FBG传感器在隧道锚杆支护结构监测中的应用研究

在应用新奥法进行隧道施工中,锚杆支护是重要支护形式之一,而如何监测该结构的应变特性是其中关键.提出了将FBG传感器应用于隧道锚杆支护结构的监测.现场试验表明:FBG传感器能够很好地实现对锚杆支护工程的监测.     

多线圈磁电感应的逆压电式FBG磁场传感器

将光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)的传感检测技术、直流发电机内部结构的磁电感应原理及压电陶瓷的逆压电效应相结合,研制了一种多线圈磁电感应的逆压电式FBG磁场传感器.设计中采用多线圈磁电感应,输出电流的变化变小,测量均匀磁场的多线圈磁电感应的逆压电式FBG传感器的灵敏度和准确率都能显著提高.对设计的磁场传感器进行了正反行程的重复性测试,并进行对比分析.测试结果表明:该磁场传感器的灵敏度为0.1128 pm/Gs,迟滞为6.61％FS,重复性误差为6.29 ％FS.     

一种超磁致伸缩材料和声表面波谐振器构成的复合磁传感器

设计了一种新的超磁致伸缩材料和声表面波谐振器构成的复合磁传感器.该传感器将超磁致伸缩材料在磁场中产生的应力应变传递到声表面波谐振器上,改变其谐振频率,通过对谐振频率的检测进行磁场测量.该传感器可以用于静态和动态磁场测量,并且可用作无源、无线磁传感器.主要分析了该结构用于静态磁场测量的原理,给出了实验结果.传感器谐振频率的变化对于静态磁场变化的灵敏度可达132 Hz/Oe,谐振频率测量分辨率在1 Hz时,磁场测量分辨率可达10-7T数量级.     

微弱应变测量传感器设计及应用

通过对现有磁致伸缩系数测量方法的分析,提出了一种非平衡电桥法测定磁致伸缩系数的新方法,并设计制作了微弱应变测量传感器,获得了温度在295 K时铁—镓(Fe-Ga)合金材料在0~60 mT磁场中的关系曲线,并建立了磁致伸缩系数与磁场的关系公式.实验结果表明:传感器能够稳定和精确地获取磁致伸缩系数,为精确测量磁致伸缩材料在磁场中的变化特性开辟了新途径,在一定程度上,解决了当前实验仪器研究中存在的超微弱信号极难测量和稳定性的问题,为以后相关仪器的研究提供了范例,可作进一步推广.     

FBG传感器在PHC管桩竖向静载试验中的应用

根据目前FBG传感器在混凝土管桩中的应用现状,介绍了FBG传感器的数据处理原理,针对试验中最易发生破坏的环节,提出了一种可靠的FBG传感器埋设工艺,结合现场PHC管桩竖向静载试验,将试验数据与传统电阻应变片测试技术相比。试验结果表明:FBG传感器存活率高达97.06%,测试数据可靠,测试精度满足工程要求,FBG传感器完全可以应用到PHC管桩竖向静载试验中。     

基于AWG的波分/时分复用FBG传感器网络研究

为了充分利用传感器网络在频域和时域上的丰富资源,提出了一种采用WDM/TDM的网络复用技术的新型分布式FBG传感器网络设计方案.将FBG传感器利用阵列波导光栅(AWG)进行波分复用,并利用程控光开关对波分复用信道中的每一个FBG传感器进行时分复用.网络中的传感器数量可达几百只.以可调法布里-珀罗(F-P)滤波器和数字信号处理器为核心的解调模块,通过布设的参考FBG能够对F-P滤波器特征曲线进行实时校正,提高了解调准确度.传感过程实现了自动化.该传感器网络可以对矿井、地下隧道等危险环境进行实时温度测量、预警,具有很好的应用前景.     

磁致位移传感器检测线圈和驱动脉冲优化设计

在磁致伸缩式位移传感器中,检测线圈和驱动脉冲的设计直接影响整个系统的精度.基于弹性波理论和法拉第电磁感应定律,分析了加载在波导丝上的驱动脉冲和检测线圈的各项特性参数对感应波形的影响,通过试验选择了同时满足理论推导和实际应用的最佳值并进行了相关参数优化设计.经试验验证,优化后的传感器系统能够输出高信噪比的前端感应信号.     

磁致伸缩触觉传感器的输出特性研究

基于逆磁致伸缩效应和仿生学原理设计了一种新型的磁致伸缩触觉传感器,应用传感器可以测试机械手抓取力和目标物体刚度,根据电磁学理论、逆磁致伸缩效应和胡克定理,建立了触觉传感器的接触力检测模型和刚度检测模型,制作了磁致伸缩触觉传感器,通过磁场调节装置优化了传感器结构,确定了接触力检测和刚度检测方法,对传感器的输出特性进行了理 论分析和实验验证。结果表明,在偏置磁场为2.56ｋＡ/ｍ 时,传感器在0~1Ｎ接触力下有较高的灵敏度,输出电压相对于未施加力时的最大变化值为22.8ｍＶ,该传感器具有结构简单、性能稳定等优点,可以满足机械手对触觉精确感知的要求。     

B/S模式的FBG信号远程监控系统设计

采用B/S结构作为监控系统的基本架构,开发了光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)远程监测系统.通过访问Web网络可以在浏览器界面查看FBG解调系统检测的FBG传感器数据.研究结果表明:通过查询2014年11月28日～2014年12月27日期间应变桩FBG应变传感器应变变化的时序曲线图与边坡上表面FBG位移传感器位移变化的时序曲线图,能够及时了解到不同监测对象的物理变化量.通过远程实时观察传感器数据信息,为工程的安全监测提供了依据.     

光纤Bragg光栅传感器及其应用

基于光纤B ragg光栅(FBG)特点及传感原理,将其应用在电气设备的绝缘故障检测中。电气设备的绝缘故障发生之前,通常伴随热传递,而FBG对温度非常敏感,因而,可以通过FBG传感器监测温度来确定电气设备是否有绝缘故障发生。试验结果显示:FBG抗干扰能力强,可在恶劣环境下工作,且温度分辨力为0.1℃,能够得到较传统传感器更好的效果。介绍了一种通过监测温度来检测高压设备故障的方法,阐述了高压设备故障在线监测系统的功能和应用。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.