Liquid–liquid equilibrium correlations using lattice fluid equation of state with hydrogen bonding

The nonrandom lattice equation of state with hydrogen bonding (NLF-HB EOS) was examined for the correlation of liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) for binary alcohol and hydrocarbon mixture in a wide pressure range. For hydrocarbon + alcohol mixtures the consideration of a hydrogen-bonding term in the lattice equation of state clearly improves the prediction for vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) as shown in previous works, but the prediction of LLE is still in question. In this paper, LLE data for alcohols (methanol and ethanol) + hydrocarbons (n-hexane to n-hexadecane) were correlated by NLF-HB EOS and results were compared with a cubic equation of state (Peng–Robinson EOS with the T–K Wilson based G^E model). Both equations of state showed similar degree of accuracies but with different number of adjustable parameters. The Peng–Robinson EOS based approach requires six temperature dependent coefficients for accurate calculation whereas NLF-HB EOS requires only two temperature dependent coefficients. The effects of varying hydrogen-bonding energies for NLF-HB EOS are discussed.     

Measurement and correlation of the isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium for mixtures of alcohol+ketone systems at atmospheric pressure

Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) for binary mixtures composed of ethanol+methyl isobutyl ketone, 1-butanol+ methyl ethyl ketone, and 1-butanol+methyl propyl ketone systems was measured using a circulation type equilibrium apparatus at atmospheric pressure. The measured data and literature data for alcohol and ketone systems have been correlated by the UNIversal Quasi-Chemical (UNIQUAC) model with two binary interaction parameters and the non-random lattice fluid equation of state with hydrogen bonding equation of state (NLF-HB EoS) using a single binary interaction parameter. For the NLF-HB EoS calculations, the numbers of proton acceptor for ketones were adjusted between 0 and 1. The calculation results with the NLF-HB EoS are better than those with the UNIQUAC model.     

Calculation of phase equilibrium for water+carbon dioxide system using nonrandom lattice fluid equation of state

For the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide to prevent global warming, the phase equilibrium data for water and carbon dioxide mixture play an important role in process design and operation. In this work, the nonrandom lattice fluid equation of state with hydrogen bonding (NLF-HB EOS) was applied for the prediction of phase equilibrium of mixtures containing water and carbon dioxide. A new set of pure component parameters for carbon dioxide above critical condition was found and optimum binary interaction parameters were reported to correlate mutual solubility of mixtures. The calculated results were compared with the Peng-Robinson Equation of State with the conventional mixing rule (PR-EOS) and the Wong-Sandler mixing rule (PR-WS-EOS). The calculation results show that NLF-HB EOS can correlate mutual solubility of water+carbon dioxide mixtures with reasonable accuracy within a single theoretical framework.     

Nonrandom lattice fluid group contribution parameter for vapor-liquid equilibrium of esters and their mixtures

A group contribution version of the nonrandom lattice fluid equation of state (NLF-GC EOS) has been used to predict the vapor-liquid phase equilibria (VLE) of esters and their mixtures. The investigated esters were divided into groups according to the contribution scheme. Two different types of parameters were regressed from experimental datasets. Size parameters were fitted to pure component properties, and the group-group energy interaction parameters were simultaneously fitted to several binary mixture data sets. For systems containing propylene oxide, missing binary VLE data was predicted by using the COSMO-RS method. Parameters obtained by using the COSMO-RS method were later used to successfully predict experimentally measured binary propylene oxide+esters systems. The overall good prediction capability of the NLF-GC EOS could be proven for the investigated systems. This article is dedicated to Professor Chul Soo Lee in commemoration of his retirement from Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering of Korea University.     

Effect of surface area parameters on the vapor–liquid equilibrium calculations using a lattice fluid equation of state with hydrogen bonding

Vapor–liquid equilibrium calculations at ambient and elevated pressures were performed using the lattice fluid equation of state with hydrogen bonding (NLF-HB EoS) proposed by You et al. [7], [8] and Lee et al. [17]. Vapor–liquid equilibrium calculations composed of typical pure components were compared with electronic experimental database (Dortmund Data Bank). Special attention has been paid to the correction of surface area parameters. Bulkiness factors can be used to modify theoretical surface area parameters for molecules with nonlinear shapes. Empirical bulkiness factors were obtained from liquid density data and VLE data sets with n-hexane chosen as a reference component. Using empirical bulkiness factors, overall prediction performances without binary interaction parameters have been significantly improved. It is shown that the NLF-HB EoS have comparable prediction capability with UNIQUAC method or Peng–Robinson Equation of State only with pure component parameters and component-type-dependent hydrogen-bonding energy parameters for most systems considered in this study.     

Correlation of measured excess enthalpies of binary systems composed of n-alkane+1-alkanol

The excess enthalpies of the binary mixture composed of n-alkane (n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane) and 1-alkanol (ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol) have been measured by using a flow-type isothermal microcalorimeter (model CSC 4400, Calorimetry Science Corp., USA) at 313.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The measured excess enthalpy data were correlated by the Redlich-Kister equation and the nonrandom lattice fluid with hydrogen bonding (NLFHB) equation of state. Hydrogen bonding type specific parameters were introduced in the NLF-HB equation of state framework, and the effects of those parameters were investigated for excess enthalpy calculations. With two adjustable temperature-dependent interaction parameters, the NLF-HB equation represents the excess enthalpies for nine binary systems qualitatively. This article is dedicated to Professor Chul Soo Lee in commemoration of his retirement from Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering of Korea University.     

RG-CPA方程计算超临界CO2-醇体系汽液相平衡

综合考虑缔合作用和密度涨落的影响,将经重整化群修正的CPA方程（RG-CPA方程）扩展到二元体系汽液相平衡的计算。通过一个温度下的汽液相平衡数据回归得到二元交互作用参数,预测其他温度下的相平衡。采用这种方法计算了超临界CO₂与醇二元体系的汽液相平衡性质和临界曲线。结果表明,RG-CPA方程预测超临界CO₂与醇二元体系的气液相组成和密度具有较高的精度,液相组分平均绝对偏差为0.032,气相组分平均绝对偏差为0.019。与原始CPA方程相比,RG-CPA方程能更好地预测气液临界曲线。     

Measurement of excess enthalpies using a high-pressure flow microcalorimeter and determination of binary interaction parameters for thermodynamic models

While an equation of state (EOS) plays a critical role in estimating thermodynamic properties, employing it in the determination of binary interaction parameters is extremely important. In general, these parameters can be determined from phase equilibrium data. However, data collection from experiments is a time-consuming and tedious process. In this study, after measuring the excess enthalpies of binary systems containing CO₂ by high-pressure flow isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC), we determined the EOS binary interaction parameters, specifically, the Peng-Robinson EOS binary interaction parameters. These binary interaction parameters obtained by IMC were compared with those obtained by vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) experiments. Hence, high-pressure flow IMC appears to be an effective method for the determination of interaction parameters that are used in the estimation of thermodynamic properties. Further, the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters of a binary mixture CO₂ containing with various mole compositions were also estimated by employing high-pressure IMC.     

状态方程模拟醇胺系统的密度和汽液相平衡

通过考虑醇胺分子间的缔合作用,结合先前开发的非缔合变阱宽链流体状态方程(SWCF-VREOS)建立了一个缔合方阱链流体状态方程,并利用方程模拟了醇胺系统的密度和汽液相平衡。通过关联不同温度下醇胺的饱和蒸气压和液体体积得到了18种醇胺流体的分子参数,新方程计算的饱和蒸气压和液体密度总的平均误差分别为0.94%和0.88%。结合简单的混合规则,将此方程扩展到混合系统。研究发现,建立的方程可预测二元和三元醇胺混合物的密度。当引入一个与温度无关的可调参数时,方程能满意关联二元系统的汽液相平衡数据,并可进一步预测多元混合系统的汽液相平衡,预示着新方程可模拟醇胺系统的相行为。     

AN EQUATION OF STATE FOR AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SYSTEMS——Prediction of The Solubility of Natural Gas in Formation Water

A new equation of state(PHSMSA EOS)based on perturbation theory is developed for calculating high-pressure phase equilibria of aqueous electrolyte systems containing supercritical gases,light hydrocarbons andpolar components.The binary interaction parameters are determined:for ion-ion pairs by regression of ionicactivity coefficient data;for molecule-molecule pairs by fitting the VLE data of binary nonelectrolyte mixtures;and for ion-molecule pairs by fitting the gas solubility data of ternary gas-water-salt systems.The new EOShas been tested on the prediction of solubilities of methane,nitrogen and natural gas mixtures in brine.Sat-isfactory agreement with the experimental data measured by authors and other investigators is observed.     

Generalized binary interaction parameters for hydrogen-heavy-n-alkane systems using Peng–Robinson equation of state

The Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) is used to model the vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) of binary systems of hydrogen with five heavy-n-alkanes: n-decane (n-C₁₀H₂₂), n-hexadecane (n-C₁₆H₃₄), n-octacosane (n-C₂₈H₅₈), n-hexatriacontane (n-C₃₆H₇₄), and n-hexatetracontane (n-C₄₆H₉₄). Using literature experimental data for these systems, binary interaction parameters (BIPs) were calculated using the PR EOS coupled with three different alpha (α) functions (Soave, Twu, and Gasem). The calculated BIPs have been fitted to a generalized correlation that can be used to estimate the BIPs and model the VLE within the temperature range of 283.2–449.6?K, pressure range of 1.151–15.970?MPa, and hydrogen solubility range of 0.016–0.257?mole fraction. It is found that PR EOS combined with one specific form of α function is capable of reproducing the experimental VLE data with an overall %AARD of 1.1%.     

Extending the range of COSMO‐SAC to high temperatures and high pressures

The range of the predictive Gibbs energy of solvation model, COSMO‐SAC, is extended to large ranges of density, pressure, and temperature for very nonideal mixtures by combining it with an equation of state (EOS) using the Wong‐Sandler mixing rule. The accuracy of isothermal vapor‐liquid equilibria (VLE) calculations based on using the predictive COSMO‐SAC model and separately the correlative NRTL model is compared, each combined with three different forms of the Peng‐Robinson equation of state. All the models considered require the value of the EOS mixing rule binary parameter k_ij. The NRTL model also requires three other parameters obtained from correlation low pressure VLE data. The PRSV + COSMO‐SAC model is showed, with its one adjustable parameter obtained from low temperature data leads good predictions at much higher temperatures and pressures. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1806–1813, 2018     

ON THE COMPOSITION-DEPENDENT INTERACTION PARAMETERS IN EQUATIONS OF STATE

Composition-dependent interaction parameters have been applied to the calculation of vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) in mixtures containing components of different chemical nature. Binary VLE have been correlated and ternary VLE have been predicted from binary data using five different mixing rules. Binary data can be accurately correlated for systems with moderate deviations from ideality using mixing rules with two binary parameters. For very strongly nonideal mixtures three binary parameters are needed. For the prediction of ternary VLE from binary information only the mixing rules of Panagiotopoulos and Reid (1986) and Schwartzentruber et al. (1987) are reliable. For most systems the quality of predicting ternary data is comparable to the quality of correlating binary data. Significant deviations are noted only for strongly nonideal systems close to phase separation. In these cases it is recommended to use models incorporating association in an explicit form. KEYWORDS Equations of state Mixing rules Multicomponent Vapor-liquid equilibria.     

超临界CO2二元系统相平衡的数值模拟

应用微扰理论,借助微扰状态方程,对超临界CO2 系统相平衡进行了模拟。编制了求解程序,介绍了状态方程中各参数的确定方法和程序模块的设计思想。针对超临界CO2 /非极性体系、超临界CO2 /极性体系,在不同温度、压力条件下的气液相平衡进行了计算,将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,结果表明:微扰状态方程适合模拟超高压下的CO2 二元体系的相平衡。     

用MH-81′状态方程模拟液氮洗涤塔

本文采用MH-81′状态方程和与密度无关的局部组成型混合法则,从二元汽-液平衡数据得到的二元相互作用参数,预测了部分液氮洗过程中的二元体系的混合焓,结果满意。采用三对角矩阵方法,对两种不同工况的液氮洗涤塔进行了模拟,计算结果与设计值和实测值符合较好。     

用拓扑法关联预测气液平衡的研究

用TTM法的十个模型关联了三个二元物系的VLE,并进行了模型选择,还关联了恒压、恒温二元系的VLE,又对用某温度下的参数预测相邻温度下的气液平衡以及由已知二元数据预测由组分同系物组成的其它二元系的气液平衡进行研究。结果表明,对所研究的含醇和丙酮物系,用TTM法关联的结果一般与用Margules方程相近,比用UNIQUAC,Wilson方程差,但用TTM法计算简单。用该法预测相邻温度下的VLE是可行的,而预测同系物组成的二元系尚需进一步研究。     

On the predictive capabilities of CPA for applications in the chemical industry: Multicomponent mixtures containing methyl-methacrylate,dimethyl-ether or acetic acid

The predictive performance of the CPA (Cubic-Plus-Association) equation of state for applications relevant to the chemical industry is illustrated in this work. Three such applications inspired by industrial requests/interest are illustrated here, all of which involve aqueous multicomponent mixtures exhibiting vapor–liquid (VLE) and/or liquid–liquid (LLE) equilibrium. The first two cases include mixtures of methyl-methacrylate with acetone or methanol and dimethyl-ether with ethanol, respectively. In these two cases, the classical form of CPA is used. The third case involves aqueous mixtures with acetic acid, esters, ethers and alcohols, and in this case for water–acetic acid the CPA-Huron Vidal (CPA-HV) version of the model is used. For the latter binary mixture, new CPA-HV binary parameter sets are estimated using, among others, data for activity coefficients at infinite dilutions. The modeling approach is similar in all three cases, i.e. the binary parameters are solely fitted to binary data and thus all multicomponent calculations are considered predictions.It is shown that CPA correlations for binary systems are excellent in all cases using temperature independent parameters except for the acetic acid–water system for which different parameter sets at different temperatures can be recommended. Even with the use of CPA-HV mixing rules, modeling of the acetic acid–water system with few interaction parameters remains a challenging task. Excellent simultaneous VLE and LLE correlation is obtained for complex systems such as aqueous mixtures with ethers and esters. The multicomponent results are, with a few exceptions, very satisfactory, especially for the vapor–liquid equilibrium cases. For the demanding aqueous acetic acid–water containing systems, one parameter set is recommended at the end for modeling ternary or multicomponent mixtures containing acetic acid and water.     

Measurements and correlation of hydrogen-bonding vapor sorption equilibrium data of binary polymer solutions

Vapor sorption equilibrium data of ten binary polymer/solvent systems were measured using sorption equilibrium cell equipped with a vacuum electromicrobalance. Tested solvents were water, methanol, ethanol and npropanol and polymer solutes were poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol), poly(tetramethylene glycol) and poly(ethylene oxide). The measured sorption obtained in the present work, were compared with existing literature data and the degree of reliability of the measured data was discussed. Vapor sorption equilibrium data obtained in the present study were correlated by UNIQUAC model and the multi-fluid non-random lattice fluid hydrogen bonding equation of state (MF-NLF-HB EOS) recently proposed by the present authors.