高效节能的无线传感器网络MAC协议

媒体访问控制协议是保证无线传感器网络高效通信的关键网络协议之一,与传统网络的MAC协议不相同的是,无线传感器网络的MAC协议首要考虑的因素就是节省能量。本文介绍了MAC协议的设计要点以及协议分类,并分析了现有的各种传感器网络MAC协议。并在每一类取一个代表,LPL,S-MAC和L-MAC进行了耗能仿真比较。根据仿真结果,我们得出每个协议在其节能方面都有其特点,所以我们认为不存在一个适应所有传感器网络的MAC协议,应该根据无线传感器网络的应用选其相适应的MAC协议。     

无线传感器网络休眠MAC协议分析

无线传感器网络中每个传感器节点一般采用电池供电,能量有限,需要有效的可休眠的MAC协议来保持能量的高效利用,因此休眠MAC协议成为研究的重要方向之一。目前已经有很多种为无线传感器网络设计的MAC协议,其中一个重要的分支就是基于局部同步周期休眠／监听排程的S-MAC协议及其各种改进协议。论文首先介绍了无线传感器网络中与MAC协议设计相关的一些特性。其次对S-MAC协议的基本原理以及各种改进协议的原理进行了说明,并分析了它们各自的优缺点。     

无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究与改进

研究和分析了当前无线传感器网络(WSN)中介质访问控制(MAC)协议、IEEE802.11和IEEE802.15.4 MAC协议的各种性能,并结合传感网络介质访问协议(S-MAC)中低占空比休眠机制对IEEE802.15.4介质访问协议进行改进.用NS-2仿真软件对各种协议进行仿真,仿真结果表明改进后的MAC协议可大...     

无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究现状与展望

无线传感器网络媒体访问控制(MAC)协议是无线传感器网络的关键技术之一,它的好坏直接影响到整个网络的性能。本文深入剖析了当前典型的低能耗MAC协议,接着介绍了适用于某些特殊应用场景下的改进协议,最后通过分析,展望了未来无线传感器网络MAC协议的发展方向。     

基于无线传感器网络S-MAC协议的研究

无线传感器网络是由大量的微小节点通过无线通信技术组成的自组织网络。本文以无线传感器网络MAC层协议研究为背景,根据无线传感器网络MAC层协议的设计要求。分析了S-MAC协议的4个主要机制,并使用TinyOS操作系统中Avrora仿真平台仿真实现S—MAC协议,仿真研究表明了S-MAC协议性能的优越性。     

无线传感器网络中的MAC协议及其节能技术研究

由于受到传感器网络节点数量巨大和能量有限的限制,设计一种节能的MAC协议是非常必要的,也是当前此领域的研究重点之一.现给出了无线传感器网络中引起能量浪费的主要因素,综述了无线传感器网络MAC协议最新的研究进展,讨论了MAC层节能技术,为无线传感器网络中MAC协议的进一步研究提供了有价值的参考.     

无线多媒体传感器网络MAC协议研究综述

无线多媒体传感器网络作为一种多媒体信息获取和处理方式,已在军事、民用及商业领域中显示出广阔的应用前景.无线多媒体传感器网络涉及多方面的技术,MAC协议是其中之一.综述了多媒体传感器网络MAC协议的特点与技术上面临的挑战,从信道接入、调度、差错控制以及数据包大小4个方面着重分析了目前国内外有代表性的协议及算法,探讨了相关研究问题并展望了进一步的研究方向,分析比较了无线多媒体传感器网络MAC协议的仿真平台与工具.     

流量自适应媒体访问控制协议的研究与设计

针对媒体访问控制(MAC)协议在无线传感器网络中的作用与要求,分析了典型的MAC协议,提出流量自适应改进方案,并用NS2对其进行了性能测试.仿真结果表明,在网络节点分布较为密集,突发数据流量变化较大的网络环境中,流量自适应MAC协议的能量效率、吞吐率和网络延迟都有较大的改善.     

一种改进型自适应A-MAC算法分析与仿真

无线传感器网络的MAC协议可以利用监听/睡眠周期节约能源。对监听/睡眠周期和网络性能的关系进行了分析,研究了自适应的MAC协议及改进算法,通过动态调整节点唤醒的周期和相位来适应网络的动态变化。仿真表明改进后的协议可以减少时延,提高吞吐量和能源效率。     

MAC协议冲突概率自适应退避算法的研究与实现

针对退避策略在无线传感器网络介质访问控制(MAC)协议中的作用与要求,分析了典型的无线传感器网络MAC((S-MAC)协议的退避机制,提出网络冲突概率自适应退避算法.并用NS2对其进行了性能仿真测试,仿真结果表明,在网络节点分布较为密集、突发数据流量变化较大的网络环境中,改进后的方案在能量效率和吞吐量方面都有较大的改善.     

无线传感器网络MAC层协议的分析比较

无线传感器网络是一种由大量廉价微型传感器节点组成,并通过无线通信方式形成的多跳自组织网络,可用于对其部署区域的某些物理量进行智能监测。由于传感器节点数目较大,MAC协议是保证无线传感器网络高效通信的关键网络协议之一。另一方面,因为传感器节点受到电源能量有限、通信能力有限、计算和存储能力有限等现实条件的限制,传感器网络中的MAC协议又具有一些独特之处。对无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究现状进行较全面的考察,分析比较其中的几种典型MAC协议,并提出了该领域的发展趋势和未来工作的一些思路。     

无线传感器MAC层协议的分析和研究

无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)一般由部署在监测区域内大量廉价微型传感器节点组成,通过无线通信方式形成一个多跳(mutli hop)的自组织(self organizing)网络系统。MAC层协议设计是无线传感器网络设计中的一个重要研究方面,通过对当前众多MAC协议的研究,提出了一种无线传感器网络MAC层协议的分类方法,通过分析比较典型的MAC层协议,给出了MAC层协议设计的评价标准。     

低占空比无线传感器网络中MAC协议研究进展

无线传感器网络(WSN)是一种多跳自组织网络,它由大量具有有限能力的节点组成,在工业、农业、交通、国防等领域具有广泛应用.为了减少节点的能量消耗,延长网络的生命周期,近年来逐渐出现了基于低占空比技术(Low-Duty-Cycle)的WSN,简称LDC-WSN.在LDC-WSN中,节点在一个工作周期内大部分时间处于睡眠状态,只有极少时间内处于工作状态.MAC协议是实现LDC-WSN中节点睡眠调度的关键,对LDC-WSN保持正常工作并获得理想的工作性能具有非常重要的意义.针对LDC-WSN中MAC协议的研究仍处于起步阶段,是目前研究的热点.对当前研究进行综述,详细介绍和分析LDC-WSN中最具代表性和较新的MAC协议.通过对比和总结当前工作的优缺点,明确了目前存在的问题和难点,为未来更深入的研究指明了方向.     

无线传感网混合类MAC协议研究综述

在无线传感网( WSN)体系结构中,介质访问控制( MAC)协议负责调配网络中节点的信道接入,具有保障网络高效通信的重要作用。混合类MAC 协议综合了竞争类MAC 协议以及调度类MAC协议的特点,在融合两种机制的优点的同时克服其缺点,为无线信道资源的分配提供了更加灵活和全面的策略。首先概述了无线传感网MAC协议设计要点及分类,然后重点分析了无线传感网中经典的混合类MAC协议及国内外前沿的研究进展,并进一步归纳对比了各协议运行机制、性能及不足,得出混合类MAC协议的应用相关性及差异性的结论,最后总结了无线传感网混合类MAC协议研究现状并指出了未来的研究重点,以期为相关领域的研究人员提供参考。     

基于WSN的能量高效MAC协议研究

介质访问控制(medium access control,MAC)协议能效性直接影响着无线传感器网络的寿命.在阐述能量消耗分布及造成无效功耗原因的基础上,分析了MAC协议的性能评价指标和分类方法;重点围绕能量高效,比较研究了当前一些重要的MAC协议,结果表明不存在满足所有要求的协议,仅仅是在各性能间优化折中;最后展望了无线传感器网络MAC协议进一步的研究趋势.     

Towards a classification of energy aware MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks

Power management is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because wireless sensor nodes are usually battery powered, and an efficient use of the available battery power becomes an important concern specially for those applications where the system is expected to operate for long durations. This necessity for energy efficient operation of a WSN has prompted the development of new protocols in all layers of the communication stack. Provided that, the radio transceiver is the most power consuming component of a typical sensor node, large gains can be achieved at the link layer where the medium access control (MAC) protocol controls the usage of the radio transceiver unit. MAC protocols for sensor networks differ greatly from typical wireless networks access protocols in many issues. MAC protocols for sensor networks must have built‐in power conservation, mobility management, and failure recovery strategies. Furthermore, sensor MAC protocols should make performance trade‐off between latency and throughput for a reduction in energy consumption to maximize the lifetime of the network. This is in general achieved through duty cycling the radio transceiver. Many MAC protocols with different objectives were proposed for wireless sensor networks in the literature. Most of these protocols take into account the energy efficiency as a main objective. There is much more innovative work should be done at the MAC layer to address the hard unsolved problems. In this paper, we first outline and discuss the specific requirements and design trade‐offs of a typical wireless sensor MAC protocol by describing the properties of WSN that affect the design of MAC layer protocols. Then, a typical collection of wireless sensor MAC protocols presented in the literature are surveyed, classified, and described emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages whenever possible. Finally, we present research directions and identify open issues for future medium access research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SPEECH‐MAC: Special purpose energy‐efficient contention‐based hybrid MAC protocol for WSN and Zigbee network

Energy‐efficient Zigbee‐based wireless sensor network (WSN) occupies a major role in emergency‐based applications. The foremost drawback of such applications is maintaining the battery power because frequent changing is not possible in those conditions. In the earlier days, several researches created new model MAC protocols in terms of increase the lifetime of the WSN. But still, there is a research gap particularly in emergency applications. In order to improve the lifetime of such applications, we introduced a novel hybrid MAC protocol, namely, special purpose energy‐efficient contention‐based hybrid MAC (SPEECH‐MAC) protocol. This protocol includes dual hop concept considerably to save the energy. Both the single hop network and the dual hop networks are developed, and the results are analyzed. Prioritization mechanism for SPEECH‐MAC protocol is introduced to analyze the emergency conditions in detail. In summary, according to the simulation, the calculated parameters are total residual energy, end‐to‐end delay, packet drop, packet delivery ratio, and network throughput.     

Energy-efficient MAC protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Designing energy-efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols has a significant influence on the energy performance of wireless sensor network (WSN). In this paper we present a survey of the recent typical MAC protocols regarding energy effi ciency for WSN. According to channel access policies, we classify these protocols into four categories:contention-based, TDMA-based, hybrid, and cross layer protocols, in which the advantages and disadvantages in each class of MAC protocols are discussed. Finally, we point out open research issues that need to carry on to achieve high energy efficiency for the design of MAC protocols in WSN.     

A Distributed MAC Protocol Using Virtual Control Channels for CRSNs

A cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) is a promising fusion network that combines conventional wireless sensor network (WSN) with cognitive radio (CR) functionalities. With abilities to sense for available channels and to adapt to the radio environment, a CRSN is able to be more opportunistic in accessing spectrums than a WSN, but it also has problems due to hardware constraints and energy limitations. In many studies on distributed CR MAC protocols, establishing dedicated control channels (DCCs) has been considered as an important problem because it is essentially used for coordination and negotiation of spectrum assignments. However, directly applying DCCs into CRSNs is impractical, due to its high-cost complexity in hardware and deployment. To solve it, in this paper we propose a distributed MAC protocol using virtual control channels for CRSNs, in which CR sensor nodes called secondary users are grouped into clusters, and commonly shared available channels are utilized as virtual DCCs. In addition, a channel selection scheme is developed, based on an approximated partially observable Markov decision process. Our numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed MAC protocol can not only improve the throughput rate but also reduce the energy consumption under no DCCs.