数字摄像能见度仪的能见度算法设计及实现

针对传统能见度仪的不足,在已有的研究结果上,设计了数字摄像能见度仪的能见度算法,其中白天能见度采用双亮度差法,并作出改进使其有更大的适用环境;夜间能见度采用双光源法.整套算法通过CCD摄像机、图像采集卡和计算机平台得到实现.实验结果证明,该算法能够解决在气柱分布不均匀的情况下能见度无法准确观测的问题,提高了现有能见度的观测范围.将实验结果和前向散射仪及大气透射仪测量结果进行相关性对比,得到了较好的一致性,误差范围在国际标准的误差要求之内.     

四探头双光路新型气象能见度仪的研究

介绍了一种技术先进的能见度自动观测仪,这种能见度仪与国内目前的能见度仪相比也是前向散射能见度,由于它采用独特的双光路设计,能消除测量误差并简化校准过程,共有4个探头进行观测,不但保证了观测精度,还提高了可靠性.     

基于FIR滤波器的高速公路低能见度检测仪

能见度是影响高速公路交通安全的重要因素,低能见度天气,特别是具有突发性和随机性的团雾极易引起交通事故,对高速公路沿线能见度进行实时检测和预警是保证交通安全的重要措施.前向散射式能见度仪具有体积小、成本低,便于安装等特点,适用于高速公路沿线能见度检测.针对高速公路低能见度检测需要,设计了基于FIR滤波器的能见度检测系统,...     

基于红外散射原理的能见度仪设计

介绍了一种红外散射能见度仪的原理和设计方法.实践表明,访设备在功能、性能和精度上达到国际领先水平.     

改进的基于图像边缘的能见度反演方法

针对现有的基于图像边缘的能见度计算方法效果不理想的问题,提出一种改进的基于图像边缘检测求能见度的方法。相对于原有的方法,该方法首先选取目标图像并用sift算法对其进行模板匹配,然后利用离散Shearlet变换提取边缘特征,再将这些特征和前向散射式能见度仪测量的数据进行线性拟合,建立它们之间的关系式,从而求出能见度。实验结果表明,该算法相对于sobel算法和小波变换算法,相对误差减少了2.761%和1.607%,计算的准确性和有效性明显得到改善。     

基于嵌入式计算机的激光雷达能见度仪的设计

针对不良能见度天气下的交通运输安全需求,设计了一台可用于水平及斜程能见度测量的激光雷达能见度仪.该仪器以嵌入式计算机PCM-3370E为控制和数据处理核心,实现对激光器、光子计数卡、门控电路工作时序的控制及能见度反演.在收发光学单元良好工作的基础上,通过易于操作的人机交互界面获得大气能见度的客观、便捷测量.     

无需人工标记的视频对比度道路能见度检测

为了解决传统的能见度仪价格昂贵、采样有限,及已有的一些视频测量手段需人工标记物、稳定性差等不足,提出基于路况视频对比度的能见度检测算法,进而构建无需人工标记的能见度检测系统.通过分析车道分割线,提取兴趣域,以确保所选像素的高度一致;解析各像素相对于其四邻的对比度,所取的最大值若大于给定阈值即为人眼可分辨像素;结合摄像机标定来计算距摄像机最远的可视像素,并通过Kalman滤波器滤除干扰,得到能见度值.该系统充分利用已有的路况图像,稳定性高、成本低、检测精度高,具有广阔的应用前景.     

数字能见度仪中目标物自动定位技术

针对相机抖动和旋转造成的观测目标物定位不准确的问题, 提出了新颖的快速抗旋转匹配算法, 该方法利用与运算形成卷积运算的模式, 使匹配时间呈指数级下降. 大量实验结果表明, 利用该算法, 数字摄像能见度仪的目标物自动定标准确, 单次定标时间平均为24.2 ms, 在相同情况下比原始算法至少快200倍以上, 且观测准确度比普通算法提升7倍多, 比手动定位观测提升将近5倍. 基于该算法的数字摄像能见度仪测量结果符合世界气象组织对能见度仪研制标准的要求, 且价格更低, 具有广阔的应用前景.     

道路能见度监测方法的比较和研究

道路能见度检测是智能交通的一个重要的组成部分。在比较系统地阐述了可用于道路能见度监测的方法及特点的基础上,提出了一种改进的散射光测量方法,实验表明:该方法具有前向散射法优点,同时,可大大减少环境灰尘、激光器老化引起功率下降等因素对系统的影响,可提高系统测量的可靠性。     

机场能见度仪光学头部温度控制

介绍了一种温度控制系统，用于机场透射式能见度仪的光学头温度控制，该系统通过发射和接收单元对能见度仪的光学头部进行温度控制，包括光学头腔体恒温控制及保护窗加热控制，前可使光学头的腔体内部保持恒定工作温度，后可防止光学头保护窗表面水汽凝结。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.