局部形状可调插值曲线曲面及其参数选取方案

以形状可调插值曲线曲面为研究主题的文献多数侧重于分析曲线曲面性质,少有文献介绍可调插值曲线曲面的构造方法,以及调节参数的选取方案。这里以3次Hermite插值曲线为基础,通过在导矢中引入参数来构造形状可调插值曲线,将曲线按照插值数据进行整理,即可得到含参数的插值基函数,进而由之构造张量积插值曲面。为了帮助设计者寻找合适的参数,提供了4种用于确定曲线中形状参数的准则,其中的3种还推广应用于曲面,每种准则都提供了可以直接使用的公式。所给可调插值曲线曲面的构造方法以及参数选取方案具有一般性,数值实例验证了方案的有效性。     

形状可调插值曲线曲面的参数选择

目的 因大多数插值基函数中的参数都是全局参数,从而导致插值曲线曲面的形状无法进行局部调整。另外,当插值曲线曲面形状可调时,也存在如何选择参数才能获得形状较为理想的曲线曲面的问题,为此给出一种无需反求控制顶点、包含局部形状调整参数、具有显式表达式、能重构部分二次曲线曲面的插值曲线曲面构造方法,同时给出易于使用的形状参数确定方案。方法 基于经典3次Hermite插值曲线的Bernstein基函数表达形式,将其中的Bernstein基换成已证明具有全正性的一组三角基函数,根据三角基的端点性质调整曲线表达式以保证其插值性,然后设定插值数据点处的导向量,在其中引入参数,并保证相邻曲线段之间的连续性,得到了一种新的三角基插值曲线。结果 新曲线可以整理成以待插值数据点为控制顶点与一组插值基函数的线性组合形式,插值基表达式简单,插值曲线含一组局部形状调整参数,一个参数的改变只影响一条曲线段的形状,相邻曲线段之间G¹连续,曲线可以重构椭圆。根据不同目标给出了3种用于确定曲线中形状参数的准则,每种准则都提供了可以直接使用的公式。相应的插值曲面具有与插值曲线类似的性质。结论 形状参数选取准则的给出使含参数插值曲线曲面的设计由随意变为确定,这使得采用本文方法更易于得到满意的结果。本文所给插值基函数的构造方法具有一般性,可以采用相同的思路构造其他函数空间上性质类似的插值基。     

A one-pass algorithm for shape-preserving quadratic spline interpolation

Schumaker (1983) and McAllister and Roulier (1981) have proposed algorithms for shape-preserving interpolation using quadratic splines. The former requires the user to provide and perhaps to adjust estimates of the slope at the data points. Here we show that, for a particular slope estimation technique, the two methods are identical, and that in this case the Schumaker algorithm automatically generates shape-preserving interpolants. Furthermore, in case of convex data the slopes are improved iteratively to produce more visually pleasing curves.     

Loop subdivision surfaces interpolating -spline curves

This paper presents a novel method for defining a Loop subdivision surface interpolating a set of popularly-used cubic B-spline curves. Although any curve on a Loop surface corresponding to a regular edge path is usually a piecewise quartic polynomial curve, it is found that the curve can be reduced to a single cubic B-spline curve under certain constraints of the local control vertices. Given a set of cubic B-spline curves, it is therefore possible to define a Loop surface interpolating the input curves by enforcing the interpolation constraints. In order to produce a surface of local or global fair effect, an energy-based optimization scheme is used to update the control vertices of the Loop surface subjecting to curve interpolation constraints, and the resulting surface will exactly interpolate the given curves. In addition to curve interpolation, other linear constraints can also be conveniently incorporated. Because both Loop subdivision surfaces and cubic B-spline curves are popularly used in engineering applications, the curve interpolation method proposed in this paper offers an attractive and essential modeling tool for computer-aided design.     

四点法及保凸算法

四点插值细分法（简称四点法）是一种离散插值方法，在曲线和曲面造型中有较广泛的应用。本文给出了四点法的一个保凸算法。     

用细分螺线插值容许G2Hermite 数据

为使几何细分方法生成的平面螺线段插值平面容许G2Hermite 数据,基于 平面双圆弧插值理论提出了该方法首末端点处新的细分规则。理论分析表明,修改后的细分 方法所得极限曲线是曲率单调、不变号的螺线段,且插值首末端点处的点、切向、曲率。数 值算例表明,修改后的细分方法收敛速度较快,极限曲线具有较好的形状。     

Linear and angular feedrate interpolation for planar implicit curves

In multi-axis CNC machining, a cutting tool combines translation and rotational movements with respect to a workpiece. This entails CNC interpolation to take angular feedrates defining the speed of the rotational movement into account, while current interpolations are overwhelmingly based on linear feedrates defining the speed of the translation movement. This paper considers linear and angular feedrate interpolations of 2D tool paths for multi-axis machining. A 2D tool path is identified by a position curve assumed to be a 2D implicit curve and a tool orientation curve based on the implicit curve. The paper will relate the angular feedrate to the linear feedrate along the tool paths. The result is then used to develop the angular feedrate interpolation from the linear feedrate interpolation. Detailed interpolation schemes for such hybrid feedrates as a constant linear feedrate with constrained angular feedrate (CLCA) and a constant angular feedrate with constrained linear feedrate (CACL) have further been constructed. A corrected interpolation scheme is further present to augment the initial interpolation. Example interpolations including a quadric curve, the nodal cubic and a quartic curve are carried out to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

C3连续的单位四元数插值样条曲线

目的 构造一类C³连续的单位四元数插值样条曲线,证明它的插值性和连续性,并把它应用于刚体关键帧动画设计中。方法 利用R³空间中插值样条曲线的5次多项式调配函数的累和形式构造了S³空间中单位四元数插值样条曲线,它不仅能精确通过一系列给定的方向,而且能生成C³连续的朝向曲线。结果 与Nielson的单位四元数均匀B样条插值曲线的迭代构造方法相比,所提方法避免了为获取四元数B样条曲线控制顶点对非线性方程组迭代求解的过程,提高了运算效率;与单位四元数代数三角混合插值样条曲线的构造方法（Su方法）相比,所提方法只用到多项式基,运算速度更快。本例中创建关键帧动画所需的时间与Nielson方法和Su方法相比平均下降了73%和33%。而且,相比前两种方法,所提方法产生的四元数曲线连续性更高,由C²连续提高到C³连续,这意味着动画中刚体的朝向变化更加自然。结论 仿真结果表明,本文方法对刚体关键帧动画设计是有效的,对实时性和流畅性要求高的动画设计场合尤为适用。     

曲线曲面逼近与插值的统一表示

为了用一种模型实现从逼近到插值的转换,在多项式空间上构造了含一个参数的调配函数,由之定义了基于4点分段的曲线,该曲线可以理解为由相同的一组控制顶点定义的逼近曲线和插值曲线的线性组合,其中的逼近曲线为3次均匀B样条曲线,插值曲线经过除首末点以外的所有控制点。在均匀参数分割下,曲线具有C2连续性,取特殊参数时可达C3连续。在参数变化过程中,曲线各段起点、终点的位置发生改变,但这些点处的一阶、二阶导矢始终保持不变,即始终与3次B样条曲线相同。曲线形状与端点条件密切相关,而B样条曲线具有良好的保形性,这些综合因素使得曲线在形状变化的过程中始终可以较好地保持控制多边形的特征。采用张量积方法将曲线推广至曲面,曲线曲面图例显示了该方法在造型设计中的有效性。     

Shape preserving interpolation by curvature continuous parametric curves

An interpolation scheme for planar curves is described, obtained by patching together parametric cubic segments and straight lines. The scheme has, in general, geometric continuity of order 2 (G² continuity) and is similar in approach to that of [Goodman & Unsworth ′86], but whereas this earlier scheme, when applied to cubics, produces curves with zero curvature at the interpolation points, the corresponding curvature values in this scheme are in general non-zero. The choice of a tangent vector at each interpolation point guarantees that the interpolating curve is local convexity preserving, and in the case of functional data it is single-valued and local monotonicity preserving. The algorithm for generating the cubic curve segments usually requires the solution of two non-linear equations in two unknowns, and lower bounds are obtained on the magnitude of the curvature at the relevant interpolation points in order that this system of equations has a unique solution. Particular attention is given to cubic segments which are adjacent to straight line segments. Two methods for calculating these segments are described, one which preserves G² continuity, and one which only gives G¹ continuity. A number of examples of the application of the scheme are presented.     

Shape preserving interpolation by space curves

Shape preserving interpolation for planar data has been well studied while little has been done for shape preserving curve interpolation in space. We consider some criteria for shape preserving interpolation by space curves: convexity and inflections of the projections of the curve onto certain planes, the sign of the torsion, coplanarity and collinearity. Based upon these criteria we then derive an algorithm for interpolating given points in space with a shape preserving piecewise rational cubic curve. The scheme is local and produces curves which are unit tangent continuous and also continuous in curvature magnitude apart from some exceptional cases where the curve contains linear segments. We illustrate the scheme with some graphical examples.     

基于ECC的无可信中心的(t，n)门限秘密共享方案

利用椭圆曲线离散对数问题(ECDLP),设计了一个无可信中心(SDC)的(t,n)门限秘密共享方案。系统的初始化、组成员的私钥、公钥的产生都不需要SDC的参与,利用各成员之间的秘密共享值,构造了秘密共享矩阵,结合Lagrange插值定理,实现了(t,n)门限秘密共享。分析表明,该方案具有较高的安全性和一定的实用价值。     

Mesh deformation using radial basis functions for gradient-based aerodynamic shape optimization

Gradient-based aerodynamic shape optimization using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and time dependent problems in aeroelasticity, that is, coupled calculations between computational structural mechanics (CSM) and CFD, require repeated deformations of the CFD mesh.An interpolation scheme, based on radial basis functions (RBF), is devised in order to propagate the deformations from the boundaries to the interior of the CFD mesh. This method can lower the computational costs due to the deformation of the mesh, in comparison with the usual Laplace smoothing. Moreover, the algorithm is independent of the mesh connectivities. Therefore, structured and unstructured meshes are equally treated as well as hybrid meshes.The application of this interpolation scheme in problems of aerodynamic shape optimization is also carefully investigated. When the optimization is executed by a gradient-based algorithm the cost function is differentiated with respect to the design parameters in order to obtain the gradient. The gradient is most efficiently and accurately calculated by solving a certain adjoint equation derived from the discretized flow equations. The calculation of the gradient, which is detailed in this presentation, involves the Jacobian matrix of the mesh deformation.Finally, we present the results of an optimization of the ONERA M6 wing at transonic speed using the interpolation algorithm. The results are used for comparison with another technique of mesh deformation. The quality of the mesh obtained by the new algorithm, and the interpolation error, are analyzed with respect to the parameters of the interpolation scheme: the type of RBF, the RBF’s shape parameter, and the sets of control points.     

An adaptive real-time NURBS curve interpolation for 4-axis polishing machine tool

The non-uniform rational B-spine (NURBS) curve interpolation is a key technology of the advanced computer numerical control (CNC) system. NURBS curve interpolation can realize a high-speed and high-precision machining, and it can also avoid some inevitable deficiencies of the linear and circular interpolation functions which are generally used in traditional NC system. Before the interpolation, some calculation tasks are finished, which will decrease the amount of calculation during interpolation and increase the interpolation efficiency. Further, an adaptive NURBS curve interpolation with real-time and flexible S-shaped curve acceleration/deceleration (ACC/DEC) control method is added to the interpolation algorithms. The NC machining simulation conducted with the MATLAB software and the NURBS curve interpolation experiments performed on the 4-axis polishing machine tool demonstrate the validity and correctness of the adaptive real-time NURBS curve interpolation algorithm in the CNC system.     

基于FPGA的实时Pythagorean Hodograph曲线运动控制器的设计

提出了一种采用SOPC技术在单个FPGA芯片上构建的新型实时PH曲线运动控制器的架构;该运动控制器在QuartusⅡ9.0中设计,由一个NiosⅡ软核处理器和多个功能模块构成;它通过采用二次插补方式以减少PH曲线插补的计算量;NiosⅡ处理器执行主控程序和PH曲线粗插补算法,FPGA硬件逻辑执行精插补算法并输出两组用于控制执行机构(XY工作台)的控制脉冲;实验数据表明,该运动控制器完成恒进给速度的单次PH曲线插补的平均耗时均小于2ms,终点坐标的定位误差均低于0.0079mm。     

某型舰炮炮口冲击波等压场测试方法

针对现有军标中规定的炮口冲击波等压场测试方法不适用于某型舰炮炮口冲击波压力场的测试情况,提出了以极坐标布放传感器的测试方案,并测试了各点位的冲击波超压值。其次,提出采用三次样条函数方法对测试数据进行插值;最后,使用Delaunay三角划分方法对插值后的数据进行网格划分和等压线绘制,得到了某型舰炮的炮口冲击波等压场。     

四点插入生成曲线的递归算法及在分形绘图中的应用

本文讨论基于四点插入的曲线生成方法的产发实现问题，说明实现算法可以在分形绘图中得到应用，并给出了一些实例。     

基于Hermite样条曲线的关键帧插值角色动画

针对角色关键帧动画中的运动平滑性问题,以基于运动捕获数据的角色动画为基础,提出以Hermite样条曲线为基本算法结合四元数球面线性插值算法的方法,对虚拟人体骨骼运动的动画关键帧进行插值,实现虚拟人体角色的动作平滑过渡。经实验证明,本方法实现简单高效,获得的关键帧动画平滑流畅,可广泛用于人体类角色动画的研究。     

A look-ahead command generator with control over trajectory and chord error for NURBS curve with unknown arc length

There are currently no analytical methods available which determine the exact arc length for NURBS curves and for this reason, a smooth feedrate profile with desired trajectory cannot be achieved. Numerical methods used to calculate the arc length are time-consuming processes which make generating a feedrate profile with desired accelerations difficult in real-time. This paper introduces a look-ahead trajectory generation method which determines the deceleration stage according to the fast estimated arc length and the reverse interpolation of each curve at every sampling time. This results in a feedrate trajectory generation with jerk-limited acceleration profiles for the NURBS curves. The feedrate profile is adjusted dynamically according to the geometrical path constraint determined by chord error for the curved path. A NURBS curve by two different kinematics conditions was used as a means to test the feasibility of the developed interpolation scheme and command generator.     

基于动态参数化的二次B样条插值曲线

参数化为构造B样条插值曲线提供了自由度,但在以往的研究中,这些自由度并未得到充分利用．该文给出的二次B样条曲线插值方法充分利用了参数化的自由度,直接利用插值曲线直观的几何约束条件如曲线在数据点处的切向、曲线段的相对高度等进行参数化,使得构造出的插值曲线不仅在两端,而且在中间各段具有预期的几何性质．该文的方法比起以往的参数化方法来,能更直观有效地控制插值曲线的形状．而且,所构造的插值曲线具有局部性质或近似局部性质,即当改变某个数据点的位置时,插值曲线的形状只作局部改变或除局部范围外,曲线形状改变很小或完全不变．不同于以往的插值方法,该文的方法在构造插值曲线的过程中根据曲线的几何约束条件动态地递推确定参数值、节点向量和控制顶点,整个过程不必解方程组,计算简便．该文还给出了相应的算法和应用例子．实验结果表明,该文的方法十分有效．