论包钢转炉钢铁料消耗及其降低途径

本文规范了钢铁料消耗的计算方法，明确了各项内容的范围，以及钢铁料消耗所包括的指标，从而导出钢铁料消耗的计算公式。根据以上公式对包钢转炉钢铁料消耗进行了分析，并指出降低钢铁消耗的途径。     

钢铁料消耗影响因素分析与工艺实践

介绍红钢钢铁料消耗现状，分析了钢铁料消耗指标的影响因素，提出了降低钢铁料消耗的措施。在生产实践中取得了良好的经济效益。     

钢铁料消耗影响因素探讨与生产实践

介绍了钢铁料消耗计算口径与涟钢转炉炼钢厂钢铁料消耗现状；从喷溅和吹损上分析了钢铁料消耗的影响因素；提出了降低钢铁料消耗的措施，并在生产实践中取得了良好的经济效益。     

钢铁料消耗的合理测算与管理

简要介绍了武钢第一炼钢厂在降低钢铁料消耗方面，包括钢铁料消耗的合理测算，实际完成情况以及在降低钢铁料消耗上采取的管理和技术措施．取得的成果和经济效益．     

棒材厂降低转炉钢铁料消耗实践

在炼钢生产中，钢铁料成本占炼钢生产总成本的72％左右，因此抓好钢铁料成本是控制炼钢生产成本的关键。为进一步减少钢铁料消耗，棒材厂炼钢线通过强化钢铁料精细管理，优化人炉原料结构，改进冶炼工艺，有效提高了转炉钢水收得率、钢水成坯率，降低了钢铁料消耗，增加了企业经济效益和社会效益。     

优化转炉钢铁料消耗指标的探讨

就马钢为优化转炉钢铁料消耗指标,需要在钢铁料料消耗的技术管理与降低钢铁料消耗需要开展的技术攻关方面进行了分析,并提出建议。     

转炉炼钢厂降低钢铁料消耗的认识与实践

本文以原冶金部的有关规定为基础，通过理论推导，加深了对钢铁料消耗本质的认识，人而有力地指导降低钢铁料消耗的工作实践。本文重点介绍了重钢近几年在降低钢铁料消耗工作的主要技术思路与实践，并总结了近几年在工作中取得的成效，以供转炉全连铸炼钢厂在降耗降成本工作中参考。     

对钢铁料影响因素与生产优化的探讨

钢铁料消耗是指每炼1吨钢需要多少千克钢铁料,它是炼钢的一个主要技术经济指标。钢铁料成本在炼钢总成本中占80%左右,钢铁料消耗指标的高低直接反映了炼钢企业的盈利能力和管理水平。从某种意义说炼钢企业降低了钢铁料消耗就意味着增加了企业收入,因此,炼钢企业不断优化钢铁料消耗指标,对提高企业经济效益和产品竞争力具有十分重要的意义。一、炼钢企业钢铁料消耗现状与特点近年来受上游原材料涨价和下游钢材价格下滑的双重挤压,钢铁行业的利润空间越来越小,企业通过内部挖潜降低钢铁料消耗的工作越来越受到重视。经过加强管理和科技进步,整…     

酒钢炼钢一工序钢铁料消耗的测算与分析

按酒钢炼钢一工序2007年实际情况,对钢铁料消耗进行了测算,结合2006年、2007年实际控制情况进行了对比分析,提出了在炼钢一工序现状条件以及目前钢铁料消耗核算制度下,主要影响钢铁料消耗指标的因素,并对进一步降低钢铁料消耗提出了建议。     

酒钢炼钢-工序钢铁料消耗的测算与分析

按酒钢炼钢-工序2007年实际情况,对钢铁料消耗进行了测算,结合2006年、2007年实际控制情况进行了对比分析,提出了在炼钢-工序现状条件以及目前钢铁料消耗核算制度下,主要影响钢铁料消耗指标的因素,并对进一步降低钢铁料消耗提出了建议。     

Ten frequently asked questions about implicit measures and their frequently supposed, but not entirely correct answers.

Self-report measures are often criticised for their susceptibility to self-presentation and their inability to capture mental contents that are inaccessible to introspection. Over the past decade, researchers have attempted to overcome these problems by means of implicit measures, which infer mental contents from participants’ performance on experimental paradigms. In the present article I provide an overview of the currently available implicit measures and discuss 10 common assumptions about these measures. I argue that many of these assumptions are either inconsistent with the available evidence or theoretically problematic for conceptual reasons. Nevertheless, implicit measures have proven their usefulness in predicting behaviours that are difficult to predict with traditional self-report measures. Thus, even though implicit measures may not be able to provide the information that is sometimes attributed to these measures, they represent a valuable addition to the toolbox of psychological instruments in understanding the determinants of human behaviour. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Neurophysiological markers of vulnerability to schizophrenia: Sensitivity and specificity of specific quantitative eye movement measures.

Eye-tracking deficits in schizophrenic patients and relatives have generated interest in using eye movements to mark schizophrenia liability. Efforts to develop specific quantitative measures have provided insight into the nature of the deficit and suggested what underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are involved. This study used receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to evaluate and compare the sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of predicting disease liability using single and combined specific and global quantitative measures. Results indicate that measures of predictive pursuit and leading saccades significantly increased predictive accuracy compared with traditional global measures. Combining specific measures provided greater predictive accuracy compared with single measures. Implications for the use of specific eye movement measures to define schizophrenia-related phenotypes in genetic studies are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An empirical comparison of methods of sampling aggression and victimization in school settings.

Methods of identifying aggressive/bullying and victimized youngsters in a middle school sample were compared. First, the authors compared teachers' and research associates' ratings of students' aggression and found that the 2 measures were significantly correlated. Second, direct observations of youngsters' aggression and victimization were compared with indirect, diary measures kept by youngsters of the same behaviors. The measures were not interrelated, but the diary measures were related to the peer and self-report measures, whereas the direct observations were related to peer and teacher measures. Third, the authors compared the ability of different peer and self-report measures to identify youngsters at different levels of aggression and victimization severity. All measures were associated, even at low levels of severity. Results are discussed in terms of different instruments that provide information on public and private behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A psychometric perspective on psychophysiological measures.

Psychophysiological measures are a useful complement to self-report or behavioral measures because they can assess fundamentally different processes or more sensitively assess the same processes as those targeted by other types of measures. To be maximally beneficial, psychophysiological measures must meet the psychometric criteria that are commonly applied to self-report or behavioral measures. Empirical findings to date indicate that the temporal stability of psychophysiological measures thought to assess individual differences is variable and that researchers should devote more attention to systematic assessment of reliability, stability, and generalizability. The most critical psychometric issue involves construct validity and the establishment of linkages between psychophysiological measures and specific psychological processes. Several methodological and conceptual reasons for the difficulties that researchers encounter in the attempt to establish such linkages are discussed. Methodological guidelines for maximizing the reliability, temporal stability, and psychological meaningfulness of psychophysiological measures are proposed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults.

Four language sample measures as well as measures of vocabulary, verbal fluency, and memory span were obtained from a sample of young adults and a sample of older adults. Factor analysis was used to analyze the structure of the vocabulary, fluency, and span measures for each age group. Then an "extension" analysis was performed by using structural modeling techniques to determine how the language sample measures were related to the other measures. The measure of grammatical complexity was associated with measures of working memory including reading span and digit span. Two measures, sentence length in words and a measure of lexical diversity, were associated with the vocabulary measures. The fourth measure, propositional density, was associated with the fluency measures as a measure of processing efficiency. The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults is somewhat different, suggesting age differences in processing efficiency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tactile measures in the structure of intelligence.

This study investigated the relationship of tactile abilities within the framework of a hierarchical structure of mental abilities. Data were analysed from 229 participants who were administered tactile measures from the Dean-Woodcock Sensory Motor Battery along with a battery of conormed cognitive measures representative of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model of intelligence. Multiple measures of tactile performance were used including Palm Writing and Object Identification, and each measure included a lateralized measure (i.e., right/left). Factor analytic results suggest tactile measures have a significant relationship with measures of cognitive ability. In this study, tactile measures involving object identification were more related to cognitive measures of visual processing-speed and overall processing speed; whereas, tactile measures involving the recognition of numbers written on the palm of the hand produced high loadings on a separate factor. Results from this study suggest different tactile measures may differentially load on cognitive factors depending on the common processing demands of the tactile and cognitive measures. Suggestions for differentiating common processing demands between tactile and cognitive measures are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Validity of social skills measures for assessing social competence in low-status children: A multivariate investigation.

Investigated the validity of the 3 types of measures that are frequently used to measure social competence in children. Data were collected on 40 3rd- and 4th-grade low-sociometric-status Ss using 2 sociometric rating scales, 3 peer nomination measures, and 4 categories of behavioral observations. All of the measures were collected 3 times. Findings support previous claims that rating-scale measures and nomination measures assess different dimensions of sociometric status. Behavioral measures emerged as a separate factor suggesting that these measures assess a dimension of social competence that is independent from popularity or peer acceptance. (40 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Calibration of measures for psychotherapy outcome studies.

Many findings in psychology, including those in psychotherapy, lack interpretability because measures are not in any meaningful metric. Measures need to be calibrated so as to endow them with inherent meaning. In particular, it is important to calibrate measures against behavior and real events in people's lives. Approaches to calibrating measures include calibration against direct personal experience, against cross-experiential equivalents, and against cross-modal equivalents, to reflect empirically established behavioral implications as well as just noticeable differences in behavior or between people. Psychological measures may never be as closely calibrated as those for physical properties, but wider reporting of unstandardized regression equations would be of great help. Psychological measures also need to be calibrated against each other so as to permit easy transformations of values or substitutions of measures. Finally, greater standardization of measures is recommended so as to produce better bases for calibration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Generalizability theory: a unified approach to assessing the dependability (reliability) of measurements in the health sciences

The reliability of health promotion program evaluation measures, behavioral and attitudinal measures, and clinical measures is a concern to many health educators. Classical reliability coefficients, such as Cronbach's alpha, apply to narrowly defined, prespecified measurement situations. Classical theory does not provide adequate reliability assessments for criterion-referenced measures, for measurement situations having multiple sources of error, or for aggregate-level variables. Generalizability theory can be used to assess the reliability of measures in these situations that are not adequately modeled by Classical theory. Additionally, Generalizability theory affords a broader view and a deeper understanding of the dependability of measurements and the role of different sources of error in the variability of measures.