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1.
The Nobel Prizes began a little over a century ago, established by the last will and testament of Alfred Nobel to recognize those individuals "who ... shall have conferred the greatest benefits on mankind" (R. M. Friedman, 2001, p. 13). No social science prizes were established among the original five categories, consequently behavioral research has received little recognition. Using archival records from several locations, particularly the Nobel committee records from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, which selects the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, this article provides a history of the scientists whose work was related to psychology and who won or lost the attempt for Nobel fame. It concludes with a discussion of the importance of behavioral science in the 21st century in the context of the subject domains of the Nobel Prizes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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In 1978, Herbert A. Simon won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, the same Nobel won by Daniel Kahneman in 2002. Simon's work in fact paved the way for Kahneman's Nobel. Although trained in political science and economics rather than psychology, Simon applied psychological ideas to economic theorizing. Classical and neoclassical economic theories assume that people are perfectly rational and strive to optimize economic outcomes. Simon argued that human rationality is constrained, not perfect, and that people seek satisfactory rather than ideal outcomes. Despite his Nobel, Simon felt isolated in economics and ultimately moved into psychology. Nevertheless, his ideas percolated through the economic community, so that Kahneman, whose research advanced Simon's broad perspective, could be the psychologist who won the Nobel in economics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for 1973 was awarded to 3 ethologists: Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, and Nikolaas Tinbergen. This was a landmark event in the history of the field of ethology and potentially for the behavioral sciences more broadly. For the first time, the prize was awarded for research of a purely behavioral nature. The language used in making the award emphasized the implications of ethological work for human health and appeared to suggest that more such awards might be forthcoming; few were. The author provides an overview of the 3 men, their work, the events surrounding the award, the controversy that arose, and the significance of the award as viewed in contemporary perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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This special section on international perspectives in psychology focuses on population issues and reproductive behavior across national and cultural boundaries, emphasizing the responsibility of psychologists and colleagues in related disciplines to generate and communicate culturally mindful findings likely to shape public health policy and improve human well-being. After considering the historical and policy context, it highlights internationally collaborative research projects in the Czech Republic, Egypt, Mexico, and the United States that address reproductive behavior, women's roles and status, responsible parenthood, and abortion legislation in terms of cultural context, gender equity, the needs of adolescents, and public health policy. The articles illustrate the importance of the cultural context within which psychological research is conducted and how psychology can be informed by international perspectives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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In the past, we have had the decade of the brain. Now, as behavioral scientists and practitioners, it is our turn and the period from 2000-2010 is the Decade of Behavior. The American Psychological Association's Board of Scientific Affairs initiated this idea, which is now sponsored by a host of behavioral and social science organizations. With an advisory committee representing a dozen disciplines, this is a ground-breaking multidisciplinary effort that aims to raise awareness of the importance of behavioral aspects of our lives. Five major themes guide this initiative: health, safety, education, prosperity, and democracy. I want to bring this important idea to your attention as both readers and authors of articles in the Journal of Family Psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Carlson Neil R.; Buskist William; Enzle Michael E.; Heth C. Donald 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2002,43(4):278b
Review of the book, Neil R. Carlson, William Buskist, Michael E. Enzle, and C. Donald Heth (authors) Psychology: The Science of Behaviour. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Education Canada Ltd., 2002, 701 pp., ISBN 0-13-0393606-6. Reviewed by: George Alder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Reports an error in the review by Roger G. Barker of the L. Carmichael edited book, Manual of Child Psychology (Psychological Bulletin, 1955, Vol 52[3], 263-267). The sentence on page 266, right-hand column, should read "However, this reader found intriguing the world view so boldly sketched." (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 2005-10141-002). This book is a good picture of child psychology in 1954. The weaknesses of the Manual are largely the weaknesses of the science it surveys. A good manual of child psychology awaits a more mature science of child behavior. In the meantime this book and, it is to be hoped, its future editions provide an important aid in achieving this maturity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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The author opines that Buxton's "Issues in Undergraduate Education in Psychology" (American Psychologist, 1956, 11, 84-95; see record 1957-02112-001) has very properly raised a number of provocative questions that need careful and considered attention. He feels compelled to offer some clarification on whether psychological teaching should be directed at "the whole man" or primarily at intellectual aspects of the student's development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Discusses the relation of graphic design and imagery to the topic of this issue, that of Nobel Prize winners. The significance of the cover is explained. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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A scientific type of applied psychology has failed to develop within the profession of psychology. The reasons for the failure seem to lie in the historically continuous opposition of the educated academicians to the practical and applied science. They place understanding and theory construction above useful action. The establishment of schools of Applied Psychology could solve many of the problems of the development of engineering and technology of behaviour. They would permit the concentration of useful psychological expertise under one roof, the development of psychological applied services to the community within the academic framework of training and research, and they would provide opportunity for training psychologists in personal responsibility, to replace the present reliance on the medical and educational professions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Reviews the book, Children's social behavior: Development, assessment, and modification, edited by Phillip S. Strain, Michael M. Guralnick, and Hill M. Walker (1986). This book is an edited collection of 10 well-crafted chapters that review important research in the development, assessment, and modification of children's social behavior. Not only is the topic highly relevant to school psychology, but practitioners will appreciate the fact that the book is comprehensive, current, thoughtfully organized, and concisely written. The volume is organized into three areas of children's social behavior: development, assessment, and modification. Chapters in the first two sections tend to be written from the researcher's perspective, and readers should draw their own implications for practice in the schools. Potential applications are many though, and a careful study of these chapters will lead to a more productive and empirically defensible assessment of social skills in schools. Chapters in the modification section also review research studies but are more pragmatic and reflect the authors' clinical experiences. They provide excellent preparation for any practitioner intending to intervene in children's social development. The issues, resources, and procedures discussed in Children's social behavior can serve as a comprehensive reference for school psychologists whose practice includes the management of social behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Reviews the book, The Experimental Psychology of Sensory Behaviour by John F. Corso. The evaluation of John Corso's book depends to a great extent upon the use for which it is intended. As a text for an experimental psychology course, this book unfortunately has some serious limitations. This is of considerable value for some types of courses; however, for a course in experimental psychology it would seem desirable to give students a broader range of methodologies than those used in sensory psychology. This is a good, but somewhat limited, experimental psychology text that would need considerable supplementation from other sources in order to be adequate for general experimental courses in psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Major sections are Impact of Science (Evolution and Ethics, Psychoanalysis and Ethics) and Ethical Implications of Psychology (Freedom of Choice, The Process of Choice, Control of Behavior). "The paper might be thought of as a highly tentative effort to identify some of the parameters of an important human problem by examining the point of intersection of the trajectories of professional and scientific psychology." 3 conceptions related to science and troublesome to ethical theories are specified. "… psychological knowledge should result in more ethical behavior: (a) by clarifying the process of decision making; (b) by divesting repressed responses already in the individual's repertory of their anxiety-producing potential, thus making them useful in problem solving; and (c) by adding to the response repertory of the individual a number of alternative ways of behaving." 21 refs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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The author's studies of the distinction people draw between intentional and unintentional behavior indicate that people's intuitions as to whether or not a behavior was performed intentionally can be influenced by their beliefs about the moral status of the behavior itself. Criticisms of the author's work raise a number of important questions, and, in this paper, the author hopes to show that the technical insights of his critics actually bear on issues of quite broad importance that go beyond the concept of intentional action specifically. Along the way, the author points to a number of unsolved problems. He presents some preliminary ideas about how to address a few of these problems, but others are more elusive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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The purpose of this brief editorial is to discuss Québec psychology and some of the foremost researchers who have had a recognized, world-wide impact on psychology. Following a brief review of historical facts describing the evolution of psychology in Québec, and of issues related to communicating psychology in French, the contribution of certain distinguished individuals is highlighted. These persons either have played a critical role in international organisations, or have produced scientific work that is widely recognized by their peers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
18.
The authors opine that the behavioral sciences and the field of psychology are absolutely vital in meeting the nation's needs regarding health and health policy. Psychologists have become increasingly involved in health psychology, as reflected by the establishment and rapid growth of Division 38 (Health Psychology). This expansion of psychologists' involvement in physical health research and intervention has led to increased contact between psychologists and nurses, public health experts, and nonpsychiatric physicians. With such contact, psychologists are being recruited into the faculties of schools of nursing, schools of public health, and schools of medicine. This article examines aspects of psychology's role in, involvement with, and contribution to one sector of this arena--public health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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The mapping of the human genome has reawakened interest in the topic of race and genetics, especially the use of genetic technology to examine racial differences in complex outcomes such as health and intelligence. Advances in genomic research challenge psychology to address the myriad conceptual, methodological, and analytical issues associated with research on genetics and race. In addition, the field needs to understand the numerous social, ethical, legal, clinical, and policy implications of research in this arena. Addressing these issues should not only benefit psychology but could also serve to guide such thought in other fields, including molecular biology. The purpose of this special issue is to begin a discussion of this issue of race and genetics within the field of psychology. Several scholars who work in the fields of genetics, race, or related areas were invited to write (or had previously submitted) articles sharing their perspectives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Comments on the article by J. Bardon and N. Walker (see record 1973-05301-001). While the data is interesting, the author's hope that a follow-up study will also show where the training given enables the doctoral graduates to assist in developing a criterion-referenced marking system, and to employ an educational versus a medical model for dealing with disturbed behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献