高组配焊接接头表面裂纹J积分试验研究

实际构件中大量存在着半穿型的焊接表面裂纹,对于这种力学性能不均匀三维裂纹体的弹塑性断裂力学参量的探讨还比较缺乏,利用Ｊ积分直接测试方法以及适当的理论弹性修正,对存在不同组配比的高组配焊接接头焊缝区的三维表面裂纹的Ｊ积分进行试验研究,着重讨论了接头组配比对焊接接头试样加载过程中裂纹扩展驱动力（Ｊ积分、裂纹嘴张开位移ＣＭＯＤ）、应变沿积分路径分布的影响。结果表明,焊接接头试样上应变的分布趋势取决于裂纹     

A J-INTEGRAL ANALYSIS OF CRACKS IN OVERMATCHED WELDED JOINTS

The effects of material inhomogeneity and weld width of the overmatched welded joints with alongitudinal crack or flaw upon the J-interal,a characterizing parameter for elastoplasticfracture,have been studied.The overmatched weld is idealized to be a parallelly cracked andsandwiched hard layer,the yieht stress of which is higher than that of the base metal.Numeri-cal solutions were obtained by using elastoplastic finite element method under the assumptionof plane stress.The resuits show that the values of J-integral are remarkably affected by thematerial inhomogeneity ant the weld width especially when the nominal stress or nominalstrain is comparatively high,which,therfore,should be taken into account when evaluatingthe crack driving force for an overmatched joint.     

高匹配焊接接头裂纹的J积分研究

本文研究了含有纵向裂纹或缺陷的高匹配焊接接头材料不均匀性和焊缝宽度对弹塑性断裂表征参量J积分的影响规律.高匹配焊缝被理想化为含有一平行裂纹的一个硬夹层,其屈服应力高于母材.在平面应力条件下利用弹塑性有限元计算得到数值解.研究结果表明,材料不均匀性和焊缝宽度对J积分值有显著影响,特别当名义应力或名义应变较高时影响更大.因此,估算高匹配接头的裂纹推力时必须对此加以考虑.     

Effect of notch location on fatigue crack growth behavior of strength-mismatched high-strength low-alloy steel weldments

Welding of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels involves the use of low-strength, equal-strength, and high-strength filler materials (electrodes) compared with the parent material, depending on the application of the welded structures and the availability of filler material. In the present investigation, the fatigue crack growth behavior of weld metal (WM) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of undermatched (UM), equally matched (EM), and overmatched (OM) joints has been studied. The base material used in this investigation is HSLA-80 steel of weldable grade. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) has been used to fabricate the butt joints. A center-cracked tension (CCT) specimen has been used to evaluate the fatigue crack growth behavior of welded joints, utilizing a servo-hydraulic-controlled fatigue-testing machine at constant amplitude loading (R=0). The effect of notch location on the fatigue crack growth behavior of strength mismatched HSLA steel weldments also has been analyzed.     

Effects of strength matching and crack depth on the fracture parameters for welded joints

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｍａｔｃｈｉｎｇａｎｄｃｒａｃｋｄｅｐｔｈｏｎｔｈｅｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｆｏｒｗｅｌｄｅｄｊｏｉｎｔｓＴａｎｇＷｅｉａｎｄＳｈｉＹａｏｗｕ（Ｘｉ＇ａｎＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ）Ａｂｓｔｒａ...     

裂纹深度和强度组配对焊接接头断裂性能的影响

利用弹塑性有限元计算和三点弯曲试验对不同裂纹深度，不同强度组配焊接接头试样的断裂性能进行了研究，着重讨论了裂纹深度和组配的不同对焊接接头试样加载过程中塑性区形状及大小，深浅裂纹分界点，抗断性能，裂纹尖端张开位移ＣＴＯＤ，Ｊ积分的影响。结果表明，裂纹越浅。加载时塑性区域大，断裂韧性值越高，高组配焊接接头试样加载时由于塑性区扩展到母材而具有较大的塑性区，低组配焊接接头试样加载时塑性区被抑制在焊缝中，尺     

焊接接头损伤条件下的断裂力学参量数值模拟

利用弹塑性损伤-应变耦合有限元方法研究了不同强度匹配焊接接头中母材区断裂应变的变化对焊缝区裂纹断裂力学参量J积分的影响规律.结果表明,对于强度高匹配、等匹配和低匹配的焊接接头,在焊缝区各项力学性能参数保持不变的条件下,随着母材区断裂应变的减小,焊缝区的塑性应变及裂纹扩展驱动力J积分均有明显的提高;随着接头强度匹配比M的降低(母材屈服强度的升高),母材区断裂应变的变化对J积分值的影响作用减小.     

不同组配P91钢焊接接头断裂性能的试验研究

采用JR阻力曲线试验方法，研究了强度组配对P91钢焊接接头不同区域断裂性能的影响规律，并分析了不同组配P91钢焊接接头的硬度分布。结果表明，焊接热循环对其热影响区的性能没有明显的影响；低组配焊接接头焊缝区的断裂阻力要高于高组配焊接接头焊缝区的断裂阻力，即强度低组配有利于提高P91钢焊缝的抗断性能；对于熔合线区域，试验结果体现出类似的规律，即随组配比的降低，熔合线区域的抗断性能升高；而无论何种强度组配的P91钢焊接接头。其焊缝金属的抗断性能均优于熔合线区域。     

ON FATIGUE CRACK PATH DEVIATION AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE IN ELECTRON BEAM REPAIRED WELDMENTS OF TURBINE DISK

Fatigue crack growth behaviors in electron beam weldments of a nickel-base superalloy are. studied. The objective of this paper is to discuss effects of the inhomogeneity of mechanical performance on fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate and crack path deviation (CPD). The base metal served in a turbine disk of aerospace engine was selected to fabricate bead-on-plate weldments by using electron beam welding. Some wedge-type opening loading specimens, notched in three different zone of weld metal, HAZ and base metal, were employed and performed fatigue crack growth tests at 650℃. The results show that the fatigue crack growth of electron beam welded joints is instable due to the influence of mechanical heterogeneities. Owing to the crack deviation at the weld metal and heat-affected-zone (HAZ), the effective growth driving force at the tip of fatigue crack was reduced with the reduction of the effective stress intensity factor (SIF) which finally causes fatigue crack rate decrease. Fatigue crack was strongly affected by size and the symmetrical characteristics of the plastic zone at the crack tip, which means that the integrity of the welded structure containing the fatigue crack mainly depended on the toughness of the low strenqth zone.     

X80钢级管道环焊缝非均匀裂纹体断裂驱动力

采用试验测试与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了X80钢级管道环焊缝焊接热影响区的组织及其对断裂驱动力的影响.试验表征了焊接热影响区显微组织与硬度分布,研究表明热影响区存在软化现象;采用有限元数值模拟方法,将环焊缝简化为由母材、焊缝和热影响区组成的力学非均匀体,研究了焊缝匹配、焊缝宽度、软化区对环焊缝非均质裂纹体的断裂驱动力...     

力学失配对电子束焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

研究了高温合金电子束焊接接头区的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,深入分析了接头区力学失配对疲劳裂纹扩展方向及疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响规律。结果表明,由于力学不均匀性的影响,电子束焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展具有不稳定性,位于高匹配焊接区的疲劳裂纹偏离原裂纹扩展方向,跨越焊接区与母材,呈复合型扩展;焊接区疲劳裂纹的集团使得裂纹尖端有效应力强度因子减小,因而焊缝区裂尖局部有效裂纹扩展驱动力下降,导致接头的疲劳裂纹扩展速率下     

Determination of lower bound fracture toughness of a high strength low alloy steel welded joint

Abstract

The use of high strength low alloy steels for high performance structures (e.g. pressure vessels and pipelines) requires high strength consumables to produce an overmatched welded joint. This globally overmatched multipass welded joint contains two significantly different microstructures, as-welded and reheated. In this paper, the influence of weld metal microstructure on fracture behaviour is estimated in comparison with the fracture behaviour of composite microstructures (as-welded and reheated). The lower bound of fracture toughness for different microstructures was evaluated by using the modified Weibull distribution. The results, obtained using specimens with crack front through the thickness, indicated low fracture toughness, caused by strength mismatching interaction along the crack front. In the case of through thickness specimens, at least one local brittle microstructure is incorporated in the process zone at the vicinity of the crack tip. Hence, unstable fracture occurred with small, or without, stable crack propagation. Despite the fact that the differences between the impact toughness of a weld metal and the that of base metal are insignificant, the fracture toughness of a weld metal can be significantly lower.     

十字接头恒幅和变载荷历程疲劳试验结果及预测

对十字接头分别进行恒辐轴向载荷和变载荷历程疲劳试验,接头疲劳裂纹通常开始发生在焊缝根部,但如果接头变形引起的弯曲应力较大,疲劳裂纹也可能发生在焊缝趾部。本研究试图找出影响焊接接头疲劳寿命各参数之间的相互关系,并利用作者引伸的焊接接头疲劳裂纹起始－扩展模型较精确地预测复杂焊件的疲劳寿命。该模型把疲劳裂纹起始寿命看成是疲劳裂纹萌生,早期生成并聚合成主疲劳裂纹的循环次数,利用应变控制疲劳数据和Ｐａｌｍｇ     

Analysis of the Creep Behavior of P92 Steel Welded Joint

Different regions of heat-affected zone (HAZ) were simulated by heat treatment to investigate the mechanisms of the Type IV fracture of P92 (9Cr-2W) steel weldments. Creep deformation of simulated HAZ specimens with uniform microstructures was investigated and compared with those of the base metal (BM) and the weld metal (WM) specimens. The results show that the creep strain rate of the fine-grained HAZ (FGHAZ) is much higher than that of the BM, WM, the coarse-grained HAZ (CGHAZ), and the inter-critical HAZ (ICHAZ). According to the metallurgical investigation of stress-rupture, the FGHAZ and the ICHAZ have the most severely cavitated zones. During creep process, carbides become coarser, and form on grain boundaries again, leading to the deterioration of creep property and the decline of creep strength. In addition, the crack grows along the FGHAZ adjacent to the BM in the creep crack growth test (CCG) of HAZ.     

Corrosion fatigue behavior of dissimilar metal weldments under nominal constant ΔK loading mode in a simulated BWR coolant environment

Corrosion fatigue behavior of the dissimilar metal weldment, Alloy 52-A508, under a simulated BWR coolant condition was studied. Corrosion fatigue crack growth rates of the dissimilar metal weldments were observed to increase with crack extension under the nominal constant ΔK loading mode. It could be accounted for by a decrease in the Cr and Ni contents and the crack closure effect with the weld depth. Finite element analysis on the welding residual stress was performed. The trend of analytical results agreed well with that of the residual stress measurements obtained by a hole-drilling strain gauge method.     

不锈钢焊接凝固裂纹应力应变场数值模拟结果分析

对不锈钢凝固裂纹的驱动力即熔池尾部应变场进行了模拟.首先,通过单元再生方案,消除了焊接构件中熔池变形对熔池尾部应力应变场的影响.其次,通过加大材料的线膨胀系数,考虑了凝固收缩对熔池尾部应力应变场的影响,最终得到了各种条件下的焊接应力 -应变场.此外,本文将机械应变随时间变化的关系曲线处理成机械应变随温度变化的关系曲线,从而获得了凝固裂纹驱动力,为凝固裂纹的预测奠定了基础.     

Stress/strain distributions for weld metal solidification crack in stainless steels

0　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷｈｅｔｈｅｒｗｅｌｄｍｅｔａｌｓｏｌｉｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｃｒａｃｋｏｃｃｕｒｓｏｒｎｏｔｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ[1,2]:ｔｈｅＢｒｉｔｔｌｅＴｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅＲａｎｇｅ(ＢＴＲ)ｏｆｔｈｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ,ｉｔｓｄｕｃｔｉｌｉｔｙｉｎＢＴＲ,ｔｈａｔｉｓ,ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｔｏｔｈｅｃｒａｃｋ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｓｔｒａｉｎｉｎｔｈｅＢＴＲ,ｔｈａｔｉｓ,ｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｄｒｉｖｉｎｇｆｏｒｃｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｃｒａｃｋ.…     

焊接接头强度组配对CTOD的影响

利用模拟焊接接头试样三点弯曲试验的方法,就焊接接头强度组配对其断裂性能的影响进行了研究。发现不同的焊接接头强度组配对其断裂韧性和裂纹扩展驱动力有不同程度的影响,在考虑强度组配对焊接接头的断裂性能的影响时,必须从材料的断裂韧性变化和裂纹扩展驱动力变化的两个方面来考虑。     

应力比和频率对低合金钢腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展机理的影响

在理论分析裂尖局部应变、应变速率及溶解速度的基础上、实验测定了低合金钢ZG20SiMn,SM50B—Zc的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率,并随着裂纹的扩展测定了裂纹内和裂纹尖端的pH值和金属电极电位、指出降低频率和增加应力比所导致的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率的增加部分主要来自于氢脆的加速作用