基于分块PCA的人脸识别方法

本文提出了一种称为M2PCA＋FDA的新的人脸识别方法．新方法从模式的原始数字图像出发，先对样本图像进行分块，对分块得到的子图像矩阵采用PCA进行特征抽取，从而得到能代替原始模式的低维的新模式，然后，对新模式施行“Fisherfaces”方法，实现模式的分类．其特点是能有效地抽取图像的局部特征，正是这些特征使此类模式区别于彼类．在ORL和NUST603两个人脸数据库上对M2PCAA-FDA方法进行了测试，实验的结果表明，本文提出的方法在识别性能上优于“Fisherfaces”方法和PCA方法．     

一种广义的主成分分析特征提取方法

提出了一种广义的PCA特征提取方法。该方法先将图像矩阵进行重组,根据重组的图像矩阵构造出总体散布矩阵,然后求出最佳投影向量进行特征提取。它是2DPCA和模块2DPCA的进一步推广,可以建立任意维数的散布矩阵,得到任意维数的投影向量。实验表明,随着总体散布矩阵维数的减小,广义PCA的特征提取能力更强,特征提取的速度也更快。     

基于PCA特征和融合特征的ECG身份识别方法

ECG作为一种活体生物特征用于身份识别在国际上引起了广泛重视.针对基于解析特征的ECG身份识别方法对特征点检测精度要求较高的缺点,提出一种仅需R波峰值点检测的ECG身份识别方法,该方法通过有针对性的设定相应阈值,将PCA特征和小波融合特征方法相结合.实验结果表明该方法优于PCA特征方法、波形特征方法和小波特征方法,既减少了特征点检测的复杂性和特征点检测不准确带来的误差,又可获得较高的识别率,是一种实时、高效算法.     

基于类间散布矩阵的二维主分量分析

主分量分析是一种线性特征抽取方法,被广泛地应用在人脸等图像识别领域。但传统的PCA都以总体散布矩阵作为产生矩阵,并且要将作为图像的矩阵转换为列向量进行计算。该文给出了一种利用图像矩阵直接计算的二维PCA,以类间散布矩阵的本征向量作为投影方向,取得了比利用总体散布矩阵更好的识别效果,并且特征抽取速度更快。在ORL和NUSTFDBⅡ标准人脸库上的实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

A feature extraction method for use with bimodal biometrics

Bimodal biometrics has been found to outperform single biometrics and are usually implemented using the matching score level or decision level fusion, though this fusion will enable less information of bimodal biometric traits to be exploited for personal authentication than fusion at the feature level. This paper proposes matrix-based complex PCA (MCPCA), a feature level fusion method for bimodal biometrics that uses a complex matrix to denote two biometric traits from one subject. The method respectively takes the two images from two biometric traits of a subject as the real part and imaginary part of a complex matrix. MCPCA applies a novel and mathematically tractable algorithm for extracting features directly from complex matrices. We also show that MCPCA has a sound theoretical foundation and the previous matrix-based PCA technique, two-dimensional PCA (2DPCA), is only one special form of the proposed method. On the other hand, the features extracted by the developed method may have a large number of data items (each real number in the obtained features is called one data item). In order to obtain features with a small number of data items, we have devised a two-step feature extraction scheme. Our experiments show that the proposed two-step feature extraction scheme can achieve a higher classification accuracy than the 2DPCA and PCA techniques.     

A globally convergent learning algorithm for PCA neural networks

Principal component analysis (PCA) by neural networks is one of the most frequently used feature extracting methods. To process huge data sets, many learning algorithms based on neural networks for PCA have been proposed. However, traditional algorithms are not globally convergent. In this paper, a new PCA learning algorithm based on cascade recursive least square (CRLS) neural network is proposed. This algorithm can guarantee the network weight vector converges to an eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue of the input covariance matrix globally. A rigorous mathematical proof is given. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

一种星载高光谱图像特征提取算法的实现

为了解决当前PCA算法对星载高光谱图像光谱维特征提取速度无法满足空间应用实时性要求的问题,提出了一种面向空间应用的FPGA器件的光谱维特征提取的实现方法。该方法利用时分复用与并行流水计算技术对systolic结构进行了改进,使用高带宽的寄存器组代替了传统的RAM存储区,对数据进行中间寄存,不但保留了原算法结构的高速性,而且大大降低了芯片的使用面积。实验结果表明,该方法可以快速提取高光谱图像的光谱维特征值,为高光谱图像降维和压缩的工程应用提供了支撑。     

A novel hybrid approach based on sub-pattern technique and whitened PCA for face recognition

Recently, in a task of face recognition, some researchers presented that independent component analysis (ICA) Architecture I involves a vertically centered principal component analysis (PCA) process (PCA I) and ICA Architecture II involves a whitened horizontally centered PCA process (PCA II). They also concluded that the performance of ICA strongly depends on its involved PCA process. This means that the computationally expensive ICA projection is unnecessary for further process and involved PCA process of ICA, whether PCA I or II, can be used directly for face recognition. But these approaches only consider the global information of face images. Some local information may be ignored. Therefore, in this paper, the sub-pattern technique was combined with PCA I and PCA II, respectively, for face recognition. In other words, two new different sub-pattern based whitened PCA approaches (which are called Sp-PCA I and Sp-PCA II, respectively) were performed and compared with PCA I, PCA II, PCA, and sub-pattern based PCA (SpPCA). Then, we find that sub-pattern technique is useful to PCA I but not to PCA II and PCA. Simultaneously, we also discussed what causes this result in this paper. At last, by simultaneously considering global and local information of face images, we developed a novel hybrid approach which combines PCA II and Sp-PCA I for face recognition. The experimental results reveal that the proposed novel hybrid approach has better recognition performance than that obtained using other traditional methods.     

二维投影与PCA相结合的人脸识别算法

传统的特征抽取算法是基于向量的,在模式是图像时并不方便。二维投影方法利用图像矩阵直接计算,虽然抽取特征速度快,但抽取出的特征是矩阵,对应的特征数量大,影响分类速度。该文结合二者的优点,先用二维投影处理原始图像,降维后再做主分量分析,抽取出少量的特征进行分类,识别率和分类速度均有提高。在ORL人脸库上20次实验的平均识别率达95.83%。     

基于Adaboost和PCA的嵌入式人脸识别方法

针对传统的Adaboost算法和主成分分析(PCA)算法用于人脸识别时在环境与姿态等非约束性条件下识别率大大降低以及要求训练样本符合高斯分布的缺陷,提出了一种融合Adaboost和PCA的与或关联决策方法.一方面,在需要安防模式时开启或决策,拒绝近似全部负样本的请求,最大限度保证识别的正确率;另一方面,在需要访客模式时开启与决策,以减少正样本的丢失.在Samsung 2440嵌入式Linux平台上采用该方法进行人脸检测时,基于2种决策方法,分别满足各自阈值.实验结果表明:该方法在嵌入式平台运行稳定,适合推广于智能家居控制与楼宇自动化控制.     

使用PCA建立基于规则的组合分类器

提出了一种使用基于规则的基分类器建立组合分类器的新方法PCARules。尽管新方法也采用基分类器预测的加权投票来决定待分类样本的类,但是为基分类器创建训练数据集的方法与bagging和boosting完全不同。该方法不是通过抽样为基分类器创建数据集,而是随机地将特征划分成K个子集,使用PCA得到每个子集的主成分,形成新的特征空间,并将所有训练数据映射到新的特征空间作为基分类器的训练集。在UCI机器学习库的30个随机选取的数据集上的实验表明:算法不仅能够显著提高基于规则的分类方法的分类性能,而且与bagging和boosting等传统组合方法相比,在大部分数据集上都具有更高的分类准确率。     

一种间歇过程异常数据剔除的主元分析方法

提出一种用于间歇生产过程中异常数据控制的方法。这种方法将原始的三维间歇生产数据集合展开成一个二维数据矩阵,进行中心化和规格化后再转化成另一个按照时间序列排列的二维数据矩阵。这种方法可以克服Wold方法在对数据进行中心化时引起的原始信息失真问题。通过对聚合反应釜过程数据进行分析,表明该方法能有效地对生产数据剔除异常。     

Subpattern-based principle component analysis

We propose a subpattern-based principle component analysis (SpPCA). The traditional PCA operates directly on a whole pattern represented as a vector and acquires a set of projection vectors to extract global features from given training patterns. SpPCA operates instead directly on a set of partitioned subpatterns of the original pattern and acquires a set of projection sub-vectors for each partition to extract corresponding local sub-features and then synthesizes them into global features for subsequent classification. The experimental results show that the proposed SpPCA has (much) better classification performances on all the real-life benchmark datasets than PCA.     

聚类与PCA融合的特征提取方法研究

针对主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis,PCA）在克服变量多重相关性中的局限作用,提出了基于K-maxmin聚类的改进PCA特征提取方法,并结合RelieF算法去除分类不相关特征,可进一步提高算法效率和准确性。实验结果表明,该方法的特征提取效果优于传统的PCA方法。     

一种改进的模块PCA人脸识别新方法

提出了一种改进的模块PCA方法,即基于独立特征抽取的模块PCA方法。算法先对图像进行分块,然后对每一子块独立地进行PCA处理,求出测试样本子块与训练样本对应子块间的距离;最后将这些距离相加得到测试样本与训练样本的距离,用最近距离分类器分类。在ORL人脸库和Yale人脸库上的实验结果表明,提出的方法在识别性能上明显优于普通模块PCA方法。     

From image vector to matrix: a straightforward image projection technique—IMPCA vs. PCA

The conventional principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLD) are both based on vectors. Rather, in this paper, a novel PCA technique directly based on original image matrices is developed for image feature extraction. Experimental results on ORL face database show that the proposed IMPCA are more powerful and efficient than conventional PCA and FLD.     

主成份分析在数字图像特征提取中的应用

本文运用主成份分析法对铸造零件表面缺陷数字图像进行特征提取,提出了简化零件表面质量自动检测计算量的新方法,具体地阐述了主成份分析法的原理、计算方法、数字图像分割、特征提取,并通过实例分析进行优化参数选取,具有实际应用价值。     

PCA document reconstruction for email classification

This paper presents a document classifier based on text content features and its application to email classification. We test the validity of a classifier which uses Principal Component Analysis Document Reconstruction (PCADR), where the idea is that principal component analysis (PCA) can compress optimally only the kind of documents-in our experiments email classes-that are used to compute the principal components (PCs), and that for other kinds of documents the compression will not perform well using only a few components. Thus, the classifier computes separately the PCA for each document class, and when a new instance arrives to be classified, this new example is projected in each set of computed PCs corresponding to each class, and then is reconstructed using the same PCs. The reconstruction error is computed and the classifier assigns the instance to the class with the smallest error or divergence from the class representation. We test this approach in email filtering by distinguishing between two message classes (e.g. spam from ham, or phishing from ham). The experiments show that PCADR is able to obtain very good results with the different validation datasets employed, reaching a better performance than the popular Support Vector Machine classifier.     

掌纹识别的一种新的特征提取方法*

通过分析已有的掌纹识别方法和特征提取所面临的问题,提出了一种新的掌纹识别算法——直接监督保局投影(DSLPP)。该算法在传统的保局投影（LPP）算法中加入类别信息,同时对角化XLX T和XDX T,可以直接达到保局投影算法的最优准则,并且无须在原始高维数据(如原始图像)上先进行任何特征提取或降维处理。在PolyU 掌纹库中进行实验,与Eigenpalm、Fisherpalm和LPP算法相比具有较高的识别速度和识别率;当掌纹库中图像总数为600张,共100人,每人用5张掌纹图像作为训练样本,1张掌纹图像作为     

分块PCA鉴别特征抽取能力的分析研究

基于主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA),本文提出了分块 PCA 人脸识别方法。分块 PCA 从模式的原始数字图像出发,先对图像进行分块,对分块得到的子图像矩阵采用 PCA 方法进行特征抽取,从而实现模式的分类。新方法的特点是能有效地抽取图像的局部特征,正是这些特征使此类模式区别于彼类。在 Yale 人脸数据库上测试了该方法的鉴别能力。实验的结果表明,分块 PCA 在识别性能上优于通常的 PCA 方法,也优于基于 Fisher 鉴别准则的鉴别分析方法:Fisherfaces 方法、F-S 方法、组合鉴别方法,识别率可以达到100%。