添加剂的浓度对非离子表面活性剂AEO9浊点的影响

各类添加剂都能对非离子表面活性剂的浊点产生影响.今研究了离子型表面活性剂、增溶物和电解质类添加剂在不同浓度下对非离子表面活性剂AEO9浊点的影响.其中离子型表面活性剂和增溶物类添加剂可在极低的浓度上改变AEO9的浊点,且随着添加剂加入浓度的增加,AEO9的浊点也逐渐增加,当添加剂浓度达到离子型表面活性剂或增溶物的临界胶束浓度时,AEO9的浊点将出现急剧上升.而电解质类添加剂对AEO9浊点的影响表现出具有临界浓度现象,只有当添加剂的浓度达到相应的临界浓度之后,具有盐析效应的电解质将使AEO9浊点线性下降,而具有盐溶效应的电解质则使AEO9浊点线性升高,且不同电解质相应的临界浓度随着其阴离子的感胶离子数的增大而线性增加,同时其对AEO9浊点的改变程度则随着阴离子的感胶离子数的增大而线性下降.     

聚醚型非离子表面活性剂的浊点及其影响因素

总结了非离子表面活性剂浓度、外加聚合物、离子表面活性剂、无机电解质、助表面活性剂等对聚醚型非离子表面活性剂水溶液浊点的影响规律 ,发现聚合物由于其结构和分子量不同对浊点的影响也不同 ,一般可使浊点降低 ;加入离子表面活性剂可以和非离子表面活性剂形成混合胶束 ,从而使浊点升高 ;无机盐由于存在盐析和盐溶两种不同效应而对浊点的影响比较复杂 ;醇和有机酸等助表面活性剂根据其碳链的长短不同而影响浊点。这些规律对非离子表面活性剂的研究和应用有一定的指导意义。     

非离子表面活性剂浊点应用研究进展

本文综述了非离子表面活性剂浊点预测的各种模型,阐述了实用配方中添加剂对非离子表面活性剂浊点的影响因素及浊点测定的新方法。     

添加剂对非离子表面活性剂DYNOL-604浊点的影响

Dynol -604是一种新型的亲油性非离子表面活性剂 ,本文测定了一系列极性不同的有机醇(甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、正丁醇、丙二醇、丙三醇)、离子表面活性剂(SDS、CTAB)等添加剂对Dynol-604浊点的影响 ,结果表明 :有机醇对浊点的影响较复杂 ,一般表现为先升高再降低 ,而且影响幅度不大 ;SDS、CTAB可使Dynol-604的浊点大幅度升高。并对原因进行了探讨。我们认为醇对Dynol-604浊点的影响规律较复杂,是和Dynol -604特殊的结构有关的。Dynol-604在形成胶束时 ,其分子是平躺着排列在界面上的 ,而不象其它直链表面活性剂分子是竖直排列的 ;另外不同的平躺着的Dynol-604分子具有可压缩性 ,因此其截面积大小是可以变化的 ,同一种醇在Dynol-604分子形成的胶束中的增溶位置随醇浓度的变化而发生变化 ,从而出现拐点 ,另外我们还利用束缚因子对其进行了解释。离子表面活性剂的加入使Dynol-604浊点升高是因为离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂形成了混合胶束(Dynol-604的cmc的质量分数为0 03 %) ,离子表面活性剂的带电离子极性头使混合胶束的表面带有了电荷 ,增加了胶束之间的排斥力 ,阻碍了胶束之间的聚集 ,使Dynol-604浊点升高。     

十二烷基硫酸钠对非离子表面活性剂CM101浊点的影响

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对非离子表面活性剂CM101浊点的影响。结果表明:当SDS加入量为2%时,CM101的浊点提高到59.6℃,达到农药制剂热稳定性的要求。同时,该混合体系满足非理想二元表面活性剂复配增效的条件,表面张力和临界胶束浓度都有明显降低。     

非离子表面活性剂的结构与性能的关系

从非离子表面活性剂的结构出发,对非离子表面活性剂的表面吸附、表面张力、浊点、润湿与渗透、洗涤及泡沫性能做出了分析,并总结了非离子表面活性剂结构与上述性能之间的关系。     

非离子表面活性剂溶液的雾点现象

非离子表面活性剂溶液的雾点现象顾惕人（北京航空航天大学应用数理系，邮编１０００８３）较全面地评述了非离子表面活性剂的雾点现象。特别是多方面地讨论了各种添加物（包括无机盐、有机物和离子型表面活性剂）对非离子表面活性剂溶液雾点的影响。一、引言非离子表面活...     

SDS对非离子表面活性剂CM101浊点的实验分析

为深入了解掌握SDS对非离子表面活性剂CM101浊点的影响,采取实验方法,研究分析阴离子表面活性剂SDS对非离子表面活性剂CM101浊点大小的影响。通过对选取样品进行多次的实验,得出的实验结果表明:当SDS加入量为2%(W/W)时,CM101的浊点提高到59.6℃,达到农药制剂热稳定性标准要求。同时得出以下结论,非离子表面活性剂具有以下特性,即非离子表面活性剂在浊点以下能全溶于水,而在浊点以上不能全溶于水,而且非离子表面活性剂的这种特性是可逆的,且必须指出,只有非离子表面活性剂才具有浊点这一现象。     

表面活性剂对聚乙烯醇水溶液黏度影响的研究

研究了阴离子十二烷基硫酸钠、阳离子十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和非离子壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚等3种不同类型的表面活性剂对聚乙烯醇溶液黏度性质的影响。结果表明,离子型表面活性剂与聚乙烯醇发生疏水链相互作用使高聚物带有电荷,体系黏度增加;非离子表面活性剂与聚乙烯醇无相互作用,体系黏度不变;盐的加入,只对聚乙烯醇/离子型表面活性剂混合体系影响大,而对聚乙烯醇/非离子型表面活性剂混合体系无影响。     

农药微乳剂及其浊点问题的探讨和初步研究

浊点是以非离子表面活性剂为主要组分的微孔剂剂型的特性与质量技术指标之一。其浊点高低主要解决于原药性质及所含表面活性剂的种类和用量,配制微乳剂通常应该选择浊点高的非离子表面活性剂,对一般微乳剂的浊点指标建议定为≥５４℃。     

非离子表面活性剂为溶媒的浊点萃取技术

非离子表面活性剂溶液在温度高于其浊点或有一定添加物存在时,会自动形成表面活性剂浓度很小的稀相和表面活性剂浓度很高的凝聚层相,存在于这一系统的溶质将不均匀地分配于二相。文章结合研究成果,综述了这一新型浊点萃取技术的基本理论和应用,同时也介绍了浊点萃取在微生物转化中的新应用。     

Effect of additives on the clouding behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate + tetra-<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-butylammonium bromide system

The effect of additives on the cloud point (CP) of nonionic surfactants has been studied for more than six decades. Ionic surfactants, however, generally do not show clouding. Recently, CP in ionic surfactant solutions have been reported in the presence of a few quaternary bromides. In this study, we report the effect of various additives (e.g., ureas, sugars, salts, organic solvents, acids) on the CP of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) + tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (Bu₄NBr) systems. An increase in CP of the system with urea concentration is explained by its water structure-breaking ability. An opposite effect of thiourea may be due to the direct interaction of the compound with the SDS-Bu₄NBr mixed micelle. The CP-decreasing effect of sugars is due to their water structure-making ability. All the salts decrease the CP, owing to increased counterion binding. The organic solvents used here raise the CP, whereas the other organic additives decrease the CP. The overall criteria of CP variation seemingly depend upon the solubilities of the additive in the micellar interfacial region and the background solvent.     

Extraction of anionic dyes with ionic liquid–nonionic surfactant aqueous two-phase system

The cloud point of nonionic surfactant (Triton X-114) in ionic liquid ([Bmim]Cl) aqueous solution exhibits as increase and then decrease and increase again with the increase of ionic liquid (IL) content, which is the origin of an IL–nonionic surfactant aqueous two-phase system. The nonionic surfactant-rich phase coexists with a high content of IL aqueous solution phase in the IL–nonionic surfactant aqueous two-phase system. The partitioning of various ionic dyes indicates that anionic species exhibit a high partitioning coefficient between the IL-rich phase and the nonionic surfactant-rich phase.     

Microemulsion Extraction of Monascus Pigments from Nonionic Surfactant using High Polarity of Diethyl Ether as Excess Oil Phase

Stripping of organic compound from nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution is indispensable for many industrial processes. In this paper, a relatively high polarity diethyl ether was screened for forming Winsor I microemulsion, which was used for stripping of organic compound from nonionic surfactant. Setting up extractive fermentation of Monascus pigments in Triton X-100 aqueous solution as a model, cloud point extraction of Monascus pigments from fermentation broth, and back-extraction of Monascus pigments from the coacervate phase of cloud point system by Winsor I microemulsion were conducted. Monascus pigments were successfully separated from nonionic surfactant into the excess diethyl ether phase.     

Partitioning equilibria in multicomponent surfactant systems for design of surfactant-based extraction processes

Aqueous biphasic systems based on nonionic surfactants have perspective applications in extraction processes, in particular, cloud point extraction of hazardous compounds or high valued products, especially biomolecules. Additives (e.g., ionic surfactants, salts) and variations in pH can significantly affect the surfactant-based separation processes, representing an additional degree of freedom for their optimization. However, there are few systematic studies of phase and partition behavior for these multicomponent surfactant systems.In this study we examined the clouding, phase compositions and partitioning equilibria for aqueous mixed surfactant systems of a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-114), ionic surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or sodium dodecyl sulfate) and NaCl, in order to improve the extraction efficiency. Vanillin was used as a model substance at three different pH values, specifically in (partly) dissociated or non-dissociated states. The partition coefficients obtained in the batch experiments were compared to the predictions by the thermodynamic model COSMO-RS. Based on this knowledge a continuous multistep extraction process was carried out.To the best of our knowledge this is the first demonstration of using a mixed surfactant system for continuous countercurrent cloud point extraction.     

表面活性剂水溶液池热核沸腾传热的试验研究

对表面活性剂SDS、CTAB、Triton X-114和Triton X-100水溶液物性及其池核沸腾传热进行了试验,重点探讨了表面活性剂分子结构参数和溶液物性对沸腾传热的影响。结果表明：表面活性剂溶液沸腾传热效果、表面活性剂相对分子质量对表面活性剂溶液沸腾传热的影响规律都与表面活性剂的电离特性密切相关,离子型表面活性剂SDS与CTAB溶液的沸腾传热系数比值与相对分子质量的比值成－0.22的指数关系,而非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114和Triton X-100溶液不存在指数关系。动态表面张力和热流密度相等时,SDS和CTAB溶液沸腾传热特性差异主要受相对分子质量和平衡接触角的影响,而Triton X-100和Triton X-114溶液则受质量分数、EO基团数、浊点和动力黏度的综合作用。     

非离子表面活性剂缔合结构的物理化学性能研究进展

从浊点，表面张力表面吸附、胶束形成热力上行为、与离子表面活性剂的复配，与聚合物的相互作用，微乳液的热力学性质，在非水体系中的物化性能等方面总结了近年来国内外应用现代实验技术对非离子表面活性剂缔合结构物理化学性能的研究现状况，得到了许多有益的规律和结论，并对各个研究领域进行了展望。这地丰富表面活性剂的基础理论和进一步开发利用非离子表面活性剂具有重要意义。