of blend fibers were studied by infrared analysis (IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and by measurements of mechanical properties and water‐retention properties. The results demonstrated that the water‐retention properties and mechanical properties of the blend fibers increase due to the presence of PVA in the chitosan substract, and the mechanical strength of the blends is also related to PVA content and the degree of deacetylation of chitosan. The best mechanical strength values of the blend fibers, 1.82 cN/d (dry state) and 0.81 cN/d (wet state), were obtained when PVA content was 20 wt % and the degree of deacetylation of chitosan was 90.2%. The strength of the blend fibers, especially wet tenacity could be improved further by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The water‐retention values (WRV) of the blend fibers were between 170 and 241%, obviously higher than pure chitosan fiber (120%). The structure analysis indicated that there are strong interaction and good miscibility between chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) molecular resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonds. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2558–2565, 2001     

聚丙烯腈/聚乙烯醇/石蜡储能纤维的制备及表征

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混作为纤维材料,石蜡为相变材料,通过湿法复合纺丝制得相变储能纤维;采用红外光谱(IR)、广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征了纤维的结构以及相变储能性能;分析了纤维的力学性能及相变潜热与纤维中聚乙烯醇含量之间的关系。结果表明:PVA的加入对储能纤维的断裂伸长率和断裂强度影响不大;随着PVA含量的增加,纤维的初生模量由49.1cN/dtex提高到100.5cN/dtex,热焓呈现先增加后减小的趋势,储能纤维中各组分化学结构基本稳定,在水中软化点由93℃增加到110℃。     

Preparation of a modified crosslinked chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol blended affinity membrane for purification of His-tagged protein

Based on a crosslinked chitosan (CS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix membrane, an immobilized metal ion affinity membrane (IMAM) using Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions as affinity ligands was prepared for purification of the His-tagged recombinant protein. The affinity membrane possessed a favorable membrane structure including 1.39 μm average pore size and 0.33 mL·cm⁻²·s⁻¹ water flux under 0.08 MPa pressure at 25 °C. The Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions capacities immobilized on the IMAM were 155.6 and 137.3 μmol·disk⁻¹, respectively. The IMAM had an excellent specific affinity to His-tagged protein. About 10-fold purification factor for the model protein was obtained in a batch adsorption, and serine hydroxymethyl transferase could be purified to a single band in sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis from its crude extract solution with an affinity membrane cartridge by a dynamic purification process. This work provides a promising IMAM for the purification of His-tagged recombinant proteins. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47347.     

高强度耐溶胀仿软骨PVA/CS复合水凝胶的合成及性能

利用冻融循环并浸泡柠檬酸钠的方法,制备了聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖（PVA/CS）复合水凝胶。通过FTIR、XRD,DSC和SEM 表征了其结构和形貌,并测试了其机械性能。结果表明：PVA单网络水凝胶网孔尺寸在1.5~8.2 μm之间,自由水含量为76.2%,有效交联密度为0.0288 mol/L,抗拉和抗压强度仅为0.2 MPa和1.4 MPa。而复合水凝胶由于氢键与离子键的协同交联作用,其网孔尺寸和自由水含量分别降低至1.5 μm和1.45%,有效交联密度提高至0.421 mol/L,抗拉和抗压强度分别为9.3 MPa和16.6 MPa。同时,该水凝胶还具有优异的抗疲劳与耐溶胀特性,连续压缩10次以后水凝胶的抗压强度和韧性分别为初始值的88.1%和84.3%,在去离子水中溶胀平衡后的抗拉强度高达4.3 MPa。     

水性聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇复合材料的制备与性能

将水性聚氨酯（WBPU）乳液与聚乙烯醇（PVA）溶液共混制备了WBPU/PVA复合材料。通过FTIR、透光率、AFM、拉伸测试、吸水率、TG等表征方法研究了材料的相容性以及PVA含量对复合材料的力学性能、耐水性和热性能的影响。实验结果表明,WBPU与PVA间存在分子间氢键作用;当PVA含量为80%时,两组分具有相对较高的相容性,且此时复合材料具有最大的拉伸强度61.9 MPa,相对于WBPU（24.9 MPa）和PVA（44.7 MPa）分别提高了149%和38%;随着PVA含量的增加,复合材料的断裂伸长率和耐水性呈现降低的趋势。