新型高效的跨临界二氧化碳汽车空调系统

随着技术成熟和工艺发展,二氧化碳汽车空调系统的主要零部件,如压缩机、换热器及节流阀,也逐渐多样化,涡漩式和变排量压缩机、高效换热器、系统控制技术的应用,使跨临界二氧化碳汽车空调系统的性能已优于HFC134a系统,作为下一代的汽车空调,二氧化碳系统得到越来越多的认同.     

二氧化碳跨临界汽车空调系统开发

利用热力学方法对跨临界二氧化碳系统的排气压力和吸气回热器大小进行了优化计算，在此基础上，研制了二氧化碳压缩机、换热器、贮液器、管组并开发了专用的焓差法试验台，系统样机的实测制冷量达到4．5千瓦。     

跨临界循环二氧化碳汽车空调研究进展

二氧化碳作为一种自然制冷剂,可以从根本上解决汽车空调系统的ＣＦＣｓ替代问题。本文介绍了二氧化碳超临界循环汽车空调系统的构成与特性,以及从理论与实验研究上得到的与其它工质汽车空调系统的对比结果。本文还介绍了该系统专用的气体冷却器、蒸发器、压缩机。     

二氧化碳跨临界循环制冷的研究进展

给出了CO2跨临界制冷循环的典型流程和特点;对国内外针对超临界CO2特性的研究、CO2制冷循环的研究、CO2制冷设备的研究与开发以及CO2跨临界循环系统安全性与可靠性的研究现状等4个方面进行了综述,指出了二氧化碳跨临界循环制冷的发展趋势.     

跨临界二氧化碳汽车空调系统的研究与分析

随温室效应日益加剧,二氧化碳制冷剂重新回到人们的视野,引起广泛关注。介绍了跨临界二氧化碳汽车空调系统的组成及热力循环模型,并阐述了系统主要部件压缩机、气体冷却器、蒸发器、节流机构工作性能的影响因素和研究发展方向。     

二氧化碳跨临界压缩机研究进展

介绍CO2制冷剂跨临界循环的优势，回顾CO2压缩机的发展历史，对已开发的各种类型的CO2压缩机进行分析，总结CO2压缩机发展的关键技术。     

二氧化碳跨临界循环的比较分析

介绍了二氧化碳的热物理特性，理论分析了二氧化碳跨临界循环。在讨论基本理论循环的基础上，研究了带回热器的循环、带膨胀机的循环、既带回热器又带膨胀机的循环。同时，比较了各种循环的性能系数，发现在各种循环中都存在一个最佳的排气压力使得系统的性能系数达到最大值，并且带膨胀机的循环是性能系数最优的循环。     

CO2跨临界膨胀机的开发与实验研究

作为自然工质,CO2制冷系统越来越受到关注,然而目前CO2跨临界循环研究面临的最大问题是如何提高系统效率,使之能与普通工质循环竞争。为降低CO2跨临界循环的节流损失,开发膨胀机代替节流阀是研究的重要方向。文中给出开发CO2滚动活塞膨胀机的依据,以及在设计过程中需解决的吸气控制系统、泄漏和摩擦等问题采取的措施,同时建立CO2跨临界循环系统带膨胀机系统的实验装置,并对CO2滚动活塞膨胀机进行实验研究,发现膨胀机的输出功与负载有关,同时得出膨胀机的最高效率可达到32％以上,进一步的改进工作仍在进行。     

二氧化碳跨临界循环制冷的开发与研究进展

由于近年来制冷剂对臭氧层的破坏和全球温室效应等环保问题日益突出,CO2作为理想的制冷剂开始重新得到重视。给出了CO2跨临界制冷循环的典型流程和特点;对国内外针对超临界CO2特性的、CO2制冷循环、CO2制冷设备的开发以及CO2跨临界循环系统安全性与可靠性等四个方面的研究现状进行了综述,指出了二氧化碳跨临界循环制冷今后的发展趋势。     

气-气式跨临界二氧化碳空调系统研制

利用一套气－气式跨临界二氧化碳（CO2）空调系统实验装置，对设计要点做了简要介绍，给出了初步的实验结果。     

Thermodynamic analysis of different two-stage transcritical carbon dioxide cycles

The aim of this paper is the thermodynamic evaluation and optimisation of different two-stage transcritical carbon dioxide cycles. Five different cycles are studied: basic single-stage cycle, single-throttling with two-stage compression cycle, split cycle, phase separation cycle and single-stage cycle coupled with a gas cooling circuit. Each basic cycle is analysed for the effect of internal heat transfer between different streams of refrigerants. In the case of two-stage compression, intermediate cooling between the compressor stages is present. An analysis on the Plank cycle for intermediate pressure higher than critical one is performed. Each cycle is optimised with regards to energy performance, calculating the optimal values of both the upper and the intermediate pressures. In the case of split cycle, the ratio of the mass flow rate in the main stream to the one in the auxiliary stream is also optimised.     

跨临界CO2制冷系统采用透平膨胀机的可行性分析

对CO2制冷系统中应用膨胀机的研究现状进行了回顾,在此基础上对跨临界CO2制冷循环中采用透平膨胀机的可行性进行了分析.研究表明透平膨胀机完全适用于家用及商用的跨临界CO2制冷/热泵系统,并通过计算实例给出了采用不同方案和效率的透平膨胀机替代节流阀对CO2制冷系统性能的提升效果.     

Two-stage transcritical carbon dioxide cycle optimisation: A theoretical and experimental analysis

The aim of this paper is to investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, the potential of improving the cycle efficiency through two stage compression with intermediate cooling, at operating conditions typical of air conditioning. The experimental set-up consists of two closed loop air circuits acting as heat sink and heat source for gas-cooler and evaporator, respectively. The tested refrigerating circuit includes two tube-and-fin heat exchangers as gas-cooler and evaporator, a back-pressure valve as throttling device and a double-stage semi-hermetic compound, two-piston, reciprocating compressor equipped with oil separator and intercooler. A full set of thermocouples, pressure transducers and flow-meters allows measurement of all the main parameters of the CO₂ cycle, enabling to perform heat balance both air and refrigerant side. Tests were run at fixed evaporation pressure, evaporator outlet superheating and gas-cooler outlet temperature, varying the gas-cooler outlet pressure in the range 8–11 MPa. The optimal gas-cooler pressure for this application as well as the effect of the intercooler efficiency on the cycle performance were investigated.

A FORTRAN code for the simulation of an improved two-stage cycle was validated against the experimental results; a theoretical analysis performed with this code is proposed for optimisation and energy performance evaluation of such a cycle.     

房间空调器凝露问题的分析

对空气凝露的产生原理及房间空调器凝露性能试验中出现的现象、问题的原因进行了分析,并提出有效的改进方法.     

A study of transcritical carbon dioxide flow through adiabatic capillary tubes

This paper advances a study of the transcritical expansion of carbon dioxide (R-744, CO₂) through adiabatic capillary tubes. The influence of both operating conditions (inlet and exit pressures, inlet temperature) and tube geometry (capillary diameter and tube length) on the CO₂ mass flow rate was experimentally evaluated using a purpose-built testing facility with a strict control of the measured variables. A dimensionless correlation to predict the refrigerant mass flow rate as a function of tube geometry and operating conditions was developed. In addition, a theoretical model was put forward based on the mass, energy and momentum conservation principles. The model results were compared with experimental data, when it was found that the model predicts 95% of the measured refrigerant mass flow rate within an error band of ±10%. The model was also employed to advance the knowledge about the transcritical carbon dioxide flow through adiabatic capillary tubes.     

Algebraic solution of transcritical carbon dioxide flow through adiabatic capillary tubes

This paper outlines an algebraic model for simulating the transcritical expansion of carbon dioxide through adiabatic capillary tubes. The model was put forward based on the analytical solution of the momentum conservation equation assuming an isenthalpic expansion process. The theoretical model predictions were compared with 66 experimental data points covering different operating conditions and tube geometries. A good agreement between the experimental and calculated mass flow rates was achieved, with more than 94% of the data points lying within an error band of ±10%.     

A study of transcritical carbon dioxide flow through diabatic capillary tubes

An experimental and theoretical study of the diabatic flow of carbon dioxide through lateral capillary tube suction line heat exchangers is outlined. The influence of both operating conditions (capillary tube inlet and outlet pressures, capillary tube inlet temperature and suction line inlet temperature) and tube geometry (heat exchanger length and position, suction line diameter and capillary tube length) on the heat and mass flow rates was experimentally evaluated using a purpose-built testing facility. In total, 75 tests were carried out with heat fluxes spanning from 1 to 11 kW m⁻² and refrigerant mass flow rates ranging from 12 to 26 kg h⁻¹. In addition, the mathematical model of Hermes et al. (2008) was adapted to run with carbon dioxide as working fluid. The model was validated against experimental data, and a good agreement between the experimental and calculated mass flow rates was achieved with 85% and 98% of the data points being within ±5% and ±10% error bounds, respectively.     

变频空调器压缩机图形法建模研究

通过把变频压缩机实际运行工况离散成无穷多个定速压缩机运行工况,采用图形法对压缩机性能曲线进行拟台,厂家提供的性能曲线表明拟合精度较高;在图形法拟合的基础上,借鉴成熟的对实际过热度进行修正的方法,建立了变步页空调器压缩机模型。