基于C语言的电梯调度算法模拟研究

为了解电梯调度过程,采用C语言编程模拟电梯调度,利用数组、结构体等数据结构存储和管理电梯的运行状态和乘客信息。模拟结果符合现实生活中多部电梯调度情况,能有效反映多部电梯同时运行状况,同时为高层建筑中的电梯调度提供理论支持,更好地制订和优化电梯运行方案,提高电梯的运行效率和服务质量。     

基于视觉的电梯辅助调度系统设计

针对电梯的无效调度行为设计了一套基于摄像头视觉、ARM微处理器、ZigBee无线传输的辅助电梯调度系统装置,通过摄像头采集数字图像信息,运用数字图像处理技术,实现了候梯厅和轿厢内人数统计检测,轿厢内物品检测以及轿厢内空间满载检测,编制数据通信包与电梯控制中心通信,实现了辅助电梯系统进行优化调度。     

基于电梯交通流概率仿真模型的空闲交通模式电梯调度方法

首先建立电梯交通流概率仿真模型,然后利用该模型进行空闲交通模式下的电梯调度。该电梯调度方法有效地避免了电梯“空驶现象”,并大大降低了方法的复杂性。在仿真实验中,通过与其它空闲交通模式电梯调度方法的比较,可验证本方法的可行性和有效性。     

电梯群管理调度系统的仿真研究

本文详细地介绍了用两台微型计算机模拟电梯群管理调度系统的实施方案,给出了仿真程序的框图和在电视屏幕上显示电梯与乘客运动状况的图示。     

电梯上高峰动态规划分区控制方法的研究

研究电梯在上高峰模式下，采用动态规划方法进行动态分区的电梯群控方法，将乘客的乘梯时间和侯梯时间作为目标函数，在上高峰模式下对电梯群控的各部电梯进行最优分配，达到节能、快速和提高电梯利用率的目的，通过几种群控算法的仿真比较，验证了基于动态规划方法进行动态分区电梯群控方法的良好效果。     

基于蚁群算法的电梯群控调度优化策略研究

为了研究多台电梯的群控调度问题,并根据现有电梯调度策略的不足,建立以服务间和运行能耗为优化目标函数的调度模型,提出将电梯群控调度问题转化为离散组合优化问题,并利用蚁群优化算法求解。算法在接受众多乘客的随机请求下,能根据各电梯的运行现状,将不同层的乘客请求组合分配到相应电梯进行服务的最优调度方案,优化了群控电梯的运行模式,仿真实验证明算法能大幅度减少乘客的平均侯梯时间及缩短运行路径,证明了算法的有效性。     

电梯群控系统的最优调度仿真

在电梯群控节能优化问题的研究中,电梯群控调度是一个开放、动态、复杂系统的多目标优化问题。但是目前大多数群控系统都采用了乘客最少候梯时间的原则来派梯,并没有从电梯的能源消耗等综合因素来调度电梯,从而降低了电梯群控系统的调度性能。并且传统的调度方法在全局收敛性上不能得到很好的满足。为此提出一种蚁群算法的电梯群控系统来进行最佳电梯调度,利用乘客的候梯时间、电梯耗能和电梯拥挤度作为算法的变量数据,并且建立多目标评价函数的蚁群优化模型的控制器,通过蚁群算法进行仿真,验证了蚁群算法对电梯群控得到良好效果,并解决了电梯群控制器对电梯调度单一和全局快速收敛性的问题,为提高电梯群控调度性能提供了参考。     

基于模糊神经网络的电梯群控系统调度方法研究

电梯群控系统是一个复杂的决策系统,具有多目标性、随机性和非线性等特点,难以采用精确的数学模型加以描述,因而传统的控制方法很难提高系统性能。将模糊控制技术与神经网络技术相结合,提出了一种能适应各种交通客流状况的调度方法,设计了各电梯响应呼梯信号的综合评价函数,通过神经网络的学习能力调整各评价因素（候梯时间、乘梯时间、能量消耗、拥挤度）的权重系数,从而确定最佳派梯方案。仿真实验结果表明,此方法能在各种交通客流状况下实现合理的电梯调度,验证了此方法的有效性。     

电梯群调度的模糊神经网络方法

采用外呼-分配策略和模糊神经网络方法，研究了电梯群调度的评价函数、模糊规则、网络结构和学习算法，成功地模拟实现了电梯群的调度，表明了模糊神经网络方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于即时学习的非线性系统优化控制

基于数据驱动机制的逆控制是一种非线性系统控制方法,关键问题在于局部逆控制模型的准确性,但尚无校验机制来保证其能否产生期望的输出．为此,提出一种k-VNN即时学习算法,提高了逆控制模型的建模精度．将该算法与性能指标优化策略相结合,在线修正逆控制模型顶估的系统控制量。可得到系统的一步最优控制量。实现非线性系统的跟踪控制,为提高控制系统的泛化能力,提出一种数据库数据更新策略．仿真结果表明了所提出方法的有效性．     

A hybrid model predictive control strategy for nonlinear plant-wide control

A plant-wide control strategy based on integrating linear model predictive control (LMPC) and nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is proposed. The hybrid method is applicable to plants that can be decomposed into approximately linear subsystems and highly nonlinear subsystems that interact via mass and energy flows. LMPC is applied to the linear subsystems and NMPC is applied to the nonlinear subsystems. A simple controller coordination strategy that counteracts interaction effects is proposed for the case of one linear subsystem and one nonlinear subsystem. A reactor/separator process with recycle is used to compare the hybrid method to conventional LMPC and NMPC techniques.     

电梯群控系统的一种鲁棒离散优化调度策略

针对电梯群控调度过程中交通不确定的问题,提出一种电梯群控调度的鲁棒离散优化方法.将交通流作为不确定参数,考虑当前时刻和下一时刻交通流状况,将下一时刻交通流预测的不准确性作为不确定因素,建立电梯群控调度的鲁棒离散优化模型.针对该模型的特点,进一步提出了解决方法.仿真结果表明,该方法在电梯群控调度性能和交通模式的适应性方面得到较大改善.     

Optimal control of polymer flooding based on mixed-integer iterative dynamic programming

Polymer flooding is one of the most important technologies for enhanced oil recovery. In this article, a mixed-integer optimal control model of distributed parameter systems (DPS) for the injection strategies is established, which involves the performance index as maximum of the profit, the governing equations as the fluid flow equations of polymer flooding and some inequalities constraints, such as polymer concentration and injection amount limitation. The control variables are the volume size, the injection concentration of each slug and the terminal flooding time. For the constant injection rate, the slug size is determined by the integer time stage length, and thus the integer variables are introduced in the DPS. To cope with the optimal control problem (OCP) of this DPS, a mixed-integer iterative dynamic programming incorporating a special truncation procedure to handle integer restrictions on stage lengths is proposed. First, the OCP with variable time stage lengths is transformed into a fixed time stage problem by introducing a normalised time variable. Then, the optimisation procedure is carried out at each stage and preceded backwards in a systematic way. Finally, the numerical results of an example illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

A switching robust model predictive control approach for nonlinear systems

This work considers enhancing the stability and improving the economic performance of nonlinear model predictive control in the presence of disturbances or model uncertainties. First, a robust control Lyapunov function (RCLF)-based predictive control strategy is proposed. Second, the approximate dynamic programming (ADP) is employed to further improve regulation performance. Finally, the ADP and RCLF-MPC are combined to provide a switching control scheme, which is illustrated on a CSTR example to show its effectiveness.     

Optimal control problems with a continuous inequality constraint on the state and the control

We consider an optimal control problem with a nonlinear continuous inequality constraint. Both the state and the control are allowed to appear explicitly in this constraint. By discretizing the control space and applying a novel transformation, a corresponding class of semi-infinite programming problems is derived. A solution of each problem in this class furnishes a suboptimal control for the original problem. Furthermore, we show that such a solution can be computed efficiently using a penalty function method. On the basis of these two ideas, an algorithm that computes a sequence of suboptimal controls for the original problem is proposed. Our main result shows that the cost of these suboptimal controls converges to the minimum cost. For illustration, an example problem is solved.     

多项式非线性系统局部镇定控制

针对多项式非线性系统,提出一种用于验证二次型候选Lyapunov函数的数值计算方法.在该方法中,多项式系数被分解成带自由变量的系数矩阵,将正定性验证问题转化为矩阵不等式问题求解.对于局部稳定性分析,采用多个Lyapunov函数来趋近吸引域.每个Lyapunov函数均在各指定方向上进行最大半径优化.在稳定性分析基础上,提出保收敛率的局部镇定控制器设计方法以扩大吸引域.     

Multi-stage genetic programming: A new strategy to nonlinear system modeling

This paper presents a new multi-stage genetic programming (MSGP) strategy for modeling nonlinear systems. The proposed strategy is based on incorporating the individual effect of predictor variables and the interactions among them to provide more accurate simulations. According to the MSGP strategy, an efficient formulation for a problem comprises different terms. In the first stage of the MSGP-based analysis, the output variable is formulated in terms of an influencing variable. Thereafter, the error between the actual and the predicted value is formulated in terms of a new variable. Finally, the interaction term is derived by formulating the difference between the actual values and the values predicted by the individually developed terms. The capabilities of MSGP are illustrated by applying it to the formulation of different complex engineering problems. The problems analyzed herein include the following: (i) simulation of pH neutralization process, (ii) prediction of surface roughness in end milling, and (iii) classification of soil liquefaction conditions. The validity of the proposed strategy is confirmed by applying the derived models to the parts of the experimental results that were not included in the analyses. Further, the external validation of the models is verified using several statistical criteria recommended by other researchers. The MSGP-based solutions are capable of effectively simulating the nonlinear behavior of the investigated systems. The results of MSGP are found to be more accurate than those of standard GP and artificial neural network-based models.     

Constrained tracking control of nonlinear systems

The problem of tracking control for nonlinear systems subject to bounded-control constraints is considered. A novel nonlinear, continuous-time, predictive control approach is taken. Control laws are obtained for both nonlinear systems that are affine in the control and general nonlinear systems. Efficient and reliable algorithms based on contraction mapping theorems are devised for on-line implementation. Illustrative examples are provided.