基于传感器阵列的野外基线环境参数自动测量系统研制

为了保证野外测距精度,研制了一套环境参数自动测量系统,该系统通过在野外基线沿线布置密集的气温、气压与湿度传感器阵列,精确测量光路气温、气压及湿度等环境参数,进行空气折射率修正。采用μ-base测距仪在不同气候条件下进行验证实验,测量距离为144 m。实验结果表明,采用该系统测量环境参数,进行空气折射率修正,其修正误差引入的距离测量不确定度优于3.0×10^-7(k=2)。     

高精度空气折射率测量系统设计与实现

针对商用空气折射率测量装置受到传感器采集性能和解算公式准确度的影响使得实际测量精度较低的问题,基于便携式多环境参数采集装置,设计了一套空气折射率测量系统,采集环境中的温湿度、大气压强状态信息,对3种折射率间接测量公式进行误差分析,并和商用环境补偿器进行性能对比。实验结果表明:在压强为100.17~100.21kPa,温度为21.1~21.9℃,湿度为45.9~58.0% RH的实验条件下,该测量系统的测量偏差比商用环境补偿器低2.69×10^-7。     

基于GPS的目标飞行时间异地高精度测量技术

针对远程目标异地作用的特性以及异地时间测量对时间统一标准的严格要求,提出了一种基于GPS的高精度异地目标光信号时间测量系统.该系统将GPS授时与本地温补晶振时钟结合起来,利用GPS授时秒脉冲1 pps进行时间同步,由本地时钟结合GPS的标准时间测量出飞行目标启动和停止的精确时间及时间间隔;同时设计了高精度的授时方案,对GPS秒脉冲进行监控和补偿,有效提高了系统的可靠性.实验表明,该系统测量在400 s内所产生的累积测量误差小于300μs,等效精度达到7.5×10-7.     

野外大长度标准器—24 m因瓦基线尺量值的可靠性

野外主要标准基线场的长度量值,均采用24 m因瓦基线尺进行测量,其测量结果相对标准偏差一般优于5×10-7,基线场的长度量值(基线量值)的测量误差除野外的测量误差外,主要有基线尺本身的长度测量不确定度和温度线膨胀系数测量不确定度.24 m光学机械比较仪是利用比较测量的原理室内检测基线尺长度的标准装置,其测量结果不确定度U99优于15μm/24m.通过分析光学机械比较仪检测基线尺的不确定度和检测数据,评估基线尺量值的可靠性.     

全站仪加乘常数的校准方法

现行的光电测距仪检定规程规定加乘常数的检定采用野外基线比较法进行,由于目前大量的全站仪需此方面的工作,强度很大。本文通过对基线比较法的分析和一些试验结果,提出了一种基线比较消去法来计算加乘常数及其测量标准偏差。在不影响其测量结果的情况下,对于给定的基线,可以减少测量基线段数,从而提高工作效率。     

论GB/T5170.2(.5)(.8)-2008新版本的变化

GB/T 5170.2,GB/T 5170.5,GB/T 5170.8于2008年做了修订,代替了1996年的版本,其中多个方面做了比较大的改动. 1 检验用主要仪器及要求 2008版5170(以下简称08版5170)相比较1996版的5170(以下简称96版5170)对于标准器的选用要求可以说更加严格. 08版温度标准器不仅沿用了96版的要求,更增加了多项要求,如采用由铂电阻、热电偶传感器及二次仪表组成的温度测量系统,其测量结果的扩展不确定度(k=2)不大于被检温度允许偏差的1/3;铂电阻传感器应符合IEC60751的等级A,热电偶传感器应符合GB/T16839.1;传感器在空气中的50%响应时间应在10～40 s之间,温度测量系统的响应时间应小于40 s;当测量温度变化速率时,温度测量系统的响应时间应小于5 s.     

计算机图像技术在高温锻件尺寸测量中的应用

利用彩色CCD和红外滤光片等搭建了高温锻件的尺寸测量平台,通过数字滤光与物理滤光技术提高锻件图像质量,采用比较测量法精确测量锻件二维尺寸。通过采集标准量块图像并应用畸变校正、噪声抑制、亚像素边缘提取等标定出系统的像素尺寸当量,然后选用其它标准量块进行验证,测量系统的横向测量不确定度为0.005 1 mm,纵向测量不确定度为0.008 7 mm。温度在1 000 ℃时采集45#锻件的图像并进行解算,所得测量尺寸与理论值的绝对误差小于1 mm,满足该系统的测量精度要求。     

温度条件对大尺寸测量装置精度影响的研究

大尺寸测量装置由于测量范围大,其测量精度受诸多因素影响,其中大尺寸测量装置所处环境条件变化会影响其测量精度。基于中国计量科学研究院地下一层实验室80m长度标准装置,在空调控温状态和自然温度状态(不控温)下,进行了长度测量范围为10,30,70m的测量精度实验研究,得到空调控温状态下折射率补偿误差分别为7.0,10.5,21.0μm;自然温度状态下折射率补偿误差分别为2.5,2.9,3.9μm。实验结果表明:大尺寸测量装置在自然温度状态下能得到更高的测量精度,当测量范围大于30m时,测量精度可优于10^-7量级。     

光纤直流大电流传感器非线性机理及校准技术

非线性误差是干涉型数字闭环光纤电流传感器超大电流测量的主要误差源之一。借助琼斯矩阵方法,推导了光纤1/4波片不理想条件下传感器输出与被测电流的理论关系,确定了1/4波片的方位角和相位延迟误差是造成光纤电流传感器超大电流测量非线性的主要原因之一。仿真结果表明:在5~300kA范围内,方位角误差小于4.53°,相位延迟误差小于9.05°,可保证传感器的测量误差小于0.2%。搭建了光纤直流大电流传感器校准系统,提出了分段线性插值补偿方法校准光纤电流传感器的非线性误差。测试结果表明:非线性补偿后传感器的测量误差由最大的0.6%降低到0.1%以内,证明了非线性补偿方法的有效性。     

基于等效合成波方法的双真空管空气折射率测量仪

在高精度测量中必须实时补偿空气折射率的影响。文中提出了等效合成波的概念,利用长度不等的两个真空管构成两个虚拟波长并推导出等效合成波测量公式,并由此建立了一种新型的双真空管空气折射率测量仪。该仪器具有结构紧凑、能实现实时测量的优点。系统测量分辨率为1×10-8,与Edlen公式方法进行的比对实验结果表明,其测量精度优于1×10-7,并具有很好的稳定性和抗干扰能力。     

基于Edlén公式空气折射率测量系统的校准研究

为了检验对激光干涉仪测量精度有很大影响的空气折射率测量系统的测试性能,提出一种可用于基于Edlén公式的空气折射率测量系统的校准方法,并且设计了专门的校准装置,该装置主要由温度、气压以及湿度测量系统组成。实验证明：取包含因子k=2时,温度在(5~40)℃区间,测量不确定度U优于0.02 ℃;气压在(66~105)kPa区间,U=18 Pa;湿度在(10~90)%RH区间,U=2.0%RH,等效于整个系统对应的空气折射率测量的相对不确定度优于1×10^-7     

High-precision diode-laser-based temperature measurement for air refractive index compensation

We present a laser-based system to measure the refractive index of air over a long path length. In optical distance measurements, it is essential to know the refractive index of air with high accuracy. Commonly, the refractive index of air is calculated from the properties of the ambient air using either Ciddor or Edlén equations, where the dominant uncertainty component is in most cases the air temperature. The method developed in this work utilizes direct absorption spectroscopy of oxygen to measure the average temperature of air and of water vapor to measure relative humidity. The method allows measurement of temperature and humidity over the same beam path as in optical distance measurement, providing spatially well-matching data. Indoor and outdoor measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. In particular, we demonstrate an effective compensation of the refractive index of air in an interferometric length measurement at a time-variant and spatially nonhomogeneous temperature over a long time period. Further, we were able to demonstrate 7 mK RMS noise over a 67 m path length using a 120 s sample time. To our knowledge, this is the best temperature precision reported for a spectroscopic temperature measurement.     

Local Particle Mean Velocity Measurement in Pneumatic Conveying Pipelines Using Electrostatic Sensor Arrays

In this paper, a measurement system for the local mean velocity of pneumatically conveyed particles is proposed and developed. It mainly consists of electrostatic sensor arrays, signal conditioning circuits, and a digital signal processor (DSP)-based data acquisition and processing unit. Electrostatic sensor arrays are used to detect the charge on particles in its sensing zone and further make the local particle mean velocity measurement in conjunction with cross-correlation method. The sampling frequency is determined from theoretical analysis of the bandwidth of electrostatic signal and accuracy of correlation velocity calculation. Experiments are carried out on a belt conveyor and a gravity-fed particle rig to determine the optimized sampling number of the electrostatic signal through analyzing the measurement error of the transit time. The results showed that the more sampling numbers, the higher stability of measurement results. The repeatability of the measurement system is less than ±2.2% and the linearity is better than ±4.9% over the velocity range of 5.50–21.98 m/s. Experiments are also performed on a high-pressure dense-phase pneumatic conveying system of pulverized coal, indicating that the measurement system is capable of achieving local mean velocity measurement of pneumatically conveyed particles with the relative standard deviation less than 5.5%.     

Novel optoelectronic sensing system for thin polymer films glass transition investigation

The glass transition zone of thin polystyrene films on silica substrates has been investigated by using a novel optoelectronic integrated sensor involving simultaneous refractive index and temperature measurements. The sensor design is based on the deposition of thin polymer film by chemical dipping on the distal end of a standard silica optical fiber. Direct reflectometric interrogation and fiber-Bragg grating sensor integration have been used to simultaneously retrieve information about the refractive index variation over the glass transition region revealed by a temperature ramping. Sensor modeling and sensitivity have been investigated. The glass transition has been identified by measuring the change of the thermooptic coefficient in cooling down experiments. The comparison between refractive index transition and standard calorimetric analysis has been carried out to test the optoelectronic integrated sensor reliability. The proposed sensing system has demonstrated that it is able to measure the glass transition temperature of thin polymer films; moreover, the system and procedure can be readily implemented to investigate the effect of polymeric sample finite size and specific energetic interactions on the glass transition zone.     

Miniaturized Optical Fiber Sensor Interrogation System Employing Echelle Diffractive Gratings Demultiplexer for Potential Aerospace Applications

To enable the application of optical fiber sensors to aerospace vehicles, the sensor interrogation or data acquisition system has to meet small size and low weight requirements. This paper presents the developmental work of an echelle diffractive gratings (EDGs) demultiplexer-based optical fiber sensor interrogation system. The operation principle of this system and its application to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor interrogation are presented. The experimental results have shown that the developed interrogator (not including the electronic controller) weighs less than 60 g and provides better than 1 pm measurement resolution and better than plusmn10 pm measurement accuracy.     

Optical fiber refractometer using narrowband cladding-mode resonance shifts

Short-period fiber Bragg gratings with weakly tilted grating planes generate multiple strong resonances in transmission. Our experimental results show that the wavelength separation between selected resonances allows the measurement of the refractive index of the medium surrounding the fiber for values between 1.25 and 1.44 with an accuracy approaching 1x10(-4). The sensor element is 10 mm long and made from standard single-mode telecommunication grade optical fiber by ultraviolet light irradiation through a phase mask.     

20—80K低温压力传感器校准系统的研制

针对低温压力传感器的精确测量,设计并搭建了一套20-80 K低温压力传感器校准系统,介绍了系统中恒温试验腔的原理、结构及连接方式,验证了恒温试验腔内温度场的均匀分布。恒温试验腔完全浸没在液氢中,通过温度控制系统调节腔内电加热丝功率,来实现对测试环境温度的控制。试验结果表明,该系统结构紧凑,安全可靠性高,性能稳定,测试温区内变温有良好的温度梯度,温控精度在±0.2 K以内,可通过压力标准源对安装在恒温试验腔内的低温压力传感器进行精确校准。