一种新型气液反应器流体力学与传质性能研究

为强化气液两相传质,研制出一种新型的气液反应器,即转鼓反应器。对其流体力学特性和传质性能分别进行了研究。采用体积法和脉冲法测定了不同条件下的气含率和停留时间分布;采用空气-水脱氧体系,研究了该反应器在不同条件下的体积传质系数。结果表明,该反应器液相接近于活塞流;气含率随转速N、气量QG的增大而增大;体积传质系数KLa随转速N和气量QG增大而增大,而液量QL变化对其影响不大。     

三相强制浆料环流反应器的局部传质行为

提出了一种新型的强制外循环三相环流反应器结构,根据结构特点及流动状态的不同,将反应器分为6个不同的流动区域. 在f300 mm′1700 mm的实验装置内,采用氧气气提-空气解吸法,详细考察了内环表观气速0.006~0.19 m/s、外循环液速0.03, 0.05 m/s、固含率5%, 10%, 15%时不同流动区域的体积传质系数. 发现外循环液流影响区体积传质系数最大,最高可达0.754 s-1,外环环隙区最小,不超过0.043 s-1,环流反应器整体体积传质系数与气液分离区体积传质系数接近. 适当扩大内、外环截面积比有利于提高环流反应器的传质性能. 环流反应器整体体积传质系数随内环表观气速和外循环液速的增加而增加,随颗粒浓度的增加略有降低.     

三段进气环流反应器气泡参数与传质特性研究

多级环流反应器通常在段间安装多孔分布板或其它内构件,增加了流体流动的阻力,导致环流液速降低。为此,今在多级环流反应器研究的基础上,设计了一种新型三段进气、多级环流反应器,利用新通入气体的抽提力和喷射力,缓解了段间的流动压降,并加速气泡的破碎;重点考察了进气量在各段中的分配比例对分段进气多级环流反应器流体力学的影响。应用多通道电导探针气泡特征参数测量仪和溶解氧分析仪分别测量气泡参数(气含率、气泡速度、气泡直径)及体积传质系数。实验结果表明:三段同时进气时,气泡直径明显减小,气液接触比表面积增加显著;体积传质系数远高于多级环流反应器,最大值约为多级环流反应器的2.3倍。根据修正双膜理论,计算得到了三段进气时体积传质系数的经验关联式,较好地反映出体积传质系数的变化规律。     

两级喷射式环流反应器流体力学与传质特性研究

为改善气体分布,提高传质性能,文中开发出一种两级喷射式环流反应器,研究了液体喷射速度、空塔气速和下级进气比对该反应器流体力学和传质特性的影响。分别采用压差法、电导电极法和动态溶氧法对反应器气含率、环流液速和体积传质系数进行了测量。实验结果表明:液体喷射速度和空塔气速的增加,环流反应器可以得到理想的流体力学和传质特性;分段进气比的变化显著影响了反应器体积传质系数,且存在最佳进气比;最佳进气比随着液体喷射速度的增加而增大,而基本不受空塔气速的影响;与单级喷射环流反应器相比,采用最佳进气比的两级喷射式环流反应器的传质效率有了显著的提升。     

气升式外环流反应器的体积传质系数

以Higbie的渗透理论和Kolmogoroff的湍流理论为基础,提出了计算液体旋涡在气液相界面暴露时间的方法,并建立了预测体积传质系数的模型方程。在不同管径比下的外环流反应器中,对空气 水体系测定了操作气速对体积传质系数、循环液速和气含率的影响。将体积传质系数与表观气速和下降管与上升管的面积比按幂函数进行关联,其预测值和试验值符合较好。     

面积比及筛网对环流反应器流动与传质的影响

通过实验考察了具有不同上升区与下降区面积比的内循环气升式环流反应器气含率、循环液速以及循环流量等,确定了具有较高气含率、循环液速及循环流量的环流反应器结构。随后在环流反应器的上部布置筛网,改变气泡进入下降区的流动形态,考察筛网对于环流反应器流体力学以及传质性能的影响。结果表明:上升区与下降区面积比接近为1的反应器流动性能最好;在内套筒上部布置筛网会改变气泡由上升区进入到下降区的流动形态,流动形态分为3种,无气泡进入下降区、仅有小气泡进入下降区以及全部小气泡以及部分大气泡进入下降区。筛网孔径会影响环流反应器中的气含率、循环液速、循环流量以及传质系数,可以通过优化筛网孔径而提高流动与传质性能。     

带气体分布器表面曝气反应器的气液传质特性

在高径比较大的表面曝气反应器中,由表面吸入的气体较难分散到反应器的底部,为增强反应器的气液传质性能,需要将反应器底部供气和表面曝气的配置优化。在直径380 mm、液位为530 mm的表面曝气反应器中,表观气速为2.45,4.90,7.35 mm/s的条件下,实验测定了3种不同构型的双层桨组合的气液传质系数和搅拌功率。结果表明,表面曝气结合气体分布器供气能有效改善气液反应器内气体的整体混合状况,以较低的功耗达到气体分布均匀、增强气液传质性能的目的。     

气液固三相环流反应器的研究进展

综述了气液固三相环流反应器的类型及工作原理、气液固三相环流反应器的特性参数(气含率、固含率、循环液速、液相体积传质系数、轴向分散系数)的测量方法和影响因素，介绍了特性参数的数学模型。并对现有模型进行了评述。对今后的研究提出一些建议。     

气升式环流反应器

本文系统研究了气液环流内循环反应器的气含率εg、液体循环次数、液体循环倍率、体积传质系数k_L a、比相界面积a、液相传质系数k_L和液体停留时间分布等问题,并用多釜串联模型参数N描述了该反应器在不同条件下液体的流动状况。     

气升式内环流反应器流场及传质特性数值模拟

采用双流体模型和气液二相流体动力学理论建立了气升式环流反应器流体流动的数学模型,在此模型的基础上利用溶质渗透理论和各向同性湍流理论建立了局部液相体积传质系数数学模型。采用计算流体软件F luent对气升式环流反应器内气液二相流动状况进行模拟,模拟结果较好地解释了气升式环流反应器内的流动行为及传质特性。模拟计算值与文献实验值的吻合说明了模型的可行性。     

油性微乳液的循环气升式反应器的流体力学和传质性能研究简

This study reports an experimental investigation on hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics in a 15.6x10-3 m3 external loop airlift reactor for oil-in-water micro-emulsions with oil to water volume ratio （φ） rang- ing from 3% to 7% （by volume）. For comparative purposes, experiments were also carried out with water. Increase in φ of micro-emulsion systems results in an increment in the gas holdup and a decrease in the volumetric gas-liquid oxygen transfer coefficient and liquid circulation velocity, attributed to the escalation in the viscosity of mi- cro-emulsions. The gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient for micro-emulsion systems are signifi- cantly higher than that of water system. Two correlations are developed to predict the gas holdup and oxygen trans- fer coefficient     

Gas‐Liquid Mass Transfer Characteristics in a Rotating‐Drum Bioreactor

The oxygen volumetric mass transfer coefficient is a key parameter to characterize the performance of aerobic bioreactors. A novel rotating‐drum bioreactor (RDB) fitted with a sparger as proposed in a previous work has demonstrated its excellent gas‐liquid mass transfer performance. To provide primary information on the design and scale‐up of the novel RDB, effects of reactor configuration including the number and width of lifters and operation conditions such as rotational speed, aeration rate, and solid volume fraction on mass transfer performance were systematically investigated in a new medium‐sized RDB. Compared with the stirred bioreactor and traditional RDBs, this new RDB exhibits better mass transfer performance. Taking both operational and reactor configuration parameters into consideration, an empirical correlation to predict the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in this type of RDBs was proposed which is valuable for its design and scale‐up.     

LOCAL OVERALL GAS-LIQUID VOLUMETRIC MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN A GAS-LIQUID TWO-PHASE REVERSED FLOW JET LOOP REACTOR

Local overall gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient profiles at the specified point were experimentally investigated in a gas-liquid two-phase reversed flow jet loop reactor with Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems. It was observed that the local overall gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient profiles of this reactor with Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems increase with increase in gas jet flow rates and liquid jet flow rates, and with decrease in nozzle diameter and CMC concentration.     

三重环流生物流化床的流体力学与传质特性

从气相含率,液体循环速度和体积氧传质系数方面研究自行设计新型结构的三重环流生物流化床的流体力学与传质特性。流化床反应器的有效体积２３Ｌ,实验条件是以空气为气相,水为液相,树脂为固相,固含率分别为０％,３％,６％和９％。实验结果表明,气相含率是影响反应器流体力学和传质特性的主要因素,气相含率增大可降低液体循环速度,增大体积氧传质系数。     

高固含率三相鼓泡淤浆反应器气液传质研究及其采用两种气体分布器的比较

以空气-水-黄沙以及空气-液体石蜡-黄沙两种系统为对象，在常压下用溶氧仪研究了采用小孔式及金属烧结板两种分布器的高固含率三相淤浆反应器的气液传质特性，以及固含率和表观气速等因素对容积气液传质系数kLa的影响，最后得到采用上述两种气体分布器的高固含率三相淤浆床关于容积气-液传质系数的经验关联式。实验证明，金属烧结板具有更好的气液传质特性。     

Effect of Dual Impeller‐Sparger Geometry on the Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in Stirred Vessels

The understanding of the effect of impeller‐sparger configurations on gas dispersion and mass transfer is very important to improve the performance of gas/liquid contactor systems. The influence of the impeller positions, the upper turbine diameter, the sparger ring diameter and its location in regard to the lower impeller on the power consumption, the volumetric mass‐transfer coefficient and the overall oxygen transfer efficiency were studied in a nonstandard curved bottomed reactor with an agitated system with dual disk style turbines. In the range of the gas flow rates studied, the most efficient impeller‐sparger arrangement for the oxygen transfer is the impeller system with turbines of different diameters located at C = 0.25 and IC = 0.5, and with the sparger of smaller diameter than the lower impeller settled below the impeller. A new model to estimate the k_La with an average relative error of 8 %, which takes the reactor operation conditions and the influence of the impeller‐sparger geometry into account, was also proposed.     

Region-dependent mass transfer behavior in a forced circulation airlift loop reactor

The contribution of local regions to global mass transfer holds the key to optimization and scale-up of a reactor. Extensive study has been conducted to investigate gas-liquid mass transfer occurring in the internal airlift loop reactor, but mostly restricted to global mass transfer performance. A cold model forced circulation internal airlift loop reactor was employed and divided into six regions in which dissolved oxygen concentration in slurry and mass transfer interfacial area were measured respectively. Different models were utilized to calculate volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Contributions of individual region to global mass transfer performance were calculated and compared. It was found that mass transfer coefficient and mass transfer interfacial area of individual region increases with increasing superficial gas velocity and slurry feed flowrate. The feed affected region has the greatest mass transfer coefficient and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, contributing more than 30% to global mass transfer in most operating condition. Mass transfer interfacial area is close in the gas distributor region, feed affected region and the gas-slurry separator region. In the present work, circulating bubbles are rare and contribute negligibly to the global mass transfer. Global volumetric mass transfer coefficient is close to that of the gas-slurry separator region, ranging from 0.02 to 0.1 1/s. Comparison of k_La is made between this work and literatures, suggesting a great improvement of mass transfer due to external liquid circulation.