Dynamic forecast scheduling algorithm for virtual machine placement in cloud computing environment

In most cloud computing platforms, the virtual machine quotas are seldom changed once initialized, although the current allocated resources are not efficiently utilized. The average utilization of cloud servers in most datacenters can be improved through virtual machine placement optimization. How to dynamically forecast the resource usage becomes a key problem. This paper proposes a scheduling algorithm called virtual machine dynamic forecast scheduling (VM-DFS) to deploy virtual machines in a cloud computing environment. In this algorithm, through analysis of historical memory consumption, the most suitable physical machine can be selected to place a virtual machine according to future consumption forecast. This paper formalizes the virtual machine placement problem as a bin-packing problem, which can be solved by the first-fit decreasing scheme. Through this method, for specific virtual machine requirements of applications, we can minimize the number of physical machines. The VM-DFS algorithm is verified through the CloudSim simulator. Our experiments are carried out on different numbers of virtual machine requests. Through analysis of the experimental results, we find that VM-DFS can save 17.08 % physical machines on the average, which outperforms most of the state-of-the-art systems.     

Layered virtual machine migration algorithm for network resource balancing in cloud computing

Due to the increasing sizes of cloud data centers, the number of virtual machines (VMs) and applications rises quickly. The rapid growth of large scale Internet services results in unbalanced load of network resource. The bandwidth utilization rate of some physical hosts is too high, and this causes network congestion. This paper presents a layered VM migration algorithm (LVMM). At first, the algorithm will divide the cloud data center into several regions according to the bandwidth utilization rate of the hosts. Then we balance the load of network resource of each region by VM migrations, and ultimately achieve the load balance of network resource in the cloud data center. Through simulation experiments in different environments, it is proved that the LVMMalgorithm can effectively balance the load of network resource in cloud computing.     

An imperialist competitive algorithm for virtual machine placement in cloud computing

Abstract

Cloud computing, the recently emerged revolution in IT industry, is empowered by virtualisation technology. In this paradigm, the user’s applications run over some virtual machines (VMs). The process of selecting proper physical machines to host these virtual machines is called virtual machine placement. It plays an important role on resource utilisation and power efficiency of cloud computing environment. In this paper, we propose an imperialist competitive-based algorithm for the virtual machine placement problem called ICA-VMPLC. The base optimisation algorithm is chosen to be ICA because of its ease in neighbourhood movement, good convergence rate and suitable terminology. The proposed algorithm investigates search space in a unique manner to efficiently obtain optimal placement solution that simultaneously minimises power consumption and total resource wastage. Its final solution performance is compared with several existing methods such as grouping genetic and ant colony-based algorithms as well as bin packing heuristic. The simulation results show that the proposed method is superior to other tested algorithms in terms of power consumption, resource wastage, CPU usage efficiency and memory usage efficiency.     

Granularity-based workflow scheduling algorithm for cloud computing

The workflow scheduling problem has drawn a lot of attention in the research community. This paper presents a workflow scheduling algorithm, called granularity score scheduling (GSS), which is based on the granularity of the tasks in a given workflow. The main objectives of GSS are to minimize the makespan and maximize the average virtual machine utilization. The algorithm consists of three phases, namely B-level calculation, score adjustment and task ranking and scheduling. We simulate the proposed algorithm using various benchmark scientific workflow applications, i.e., Cybershake, Epigenomic, Inspiral and Montage. The simulation results are compared with two well-known existing workflow scheduling algorithms, namely heterogeneous earliest finish time and performance effective task scheduling, which are also applied in cloud computing environment. Based on the simulation results, the proposed algorithm remarkably demonstrates its performance in terms of makespan and average virtual machine utilization.     

虚拟化云计算数据中心资源节能调度算法研究

针对当前云计算数据中心资源调度过程耗时长、能耗高、数据传输准确性较低的问题,提出基于VR沉浸式的虚拟化云计算数据中心资源节能调度算法。构建云计算数据中心资源采样模型,结合虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)互动装置输出、转换、调度中心资源,提取中心资源的关联规则特征量,采用嵌入式模糊聚类融合分析方法三维重构中心资源,建立虚拟化云计算数据中心资源的信息融合中心,采用决策相关性分析方法,结合差异化融合特征量实现对数据中心资源调度,实现虚拟化云计算数据中心资源实时节能调度。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行虚拟化云计算数据中心资源节能调度的数据传输准确性较高,时间开销较短,能耗较低,在中心资源调度中具有很好的应用价值。     

云数据中心基于遗传算法的虚拟机迁移模型

提出云数据中心中基于遗传算法的虚拟机迁移模型GA-VMM（genetic algorithm based virtual machine migration）。GA-VMM在虚拟机迁移的时刻考虑的问题维度优于常见的策略,使虚拟机的分配与迁移更加合理与公平。建立了云端能量消耗与在线虚拟机迁移时间消耗数学模型,通过全局遗传算法来优化虚拟机迁移和放置策略。利用某个企业的大数据中心作为云端测试环境,对比测试GA-VMM迁移模型与已有的虚拟机迁移策略的性能。测试结果表明,GA-VMM迁移模型能够更好地减少物理主机的使用数量和虚拟机的迁移次数,SLA（service level agreement violation）违规基本处于稳定状态;GA-VMM可以降低数据中心能耗,性能优于已有的迁移策略。     

An energy-efficient cuckoo search algorithm for virtual machine placement in cloud computing data centers

The Journal of Supercomputing - The advent of virtualization technology has created a huge potential application for cloud computing. In virtualization, a large hardware resource is often broken...     

云计算环境下的虚拟机快速克隆技术

虚拟机克隆技术是指在云计算环境下快速复制出多个虚拟机（VM）并将这些VM分发到多台物理主机上,克隆出来的VM共享相同的初始状态然后独立运行提供服务。虚拟机克隆使得云计算提供商能够快速有效地部署系统资源。给出了一种虚拟机快速克隆方法,利用写时拷贝技术来创建虚拟磁盘和内存状态的快照,然后用按需分配内存技术和多点传送技术来请求和传输这些状态信息。在C3云平台上的实验表明,此方法在不中断源虚拟机中运行服务的情况下,实现了云计算中的快速虚拟机克隆。     

云计算中能耗和性能感知的虚拟机优化部署算法

优化虚拟机部署是数据中心降低能耗的一个重要方法。目前大多数虚拟机部署算法都明显地降低了能耗,但过度虚拟机整合和迁移引起了系统性能较大的退化。针对该问题,首先构建虚拟机优化部署模型。然后提出一种二阶段迭代启发式算法来求解该模型,第一阶段是基于首次适应下降装箱算法,提出一种虚拟机优化部署算法,目标是最小化主机数;第二阶段是提出了一种虚拟机在线迁移选择算法,目标是最小化待迁移虚拟机数。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地降低能耗,具有较低的服务等级协定(SLA)违背率和较好的时间性能。     

基于云计算的IPv4/IPv6虚拟机在线迁移框架*

为了充分利用异构网络资源建设云计算基础平台,设计了一种基于NAT-PT与隧道技术协作的IPv4/IPv6虚拟机在线迁移框架。框架建立的网络结构适用于IPv4向IPv6演进的前、中、后期。利用设计的全局控制引擎为核心转换连接异构网络完成虚拟机在线迁移,并向客户端跨IPv4/IPv6网络提供云计算服务。经实验验证,该框架可应用于IPv4/IPv6过渡期间云计算基础平台建设。     

云计算IPv4/IPv6虚拟机在线迁移系统设计

根据云计算平台的特点,为了实现IPv4/IPv6环境下的云计算基础平台建设,设计了一种基于自适应的NAT-PT与隧道技术协作的IPv4/IPv6虚拟机在线迁移系统。该系统适用于IPv4向IPv6演进的前期、中期、后期。利用设计的全局控制引擎为核心转换连接IPv4/IPv6网络并与特权虚拟机交互完成虚拟机在线迁移,可向客户端跨IPv4/IPv6网络提供云计算服务。该系统应用于IPv4/IPv6过渡期间云计算基础平台构建。     

基于改进粒子群算法的云计算任务调度算法

如何对任务进行高效合理的调度是云计算需要解决的关键问题之一,针对云计算的编程模型框架,在传统粒子群优化算法（PSO）的基础上,提出了一种具有双适应度的粒子群算法（DFPSO）。通过该算法不但能找到任务总完成时间较短的调度结果,而且此调度结果的任务平均完成时间也较短。仿真分析结果表明,在相同的条件设置下,该算法优于传统的粒子群优化算法,当任务数量增多时,其综合调度性能优点明显。     

私有云平台的虚拟机内存调度策略

在私有云平台中,现有的方法无法灵活地对虚拟机内存资源进行有效的监控和分配。针对以上问题,提出了内存实时监测和动态调度(MMS)模型,利用libvirt函数库和Xen提供的libxc函数库实现了对虚拟机内存紧缺、内存空闲时的实时监测和动态调度,并且提出虚拟机迁移策略,有效地缓解宿主机的内存紧缺问题。最后选取一台物理机作为主控节点,两台物理机作为子节点,利用Eucalyptus搭建一个小型的私有云平台。结果显示,当宿主机处于内存紧缺状态时,MMS系统通过启动虚拟机迁移策略有效地释放了内存空间;当虚拟机占用内存逼近初始最大内存时,MMS为其分配新的最大内存;当占用内容降低时,MMS系统对部分空闲的内存资源进行了回收,而且释放内存不超过150MB(最大内存512MB)时,其对虚拟机性能的影响不大。结果表明该模型对私有云平台中虚拟机内存进行实时监测和动态调度是有效的。     

云计算环境下基于可靠性感知的任务调度算法

针对云计算环境下并行任务易受资源失效的影响而无法完成,且动态提供云资源可靠性较低的问题,首先,引入失效恢复机制,由于在失效可恢复情况下资源失效规律动态变化,使用两参数Weibull分布对不同时段资源节点和通信链路失效规律的局部特征进行描述;然后,根据并行任务之间存在的各类交互关系分析,提出了一种基于变参数失效规则的资源可靠性评估模型;最后,将该模型并入粒子群算法得到基于可靠性感知的自适应惯性权重粒子群资源调度算法R PSO,从而在计算适应度时充分考虑备选资源的可靠程度。仿真实验结果表明,当选择了合适的失效恢复参数时,提出的R PSO算法能够大幅度提高云服务可靠性,且只会增加少量的额外失效恢复开销。     

云计算环境下基于路径优先级的任务调度算法

为了最小化云计算系统的任务调度长度,结合表启发式调度技术和任务复制的思想提出基于路径优先权的任务调度算法.采用一种新方法计算DAG图中任务节点及边的权值,从最高优先权的路径开始依次选择任务进行调度,并通过有选择性地复制任务节点的父任务来减少任务间信息传送的时间花费,最后将任务安排到使其执行完成时间最早的虚拟机上.通过随机产生的DAG图与HEFT算法进行对比分析,实验结果表明了该算法能获得较短的调度长度.     

A low-power task scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous cloud computing

The Journal of Supercomputing - As a new type of computing, cloud computing has led to a major computational change. Among many technologies in cloud computing, task scheduling has always been...     

基于改进GA的云计算任务调度算法

云计算通常需要处理大量的计算任务,任务调度策略在决定云计算效率方面起着关键作用。如何合理地分配计算资源,有效地调度任务运行,使所有任务运行完成所需的时间较短、成本较小是个重要的问题。提出一种考虑时间-成本约束的遗传算法(TCGA),通过此算法调度产生的结果不仅能使任务完成所需的时间较短,而且成本较小。通过实验,将TCGA与考虑时间约束的遗传算法(TGA)、考虑成本约束的遗传算法(CGA)进行比较,实验结果表明,该算法是云计算中一种有效的任务调度算法。     

基于多目标免疫系统算法的云任务调度策略

针对云计算环境下任务调度问题,为减少任务完工时间,同时降低任务执行费用,提出一种改进的基于多目标免疫系统的任务调度算法IMISA来寻找较优的可行分配方案。与传统分配适应度值不同,该算法将抗体群划分为非支配解集和支配解集,分别将非支配解的独立支配区域面积、支配解与所有非支配解所围成的多边形面积作为相应的抗体-抗原亲和力,根据相应亲和度计算克隆比例后克隆变异生成子代。在CloudSim平台上进行仿真实验,结果表明,与NSGA-Ⅱ及多目标免疫系统算法(MISA)相比,IMISA能够找到具有更短完工时间及更小的执行费用的调度方案,同时获得的Pareto解集也具有更好的分布性。