LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2@WO3复合正极材料的制备与性能

为改善LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂（NCM）锂离子电池三元正极材料的电化学性能,采用液相蒸发法将WO₃包覆于NCM表面,得到NCM@WO₃复合正极材料。通过XRD、SEM和TEM对NCM@WO₃复合材料的结构和形貌进行表征,利用充放电测试、循环伏安及交流阻抗测试对其电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,当WO₃包覆量为3wt%时,NCM@WO₃复合材料性能最佳,在0.5 C下的首次放电比容量为179.9 mA·hg-1,不可逆容量损失降低至42.4 mA·hg-1,循环50圈后容量保持率为98.3%。WO₃的包覆提高了锂离子扩散速率,减少了电极材料与电解液的副反应,NCM@WO₃复合材料的电化学性能得到提升。      

Al掺杂对LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2三元材料性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2前驱体,再通过高温固相法制备了不同Al掺杂量(0,1％,2％和3％)(摩尔分数)的LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NCM622)三元材料.通过XRD、SEM和恒流充放电测试等对NCM622三元材料的物相结构、微观形貌和电化学性能等进行了分析.结果表明,所...     

锂离子电池高镍三元正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2的改性研究进展

高镍三元正极材料LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂(NCM811)具有平台电位高、能量密度大、成本低等优点，在动力锂离子电池市场具有广阔的应用前景。然而，该材料存在阳离子混排、表面不稳定、热稳定性差等缺点，导致电池在使用过程中出现容量衰减快、循环性能差、安全性能低等问题，严重阻碍了其大规模应用综述了NCM811材料的结构特征、存在问题及改性研究进展，重点介绍了离子掺杂、表面包覆、结构设计等改性方法对其电化学性能的影响，并展望了其未来发展趋势和应用前景。     

氟代线性碳酸酯对高电压LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/人造石墨软包电池性能的影响

LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂正极材料因能量密度高、循环稳定性好及安全性高而被认为是最有前途的高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料之一。然而，传统的常规碳酸酯基电解液的耐氧化性较差，导致LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂正极材料在高电压条件下的容量快速衰减。在氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)的基础上，研究了氟代线性碳酸酯(如二(2,2,2-三氟乙基)碳酸酯(TFEC)及甲基(2,2,2-三氟乙基)碳酸酯(MTFEC))替代碳酸二乙酯(DEC)在高电压下的循环稳定性。电化学测试结果表明，TFEC、MTFEC替代DEC后，4.5 V LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂/人造石墨软包电池45℃循环700圈后容量保持率分别从45.5%提高到72.5%、81.6%。线性扫描伏安法(LSV)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线...     

表面包覆法合成的LiN0.8Co0.2O2材料的结构表征

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2是锂离子电池界公认的最有希望取代商业化正极材料LiCoO2的新型正极材料之一.本文所研究的复合正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2是由细小的晶粒构成的球形颗粒,单一相,属于R3m空间群.对复合材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的Co-K和Ni-K的XANES分析可知,在600～850℃范围温度对于钴元素的影响不明显,而对于镍元素的影响比较显著,随着Ni-K边位置向高能量移动LiNi0.8Co0.2O2正极材料的放电容量升高.复合材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2和LiNiO2的Ni-K边XANES相似,表明少量钴的引入对晶体结构的改变不是太多,但是峰的强度较高和峰的位置向高能量移动,表明钴Co对Ni的局域结构进行了调制.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2的合成及其电化学性能

以自制(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4)(OH)2为前驱体,采用高温固相法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.4Co0.2-Mn0.4O2,采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对材料结构和形貌进行了表征,表明所得材料外观为球形,具有典型的α-NaFeO2层状结构,循环伏安、恒电流充放电测试表明,800℃下合成的材料具有最优的电化学性能,首次放电比容量达161.8mAh/g。     

Sb掺杂O3型Na0.9Ni0.5Mn0.3Ti0.2O2钠离子电池正极材料

提高钠离子电池正极材料的循环稳定性和比容量是实现其广泛应用的关键,基于引入特定杂元素可优化正极材料结构稳定性和比容量的策略,本研究采用便捷的固相反应法制备O3-Na_0.9Ni_0.5Mn_0.3Ti_0.2O₂(NMTSb_x, x=0,0.02, 0.04, 0.06)系列层状氧化物正极材料,对比研究了Sb掺杂对Na_0.9Ni_0.5Mn_0.3Ti_0.2O₂正极材料储钠性能的影响。测试结果表明,引入Sb后过渡金属层中氧原子之间的静电斥力减小,晶格间距扩大,有利于Na⁺的脱嵌。且掺杂Sb所造成的强电子离域降低了整个系统的能量,获得了更有利于循环充放电的稳定性结构。在2.0～4.2 V测试范围下,未掺杂的NMTSb₀在1C(240mA·g^-1)倍率下初始放电比容量为122.8mAh·g^...     

以球形α-Ni0.8Co0.2(OH)2制备锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2

LiNio.8Co0.2O2是很有希望取代LiCoO2的新一代锂离子电池正极材料.采用控制结晶法合成球形α-Nio.8Coo.2(OH)2为前驱体,与LiOH@H2O混合,在700℃通O2热处理4h合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNio.8Coo.2O2粉末.X光衍射分析表明合成的LiNio.8Coo.2O2粉末结晶良好,具有规整的α-NaFeO2层状结构.扫描电镜分析表明粉末颗粒呈球形,粒径约8μm.粉末的流动性好,堆积密度高.充放电测试表明,合成的LiNio.8Coo2O2正极材料具有优良的电化学性能首次充电比容量为197mAh.g-1,放电比容量为174mAh.g-1,10次充放电循环后保持初始放电比容量的96.6%.     

铝掺杂的富锂正极材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.4Fe0.3Al0.1]O2的合成及电化学性能研究

用共沉淀法合成了用铝掺杂的铁部分取代锰的富锂正极材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.4Fe0.3Al0.1]O2。采用XRD、SEM、电化学测试等方法对样品进行表征。结果表明,与Li[Li0.2Mn0.45Fe0.35]O2相比,Li[Li0.2Mn0.4Fe0.3Al0.1]O2具有较好的电化学性能,其初始容量达到241mAh/g左右,经50次充放电循环后,容量衰减率在7%左右。     

锂离子电池高镍LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2正极材料的微波合成及其Co、Al共改性

高镍正极材料由于较高的比容量和性价比而受到关注, 但在循环过程中稳定性较差且安全性能不佳, 限制了其更广泛的应用。本研究结合微波辅助共沉淀与高温固相法制备高镍正极LiNi_0.8Mn_0.2O₂二元材料, 再掺入不同比例的Co、Al对材料进行改性研究。结果表明, 改性后的材料性能明显改善, 特别是LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.08Al_0.02O₂在2.75~4.35 V、1C下循环100次后容量保持率达到91.39%, 在5C下放电比容量仍有160.03 mAh∙g^-1, 并且掺杂后的材料具有较高的热稳定性, 安全性得到提升。其优异的循环保持率归因于Co、Al较好地抑制了循环过程中H2→H3相变的不可逆性对材料结构稳定性的破坏, 以及较弱的电极反应极化, 使电荷转移电阻降低。     

双功能电解液添加剂对锂离子电池高温高电压性能的影响

三元锂离子动力电池的开发和应用受制于高温高电压条件下的容量衰减和电池产气鼓胀等技术难题。解决这些问题一方面要注重电极材料改性和电池设计, 另一方面还依赖于电解液的技术进步。本研究报道了四乙烯基硅烷(Tetravinylsilane, TVS)作为LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂(NCM622)/石墨软包电池的电解液添加剂, 可以显著改善电池的高温(45~60 ℃) 高电压(4.4 V)性能, 包括存储和循环性能。结果表明, 电解液中含有质量分数0.5% TVS的电池在2.8~4.4 V区间, 1C (1C=1.1 Ah)倍率下循环400次后的容量保持率达到92%, 而电解液中未添加TVS的软包电池仅为82%。进一步研究表明, 一方面TVS高电压下优先被氧化, 可以在NCM622颗粒表面形成耐高温的CEI膜, 有效抑制NCM622颗粒内部裂纹和过渡金属离子溶出; 另一方面, TVS在低电位下还可以优先被还原, 在石墨负极表面聚合形成稳定的SEI膜, 抑制电解液与负极之间的副反应。     

La(Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2)O3钙钛矿高熵陶瓷粉体的制备及其电学性能

采用共沉淀法结合煅烧工艺制备La(Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2)O3钙钛矿结构高熵陶瓷粉体,显著降低了材料的合成温度.采用不同手段对其进行物相及形貌表征,研究结果表明,当煅烧温度为800℃时,样品已经形成钙钛矿结构,但有少量第二相;当煅烧温度为1000℃时,La(Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn...     

Electrochemical performance of overlithiated Li1+xNi0.8Co0.2O2: structural and oxidation state studies

Pure, layered compounds of overlithiated Li_1+xNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ (x = 0.05 and 0.1) were successfully prepared by a modified combustion method. XRD studies showed that cell parameters of the material decreased with increasing the lithium content. SEM revealed that the morphology of particles changed from rounded polyhedral-like crystallites to sharp-edged polyhedral crystals with more doped lithium. EDX showed that the stoichiometries of Ni and Co agrees with calculated synthesized values. Electrochemical studies revealed the overlithiated samples have improved capacities as well as cycling behavior. The sample with x = 0.05 shows the best performance with a specific capacity of 113.29 mA?h?g^-1 and the best capacity retention of 92.2% over 10 cycles. XPS results showed that the binding energy of Li 1s is decreased for the Li doped samples with the smallest value for the x = 0.05 sample, implying that Li⁺ ions can be extracted more easily from Li_1.05Ni_0.8Co_0.2O₂ than the other stoichiometries accounting for the improved performance of the material. Considerations of core level XPS peaks for transition metals reveal the existence in several oxidation states. However, the percentage of the+3 oxidation state of transition metals for the when x = 0.1 is the highest and the availability for charge transition from the+3 to+4 state of the transition metal during deintercalation is more readily available.     

真空烧结制备(La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Er0.2)2Zr2O7高熵透明陶瓷

高熵陶瓷是近年来陶瓷材料研究的热点,制备性能优异的高熵陶瓷是陶瓷材料的发展趋势.本研究采用燃烧法结合真空烧结制备出高熵透明陶瓷.测试结果显示燃烧法制备高熵(La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Er0.2)2Zr2O7粉体的平均晶粒尺寸为8 nm,高熵粉体为无序的缺陷萤石结构.在真空炉中不同温度烧结的高熵陶瓷具有有序...     

低温燃烧合成法制备 Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9 纳米粉体

采用柠檬酸做还原剂，硝酸盐做氧化剂，利用溶胶-凝胶低温燃烧合成工艺制备了纳米晶Ce0.8Y0.2O1．9固溶体．用TG／DTA、XRD、FTIR、Raman和TEM等检测手段研究了柠檬酸用量、前驱体溶液的pH值、氧化剂的用量等工艺参数对凝胶的形成、分解及产物特性的影响．结果表明，通过控制柠檬酸的用量、溶液的pH值，可以获得稳定的凝胶．改变氧化剂的用量，可以获得颗粒尺寸在5-40nm范围的超细粉体．Raman研究表明，随氧化剂含量的增加，氧空位浓度增大．     

人工时效对激光选区熔化AlMg4.5Sc0.55Mn0.5Zr0.2合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化制备AlMg_4.5Sc_0.55Mn_0.5Zr_0.2合金,研究人工时效工艺参数对合金维氏硬度的影响规律,分析沉积态和优选时效态合金的室温拉伸性能和显微组织。结果表明：人工时效使该合金的维氏硬度由102HV提升至140HV以上。随着时效温度升高（305~335℃）或时效时间延长（1.5~48 h）,维氏硬度呈现先增加、再降低、最后逐渐趋于稳定的规律。在315℃时效3 h或12 h后,合金的室温拉伸性能基本相当,无明显的各向异性;抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到470 MPa和410 MPa,断后伸长率保持在15.0%。力学性能的提升得益于人工时效过程中弥散析出且与基体共格的纳米增强颗粒Al₃（Sc,Zr）。     

Low temperature performance of graphite and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 electrodes in Li-ion batteries

Low temperature (LT) behavior of graphite/LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ (NCM622) cells prepared with low loading or LL (thinner electrodes prepared with low loading and packing density) and high loading or HL (thicker electrodes prepared with high loading and packing density) were investigated. The cells were prepared as half coin cell, full coin cell, and full pouch cell to identify the main factors that limit LT operations of lithium ion batteries. All the cells were tested at ?32 °C, and the capacity retention at LT was compared to the capacity retention at room temperature (RT). The Li⁺ insertion kinetics was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The LL electrodes showed a lesser charge transfer resistance (R _ct) than that shown by the thicker electrodes at LT. The diffusion coefficients of Li⁺ calculated via the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) in graphite and NCM622 electrodes prepared with LL and HL at RT were in the range of 10^?8 cm²/s but decreased to the range of 10^?13 and 10^?11 cm²/s at ?32 °C, respectively. GITT results confirmed that the capacity loss at LT, with increased electrode loading, arose from the limitation of Li-ion diffusion within the electrode.     

Performance of Ni/ScSZ cermet anode modified by coating with Gd0.2Ce0.8O2 for a SOFC

A Ni/scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) cermet anode was modified by coating with nano-sized gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC, Gd_0.2Ce_0.8O₂) within the pores of the anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed in the anode characterizations. Open circuit voltages (OCVs) increased from 1.027 to 1.078 V, and the maximum power densities increased from 238 to 825 mW/cm², as the operating temperature of a SOFC with 2.0 wt.%GDC-coated Ni/ScSZ anode was increased from 700 to 850 °C in humidified hydrogen. The coating of nano-sized Gd_0.2Ce_0.8O₂ particle within the pores of the porous Ni/ScSZ anode significantly improved the performance of anode supported cell. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) illustrated that the cell with Ni/ScSZ anode exhibited far greater impedances than the cell with 2.0 wt.%GDC-coated Ni/ScSZ anode. Consequently, 2.0 wt.%GDC-coated Ni/ScSZ anode could be used as a novel anode material for a SOFC due to better electrochemical performance.     

SDC中间层的阳极支撑型LSGM电解质膜SOFC的制备及性能研究

采用离心沉降法及高温共烧结工艺在多孔NiO-Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9(SDC)阳极上成功地制备了SDC/LSGM (La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3-δ)/SDC电解质薄膜. 经共烧结制备了11μmSDC/15μmLSGM/13μmSDC三层复合电解质薄膜. 电池在800℃最大输出功率密度为0.92W/cm², 但电池的开路电压0.89V低于理论电动势. 电池微结构和元素分析表明, 高温共烧结时Ni扩散到LSGM电解质薄膜中引起电子电导, 导致电池开路电压偏低. 阻抗谱测试表明, 引入SDC电解质作为隔离层后, 欧姆极化过程和电极极化过程共同影响电池的性能