碳纳米管镀铜薄膜的抗菌性研究

本文用离子束辅助沉积（mAD）方法在碳纳米管薄膜表面制备铜薄膜。用琼脂平板法测试了抗菌率，测试菌种为革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌（E．coil）和革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌（S．aureus）；用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观测了镀铜碳纳米管薄膜的微观形貌；用能量散射X射线谱（EDX）分析了镀铜碳纳米管薄膜表面元素的原子百分比；用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析了镀铜碳纳米管薄膜的表面元素的价态。研究结果表明，镀铜膜碳纳米管薄膜具有优良的抗菌性能，且比在热解碳上镀铜膜样品的抗菌性强。     

壳聚糖修饰银纳米颗粒的制备及抗菌性能研究

采用液相化学还原法,以壳聚糖为修饰剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂,制备了壳聚糖修饰银纳米颗粒(chitosan-Ag NPs)。通过X射线粉末衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪等对所制备样品的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,所制备纳米颗粒具有面心立方Ag的晶型结构,壳聚糖通过氨基和羟基中的N、O原子与Ag+的化学键合作用修饰在纳米颗粒表面,起到了限制颗粒粒径长大和防止其团聚的作用。采用肉汤连续稀释法检测了样品对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌杀菌性能,结果表明chitosan-Ag NPs具有优异的抗菌性,抗菌性能受到粒径大小的影响。     

用电沉积法制备纳米氧化锌/海藻酸钠复合膜

以海藻酸钠为稳定剂用水热法合成纳米氧化锌,再用电沉积法制备了纳米氧化锌/海藻酸钠复合膜。测试纳米氧化锌的粒径和化学结构、观察了复合膜的形貌并测试其性能。结果表明,纳米氧化锌/海藻酸钠复合膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抗菌性能,对亚甲基蓝染料有良好的光催化降解效应。     

载银纳米纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备及性能研究

目的制备一种具有良好力学性能和抑菌性能的新型抗菌聚乙烯醇复合膜。方法通过酸水解微晶纤维素制备纳米纤维素,经高碘酸钠氧化获得醛基纳米纤维素,加入银氨溶液原位合成载银纳米纤维素(Ag-DCNC)。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜基底,加入Ag-DCNC共混流延制备载银纳米纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合膜。结果 Ag-DCNC体积分数为3%时,复合膜的拉伸强度比纯PVA膜提高了8.8%。Ag-DCNC体积分数为5%的复合膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较好的抑菌效果。结论载银纳米纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合膜具有较好的力学强度,对2种细菌均有良好的杀菌效果。该材料不但具有良好的性能,而且合成工艺简单,可以作为一种很有前途的抑菌膜用于包装行业。     

TiO2/壳聚糖纳米复合涂料制备及其在抗菌纸中的应用

以纳米TiO2、壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐为抗菌剂,加以胶黏剂羧基丁苯胶乳、分散剂六偏磷酸钠、消泡剂叔丁醇,制备了TiO2/壳聚糖纳米复合涂料,利用SEM、FT-IR对涂料的微观形貌和基本结构进行了表征。以表面涂布方式将TiO2/壳聚糖纳米复合涂料施涂于纸张表面,制得涂布抗菌纸,对涂布抗菌纸的微观结构及抗菌性能进行了研究。结果表明,经TiO2/壳聚糖纳米复合涂料涂布后,纸张具备较强的抗菌性能;而且,实验发现,随着涂料体系中壳聚糖组分的不断增加,涂布纸的抗菌性能逐渐提高。当纳米TiO2/壳聚糖的加入比例为1∶1时,双层涂布后的纸张对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率分别达到86.55%和92.19%。     

静电纺β-环糊精/石墨烯载银抗菌纤维膜的制备与表征

采用"一锅法"将纳米银颗粒负载到氧化石墨烯片上。利用静电纺丝和原位热交联方法制备了具有抗菌功能的β-环糊精/氧化石墨烯载银复合纳米纤维膜。采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱、傅里叶红外光谱、热分析及抑菌圈法对纤维膜进行了形貌、结构表征及抗菌性能测试。结果表明:热交联反应不影响β-环糊精的环状结构;添加AGCN的纳米纤维膜表面粗糙,AGCN表面的基团不参与纤维膜的热交联反应;添加AGCN的纤维膜具有良好的抗菌性能,当AGCN含量增加时,纤维膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能提高。     

载Ag/Cu纳米粒子多孔聚丙烯腈复合纤维膜的制备及其抑菌性

金属纳米粒子因其独特的物理化学性能,在催化、抑菌、水污染处理和生物医学等领域表现出巨大的应用前景。但是金属纳米粒子在制备和使用过程中容易发生团聚而影响其性能。因此,提高金属纳米粒子的稳定性,对提升其应用性能具有重大意义。本文在以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为基体,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为致孔剂,基于静电纺丝技术制得多孔聚丙烯腈纳米纤维(PPAN NFs)的基础上,通过浸渍沉积法分别制备出负载银纳米粒子(Ag NPs)复合纳米纤维(Ag-PPAN NFs)和负载铜纳米粒子(Cu NPs)复合纳米纤维(Cu-PPAN NFs)。在利用FESEM、EDS、XRD等方法对制备纤维膜的形貌和结构进行表征的基础上,通过抑菌圈法和FESEM观察经复合纳米纤维处理前后的细菌形貌来研究Ag-PPAN NFs和Cu-PPAN NFs对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌的抑菌性能。研究结果发现：PPAN NFs可有效解决Ag NPs和Cu NPs在制备和使用过程中易于聚集的问题,制得的复合纳米纤维对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌具有一定的抗菌活性,可成为一种新型的抗菌纤维材料。     

银负载细菌纤维素纳米复合材料的制备及抗菌性能研究

利用细菌纤维素超精细网络结构和高持水率的特点,在细菌纤维素上通过硼氢化钠(NaBH4)还原硝酸银中的Ag+原位生成纳米银颗粒,并对其微观结构等进行表征,同时对银负载细菌纤维素纳米复合膜的抗菌性能和生物相容性进行研究。XRD结果表明纳米银颗粒具有较完善的结晶结构,且银晶体为面心立方结构;XRF检测表明复合材料中含有Ag元素;由UV-Vis可知Ag/BC纳米复合材料在424nm处出现了Ag的吸收峰;从SEM图可看出随着硝酸银浓度的增大,细菌纤维素微纤表面负载的银颗粒增多,粒径大约为50～80nm。抗菌实验结果说明Ag/BC纳米复合材料具有很强的抗菌性能,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最大抑菌率分别达到99.4%和98.4%。细胞相容性实验表明,Ag/BC纳米复合材料还具有良好的细胞相容性。因此将其用于抗菌伤口敷料会有广阔的应用前景。     

天然纤维素/聚丙烯腈抗菌纳米纤维的制备与表征

为了拓展天然纤维素材料的应用,在综合国内外对天然纤维素材料、纳米材料和抗菌材料相关研究的基础上,首先,利用LiCl/二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)溶剂体系配置了不同共混比例的天然纤维素/聚丙烯腈纺丝液,采用静电纺丝技术制备了纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维。然后,用铜氨溶液对纳米纤维进行了抗菌处理,制备了具有一定抗菌功能的纤维集合体。最后,采用SEM观察不同共混比例下纳米纤维的微观形貌;采用TG和DSC表征其热性能;采用FTIR和表面接触角测量仪表征共混后纳米纤维的化学组成和亲水性的变化;采用振荡法测定纳米纤维的抗菌性能。结果表明:通过静电纺丝技术可制得直径在200~400nm范围内的纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维。随着纤维素含量的提高,纳米纤维的表面越来越粗糙,粘连愈加严重,且直径离散度也变大。当纤维素与聚丙烯腈的共混质量比大于75∶25时,纤维的直径标准偏差由纯聚丙烯腈纤维的100nm以下变为150nm以上。纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维具有良好的热性能,与纯纤维素纳米纤维相比热稳定性有一定提高,当纤维素与聚丙烯腈的共混质量比为25∶75时热稳定性最好。纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的亲水性优于普通医用纱布的。经过铜氨溶液抗菌处理的纳米纤维具有良好的抗菌性能,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别为82%和75%。     

低分子量壳聚糖/银复合材料的制备及其抗菌机理探讨

采用紫外光辐照法,以过氧化氢(H_2O_2)氧化降解法制备的低分子量壳聚糖(LMCS)为还原剂和稳定剂,制备了LMCS修饰的银纳米颗粒(LMCS-Ag)。运用X射线粉末衍射仪、透射电子显微镜等对所制备的样品进行了表征。结果表明:制得的纳米颗粒为球形;采用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对其进行抗菌性能评价,LMCS-Ag具有优异的抗菌性能,对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为4μg/mL、8μg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC、MBC分别为8μg/mL、16μg/mL,具有优异的抑菌、杀菌性能。β-半乳糖苷酶活性测定试验和大肠杆菌形貌表征(SEM)表明LMCS-Ag能有效破坏细菌细胞膜,实现抗菌功能。     

铜及其氧化物薄膜对大肠杆菌的强抑制作用

采用直流磁控溅射,靶材为金属铜靶,调节氧气和氩气流量,制备了以石英玻璃为基底颗粒大小在20～50nm之间的Cu和Cu2O纳米薄膜,研究了大肠杆菌与纳米铜系氧化物薄膜的相互作用。通过紫外可见分光光度计,掠入射小角X射线衍射(GIXRD),SEM分别对样品的光学性能、晶体结构、形貌特征进行了研究,发现纳米Cu和Cu2O薄膜均对大肠杆菌具有强抑制作用。在光照下,Cu2O薄膜除了具有金属离子抗菌效应外,光催化抗菌效应表现强烈;Cu薄膜表面有部分被氧化为Cu2O,有助于协同抗菌。     

不锈钢表面渗铜扩散复合处理合金层的抗菌性能研究

采用等离子表面合金化及辉光轰击热扩散复合处理技术在不锈钢表面进行了铜合金化处理. 利用薄膜密贴法对改性层的抗菌性能进行了测试. 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、辉光放电光谱分析仪(GDOES)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段, 研究了铜合金层的微观组织、化学成分分布及抗菌前后表面铜的价态变化. 结果表明, 铜合金层对大肠杆菌(E. coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)都展现了优良抗菌性能; 合金层表面铜约为5.7wt%, 合金层厚度约2.7 µm; 表面铜合金化不锈钢与菌液接触后, 不锈钢表面的铜元素以铜离子析出, 并且与试验菌种发生作用, 杀灭试验细菌.     

Preparation, characterization and antibacterial properties against E. coli K(88) of chitosan nanoparticle loaded copper ions

The present study was conducted to prepare and characterize chitosan nanoparticle loaded copper ions, and evaluate their antibacterial activity. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared based on ionotropic gelation, and then the copper ions were loaded. The particle size, zeta potential and morphology were determined. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against E.?coli?K(88) by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in vitro. Results showed that the antibacterial activity was significantly enhanced by the loading of copper ions compared to those of chitosan nanoparticles and copper ions. The MIC and MBC of chitosan nanoparticle loaded copper ions were 21 times and 42 times lower than those of copper ions, respectively. To confirm the antibacterial mechanism, morphological changes of E.?coli?K(88) treated by chitosan nanoparticle loaded copper ions were dynamically observed with an atomic force microscope (AFM). It was found that chitosan nanoparticle loaded copper ions killed E.?coli?K(88) through damage to the cell membrane.     

聚苯胺的抗菌性及其机制

进行了聚苯胺溶出液、聚苯胺粉末和聚苯胺复合漆膜的抗菌性实验,用FT-IR检测了溶出液的成分,研究了本征态聚苯胺和掺杂态聚苯胺对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌和枯草芽孢菌的抗菌性能及其随作用时间的变化,研究了与聚苯胺作用前后细菌的形貌变化以及聚苯胺的抗菌机制。     

C6位选择性氧化竹浆纤维的壳聚糖改性处理

采用H_3PO_4/HNO_3-NaNO_2氧化体系对竹浆纤维C6位进行选择性氧化,然后与壳聚糖溶液交联反应制备生态的抗菌壳聚糖改性竹浆纤维。固相CP/MAS 13 C核磁共振分析显示,H_3PO_4/HNO_3-NaNO_2已将竹浆纤维C6位上的伯羟基选择性氧化成羧基,且红外光谱和扫描电镜测试表明,壳聚糖的氨基与氧化竹浆纤维分子上的羧基发生酰胺化反应,壳聚糖分子通过C-N化学键共价交联在竹浆纤维上,并在竹浆纤维表面形成壳聚糖薄膜。通过分析H_3PO_4/HNO_3-NaNO_2氧化和壳聚糖处理过程中竹浆纤维羧基含量、机械强力、壳聚糖含量等指标,得出最佳工艺参数。Kjeldahl定氮分析得出壳聚糖在氧化竹浆纤维上的最大含量为3.92%。壳聚糖接枝竹浆纤维的断裂强度变化不明显,但其断裂伸长率降低。抗菌试验结果显示,与壳聚糖处理的原竹浆纤维抗菌性相比,壳聚糖改性竹浆纤维对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果明显提高,抑菌率均在96%以上,且壳聚糖改性竹浆纤维具有良好的抗菌耐洗涤性能。     

Chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) films containing ZnO nanoparticles and plasticizers

In this study ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by the Pechini method from a polyester by reacting citric acid with ethylene glycol in which the metal ions are dissolved, and incorporated into blend films of chitosan (CS) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with different concentrations of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, Tween 80 (T80). These films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling degree, degradation of films in Hank's solution and the mechanical properties. Besides these characterizations, the antibacterial activity of the films was tested, and the films containing ZnO nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity toward the bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus. The observed antibacterial activity in the composite films prepared in this work suggests that they may be used as hydrophilic wound and burn dressings.     

细菌纤维素/壳聚糖复合多孔支架材料的制备与表征

利用细菌纤维素水凝胶膜和壳聚糖为原料,介绍了多孔复合支架的制备方法,并利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、元素分析及力学性能测试对多孔复合支架的特性进行了研究。结果表明,复合多孔支架的表面孔径变大、孔隙率下降,但依然呈三维网络结构;壳聚糖的加入有可能取代水分而与细菌纤维素分子链形成分子间相互作用,使细菌纤维素的链规整度下降,结晶度指数由0.82下降至0.61;力学性能有所下降,拉伸强度从140MPa下降至134MPa;这种复合多孔支架由于具有良好的生物相容性可以应用于生物医学领域,如辅料、组织工程支架等。     

Synergistic antibacterial activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on Staphylococcus aureus

The approach of combining different mechanisms of antibacterial action by designing hybrid nanomaterials provides a new paradigm in the fight against resistant bacteria. Here, we present a new method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles enveloped in the biopolymer chitosan. The method aims at the production of bionanocomposites with enhanced antibacterial properties. We find that chitosan and silver nanoparticles act synergistically against two strains of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S.?aureus). As a result the bionanocomposites exhibit higher antibacterial activity than any component acting alone. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of the chitosan-silver nanoparticles synthesized at 0?°C were found to be lower than those reported for other types of silver nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed dramatic changes in morphology of S. aureus cells due to disruption of bacterial cell wall integrity after incubation with chitosan-silver nanoparticles. Finally, we demonstrate that silver nanoparticles can be used not only as antibacterial agents but also as excellent plasmonic substrates to identify bacteria and monitor the induced biochemical changes in the bacterial cell wall via surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy.     

Nanostructured Ag(4)O(4) films with enhanced antibacterial activity

Ag(4)O(4) (i.e.?silver(I)-silver(III) oxide) thin films with tailored structure and morphology at the nanoscale have been grown by reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and they are shown to exhibit a very strong antibacterial activity towards Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and to completely inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). The formation of this particular high-valence silver oxide is explained in terms of the reactions occurring during the expansion of the ablated species in the reactive atmosphere, leading to the formation of low-stability Ag-O dimers and atomic oxygen, providing reactive species at the substrate where the film grows. PLD is shown to allow control of the structure (i.e.?crystallinity and grain size) and of the morphology of the films, from compact and columnar to foam-like, thus allowing the deposition of nanocrystalline films with increased porosity and surface area. The antibacterial action towards E. coli is demonstrated and is shown to be superior to that of nanostructured Ag-based medical products. This can be related to the release of Ag ions with high oxidation number, which are known to be very reactive towards bacteria, and to the peculiar morphology at the nanoscale resulting in a large effective surface area.